Cited by 85Mobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsInnovative Human-Technology InteractionDigital Mental Health Interventions

Identifying Persuasive Design Principles and Behavior Change Techniques Supporting End User Values and Needs in eHealth Interventions for Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance: Qualitative Study

Open access
Asbjørnsen, Rikke Aune, Wentzel, Jobke, Smedsrød, Mirjam Lien, Hjelmesæth, Jøran, Clark, Matthew M, Solberg Nes, Lise, Van Gemert-Pijnen, Julia E W C·2020·Journal of Medical Internet Research

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

Background: An increasing number of eHealth interventions aim to support healthy behaviors that facilitate weight loss. However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of the interventions and little focus on weight loss maintenance. Knowledge about end user values and needs is essential to create meaningful and effective eHealth interventions, and to identify persuasive system design (PSD) principles and behavior change techniques (BCTs) that may contribute to the behavior change required for successful long-term weight loss maintenance. Objective: This study aimed to provide insight into the design of eHealth interventions supporting behavior change for long-term weight maintenance. The study sought to identify the values and needs of people with obesity aiming to maintain weight after weight loss, and to identify PSD principles, BCTs, and design requirements that potentially enable an eHealth intervention to meet end user values and needs. Methods: This study presents the concept of integrating PSD principles and BCTs into the design process of eHealth interventions to meet user values and needs. In this study, individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with people with obesity (n=23) and other key stakeholders (n=27) to explore end user values and needs related to weight loss maintenance. Design thinking methods were applied during the focus group sessions to identify design elements and to explore how eHealth solutions can support the needs to achieve sustainable weight loss maintenance. The PSD model and behavior change taxonomy by Michie were used to identify PSD principles and BCT clusters to meet end user values and needs. Results: A total of 8 key end user values were identified, reflecting user needs for weight loss maintenance support: self-management, personalized care, autonomy, feel supported, positive self-image, motivation, happiness, and health. Goals and planning, feedback and monitoring, repetition and substitution, shaping knowledge, social support, identity, and self-belief were some of the BCT clusters identified to address these concepts, together with PSD principles such as personalization, tailoring, self-monitoring, praise, and suggestions. Conclusions: The process of translating end user values and needs into design elements or features of eHealth technologies is an important part of the design process. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore how PSD principles and BCTs can be integrated when designing eHealth self-management interventions for long-term weight loss maintenance. End users and other key stakeholders highlighted important factors to be considered in the design of eHealth interventions supporting sustained behavior change. The PSD principles and BCTs identified provide insights and suggestions about design elements and features to include for supporting weight loss maintenance. The findings indicate that a combination of BCTs and PSD principles may be needed in evidence-based eHealth interventions to stimulate motivation and adherence to support healthy behaviors and sustained weight loss maintenance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04537988; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04537988

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  • Operationalizing theoretical strategies into a user-friendly eHealth technology might be challenging.

    “Second, operationalizing theoretical strategies into a user-friendly eHealth technology might be challenging”
  • Conflicting values might arise related to, for example, costs or the focus of an eHealth technology.

    “Third, conflicting values might arise related to, for example, costs or the focus of an eHealth technology.”
  • Behavior change theories should ideally be combined with outcomes of human-centered design methods, instead of being mostly researcher based.

    “First, behavior change theories should ideally be combined with outcomes of human-centered design methods, instead of being mostly researcher based.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [91]Casanova P Agile Processes: A Unifying Approach for the Future of Projects PMI Global Congress Proceedings 2013 PGC'13 April 24, 2013 Istanbul, Turkey
  2. [100]Deckers L Motivation: Biological, Psychological, and Environmental 2018 New York, USA Routledge
  3. [104]Bandura A Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. 1st Edition 1986 New Jersey, US Prentice-Hall Inc
  4. [141]Niedderer K Clune S Ludden G Design for Behaviour Change for Health and Wellbeing 2017 London, UK Routledge, Taylor and Francis

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Authors
Asbjørnsen, R. A., Wentzel, J., Smedsrød, M. L., Hjelmesæth, J., Clark, M. M., Solberg Nes, L., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. W. C.
Affiliations
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • Windesheim University of Applied Sciences (NL)
  • Sørlandet Sykehus (NO)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Asbjørnsen, Rikke Aune
Venue
Journal of Medical Internet Research
Published
2020-11-30
Volume
22
Issue
11
Pages
e22598
ISSN
1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3107155688
Cited by
84
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 1
FWCI
9.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Mayo Clinic
  • University of Twente
  • Sykehuset i Vestfold
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords
persuasive system design, behaviour change techniques, weight loss maintenance, obesity, digital health interventions, self-management, design thinking, individualized care, social support, self-monitoring, stakeholder engagement, sustainable behavior change, user-centered design, monitoring and feedback, autonomy, self-image, motivation, identity, self-belief
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Obesity, Persuasive Communication, Surveys and Questionnaires, Weight Loss, Health Behavior, Focus Groups, Telemedicine, Qualitative Research, Young Adult

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