Kindness matters: a randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c among patients with diabetes

Friis, Anna M.; Johnson, Malcolm H.; Cutfield, Richard G.; Consedine, Nathan S.

doi:10.2337/dc16-0416

Cited by 291Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsDiabetes Management and EducationCancer survivorship and care

Kindness matters: a randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c among patients with diabetes

Friis, Anna M., Johnson, Malcolm H., Cutfield, Richard G., Consedine, Nathan S.·2016·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc16-0416

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE Mood difficulties are common among patients with diabetes and are linked to poor blood glucose control and increased complications. Evidence on psychological treatments that improve both mood and metabolic outcomes is limited. Greater self-compassion predicts better mental and physical health in both healthy and chronically ill populations. Thus, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effects of self-compassion training on mood and metabolic outcomes among patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This RCT tested the effects of a standardized 8-week mindful self-compassion (MSC) program (n = 32) relative to a wait-list control condition (n = 31) among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Measures of self-compassion, depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, and HbA1c were taken at baseline (preintervention), at week 8 (postintervention), and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Repeated-measures ANOVA using intention to treat showed that MSC training increased self-compassion and produced statistically and clinically significant reductions in depression and diabetes distress in the intervention group, with results maintained at 3-month follow-up. MSC participants also averaged a clinically and statistically meaningful decrease in HbA1c between baseline and follow-up of >10 mmol/mol (nearly 1%). There were no overall changes for the wait-list control group. CONCLUSIONS This initial report suggests that learning to be kinder to oneself (rather than being harshly self-critical) may have both emotional and metabolic benefits among patients with diabetes.

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A face-to-face group-delivered MSC programme was associated with improvements in depression, diabetes-distress and HbA1c outcomes.
“Study findings suggested that a face-to-face group-delivered MSC programme was associated with improvements in depression, diabetes-distress and HbA1c outcomes (Friis et al., 2016).”
From An online acceptance, commitment, and self-compassion based treatment to decrease psychological distress in people with type 2 diabetes: A feasibility randomised-controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Friis et al., 2016
Personal failures can be experienced on a frequent basis in diabetes, which may be particularly likely to increase self-directed criticism.
“Considering the daily challenges of maintaining diabetes, such as monitoring blood glucose, food consumption or physical activity levels, personal failures can be experienced on frequent basis, which may be particularly likely to increase one's self-directed criticism (Friis et al., 2016).”
From An online acceptance, commitment, and self-compassion based treatment to decrease psychological distress in people with type 2 diabetes: A feasibility randomised-controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Friis et al., 2016
Three of six mindfulness studies measuring anxiety and diabetes-related distress found significant reductions compared with control.
“With respect to anxiety and diabetes-related distress, three out of six studies that measured these outcomes found a significant reduction following the intervention [50, 51, 56, 58, 60] compared to the control group.”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
In two cases, significant HBA1C changes appeared not immediately after intervention but at three-month and one-month follow-up.
“In two instances, significant changes in HBA1C were not observed immediately post-intervention but instead at three-month follow-up [51] and one-month follow-up [54].”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [51]

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Research: Educational and Psychological Issues Does kindness matter? Self-compassion buffers the negative impact of diabetes-distress on HbA 1c
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The effects of self-compassion in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial
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Authors: Friis, A. M., Johnson, M. H., Cutfield, R. G., & Consedine, N. S.
Affiliations: University of Auckland (NZ)
Waitemata District Health Board (NZ)
Corresponding author: Friis, Anna M.
ORCID: Cutfield, Richard G.
Consedine, Nathan S.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2016-06-22
Volume: 39
Issue: 11
Pages: 1963-1971
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0416
OpenAlex: W2465180286
Cited by: 291
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 25.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license (vor, 120 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Keywords: mindful self-compassion, self-compassion, depression, diabetes distress, HbA1c, glycemic control, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, mood, psychological intervention, self-criticism
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Empathy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Mindfulness

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Kindness matters: a randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c among patients with diabetes

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