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9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
Open accessAbstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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“Clinically, GLP-1 RAs are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (all) and obesity (liraglutide and semaglutide only) and have beneficial effects on patient-important outcomes such as weight loss, cardiovascular and kidney events, hepatic steatosis, and mortality.5,7–9,11,30”
From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Thyroid Cancer: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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“By contrast, modern treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes 154 and essential hypertension 155 (also nutrition related chronic diseases), do recommend a stepped care approach to pharmacotherapy.”
From Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [154]
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“As a result, GLP-1 RAs are contraindicated for patients with a personal or family history of MTC or those with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2.8,17,22”
From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Thyroid Cancer: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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“However, a 5% weight reduction is insufficient to improve many aspects of health, and greater weight losses confer greater benefits, 23,82,83 with some data suggesting that there may be a threshold effect for reduction in some important comorbidities such as CVD and diabetes remission.[84][85][86]”
From Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
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Short-acting insulin analogues vs. regular human insulin in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Mannucci, E., Monami, M., & Marchionni, N. (2009) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00934.x · Cited by 96
Klaff, L. J., Cao, D., Dellva, M. A., Tobian, J. A., Miura, J., Dahl, D. B., Lucas, J., & Bue‐Valleskey, J. M. (2020) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14100 · Cited by 93
Rodbard, H. W., Visco, V. E., Andersen, H., Hiort, L. C., & Shu, D. H. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70090-1 · Cited by 91
Rodbard, H. W., Cariou, B., Zinman, B., Handelsman, Y., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Skjøth, T. V., Rana, A., Mathieu, C., & The BEGIN Once Long Trial Investigators (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12303 · Cited by 90
Out, M., Kooy, A., Lehert, P., Schalkwijk, C. A., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.001 · Cited by 84
Once-Weekly Exenatide Versus Once- or Twice-Daily Insulin Detemir
Davies, M., Heller, S., Sreenan, S., Sapin, H., Adetunji, O., Tahbaz, A., & Vora, J. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1333 · Cited by 83
Lipska, K. J., Parker, M. M., Moffet, H. H., Huang, E. S., & Karter, A. J. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7993 · Cited by 76
Akturk, H. K., Snell-Bergeon, J. K., Rewers, A., Klaff, L. J., Bode, B. W., Peters, A. L., Bailey, T. S., & Garg, S. K. (2018) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0200 · Cited by 70
Blevins, T., Zhang, Q., Frias, J. P., Jinnouchi, H., & Chang, A. M. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2550 · Cited by 69
Aroda, V. R., González-Galvez, G., Grøn, R., Halladin, N., Haluzík, M., Jermendy, G., Kok, A., Őrsy, P., Sabbah, M., Sesti, G., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30184-6 · Cited by 68
Self-citationSimplifying Complex Insulin Regimens While Preserving Good Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
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The Evidence Base for Diabetes Technology: Appropriate and Inappropriate Meta-Analysis
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Reducing Type 1 Diabetes Mortality: Role for Adjunctive Therapies?
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Dose-response effects of insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes
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Overbasalization: Addressing Hesitancy in Treatment Intensification Beyond Basal Insulin
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Results of a 24-week trial of technosphere insulin versus insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 114 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Peters, 2013, American Diabetes Association/JDRF Type 1 Diabetes Sourcebook
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ndumele, C. E., Neeland, I. J., Tuttle, K. R., Chow, S. L., Mathew, R. O., Khan, S. S., Coresh, J., Baker-Smith, C. M., Carnethon, M. R., Després, J.-P., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001186 · Cited by 1,405
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Nicholls, S. J., Bhatt, D. L., Buse, J. B., Prato, S. D., Kahn, S. E., Lincoff, A. M., McGuire, D. K., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Sattar, N., et al. (2024) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2023.09.007 · Cited by 248
Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes
Nicholls, S. J., Pavo, I., Bhatt, D. L., Buse, J. B., Del Prato, S., Kahn, S. E., Lincoff, A. M., McGuire, D. K., Miller, D., Nauck, M. A., et al. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2505928 · Cited by 223
Frias, J. P., Hsia, S., Eyde, S., Liu, R., Ma, X., Konig, M., Kazda, C., Mather, K. J., Haupt, A., Pratt, E., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01302-8 · Cited by 184
Metadata
- Authors
- ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M. L., Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J. J., Stanton, R. C., & Gabbay, R. A.
- ORCID
- ElSayed, Nuha A.
- Aleppo, Grazia
- Aroda, Vanita R.
- Bannuru, Raveendhara R.
- Brown, Florence M.
- Bruemmer, Dennis
- Collins, Billy S.
- Hilliard, Marisa E.
- Isaacs, Diana
- Johnson, Eric L.
- Kahan, Scott
- Khunti, Kamlesh
- Lyons, Sarah K.
- Perry, Mary Lou
- Prahalad, Priya
- Pratley, Richard E.
- Seley, Jane Jeffrie
- Stanton, Robert C.
- Gabbay, Robert A.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2022-12-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- Supplement_1
- Pages
- S140-S157
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9810476
- OpenAlex
- W4311264067
- Semantic Scholar
- f75bf88f7fa4c4c0cf940dad739ba96bb6d15d64
- Cited by
- 851
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 360 · 2023: 277 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 28.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- glycemic control, pharmacotherapy, diabetes mellitus, antidiabetic drugs, clinical guidelines, treatment goals, quality of care
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrinology, Humans, Reference Standards, Societies, Medical, Standard of Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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