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Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease?
Open accessAbstract
There is increasing awareness of the role of sleep disturbance as an important factor in health and disease. Although sub-clinical sleep disturbances (insufficient sleep duration or inadequate sleep quality) may be difficult to assess with conceptual and/or methodological clarity, this review attempts to summarize and synthesize these findings. First, the concept of sleep disturbance in a public health context is introduced, to provide context and rationale. Second, operational definitions of 'cardiometabolic disease' and 'sleep disturbance' are offered, to address many unclear operationalizations. Third, the extant literature is summarized regarding short or long sleep duration and/or insufficient sleep, insomnia and insomnia symptoms, general (non-specific sleep disturbances), circadian rhythm abnormalities that result in sleep disturbances, and, briefly, sleep-disordered breathing. Fourth, the review highlights the social/behavioural context of sleep, including discussions of sleep and race/ethnicity, socio-economic position, and other social/environmental factors, in order to place these findings in a social-environmental context relevant to public health. Fifth, the review highlights the issue of sleep as a domain of health behaviour and addresses issues regarding development of healthy sleep interventions. Finally, a research agenda of future directions is proposed.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This narrative review synthesizes evidence linking sleep disturbances—short/long sleep, insomnia, poor sleep quality, circadian disruption, and sleep-disordered breathing—to cardiometabolic disease risk. It argues that sleep should be treated as a public-health behaviour and proposes a social-ecological framework and research agenda, though causal and intervention evidence remains limited.
Key findings
- Short and long sleep duration have been associated with increased mortality across approximately 50 years and approximately 50 studies; short sleep is linked to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, heart attack, and stroke, while long sleep shows mixed but adverse associations.
- In a meta-analysis, insomnia overall was associated with a 5% increased risk of incident hypertension; middle insomnia was associated with a 20% increased risk and late insomnia with a 14% increased risk. Among >85,000 women in the Women’s Health Initiative, insomnia symptoms were associated with a 19% increased risk of coronary heart disease and an 11% increased risk of cardiovascular events.
- General sleep disturbance in the 2006 BRFSS was associated with a 35% increased risk of obesity, 54% increased risk of diabetes, 80% increased risk of heart attack, 102% increased risk of stroke, and 98% increased risk of any coronary artery disease; relationships attenuated after adjustment, and diabetes/stroke were no longer significant when overall physical health was entered.
- Social patterning was inconsistent: in NHANES 2007–2008, Black/African-American adults were 58% more likely to report sleep latency >30 min, but less likely to report difficulty falling asleep (OR = 0.57), as were Mexican-Americans (OR = 0.59) and other Hispanics/Latinos (OR = 0.73).
Methods
- Narrative review, not a systematic review or meta-analysis; it synthesizes existing epidemiologic and clinical literature on operational definitions of cardiometabolic disease and sleep disturbance, including short/long sleep, insufficient sleep, insomnia, general sleep disturbance, circadian rhythm abnormalities, and sleep-disordered breathing.
- Discusses social/behavioural context (race/ethnicity, socio-economic position, environment), conceptualizes sleep as a domain of health behaviour using a social-ecological model, reviews health behaviour change models, and proposes a future research agenda. No primary data collection or formal meta-analysis was conducted by the author.
Limitations
- Stated: “sleep disturbance” is non-specific and difficult to assess with conceptual and methodological clarity; most epidemiologic studies use non-standardized survey items, retrospective/subjective measures, and cross-sectional designs, limiting causal inference.
- Stated: there are no intervention studies for general sleep disturbance, and no studies investigating whether insomnia treatment improves cardiometabolic outcomes; sleep apnoea treatment has some evidence for improved cardiovascular outcomes.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not describe a systematic search strategy or formal quality appraisal, so conclusions rely on cited literature and may be subject to selection or reporting bias.
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Claims the paper makes
100 Not checked yet · 20 Own interpretation · 11 No basis given
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“presence of cardiovascular disease in general (Buxton & Marcelli, 2010; Cappuccio et al., 2011)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buxton & Marcelli, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Cappuccio et al., 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“short sleep duration has been associated with obesity-related outcomes, diabetes-related outcomes, and cardiovascular-related outcomes. Regarding obesity-related outcomes, short sleep duration has been associated with incident weight gain (Kobayashi et al., 2012; Nagai et al., 2013), incident obesity (Watanabe et al., 2010), current body mass index (Patel, 2009), and current adiposity(Chaput et al”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“stroke (Altman et al., 2012; Kakizaki et al., 2013)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For approximately 50 years and across approximately 50 studies, both short and long sleep duration have been associated with increased mortality risk (Cappuccio et al., 2010; Gallicchio & Kalesan, 2009; Grandner et al., 2010c).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“diabetes (Buxton & Marcelli, 2010; Kachi et al., 2012)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buxton & Marcelli, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Kachi et al., 2012 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“short sleep duration overlaps significantly with daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness, tiredness, and/or fatigue (Grandner & Kripke, 2004).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner & Kripke, 2004
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“carotid intima-media thickness (a measure of atherosclerosis risk) (Abe et al., 2011)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Abe et al., 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“several studies have shown adverse outcomes associated with long sleep duration, including depression (Patel et al., 2006)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel et al., 2006 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“obesity (Buxton & Marcelli, 2010)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buxton & Marcelli, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“heart attack (Altman et al., 2012; Magee et al., 2009)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
- Probably not a substantial claim. 24
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Regarding cardiovascular-related outcomes, short sleep duration has been associated with incident hypertension (Cappuccio et al., 2011; Meng et al., 2013), current hypertension (Altman et al., 2012; Fang et al., 2012; Faraut et al., 2012b; Grandner et al., 2014a; Wang et al., 2012), dyslipidemia (Altman et al., 2012; Gangwisch et al., 2010a; Grandner et al., 2014a), atherosclerosis risk factors (”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Regarding diabetes-related outcomes, short sleep duration has been associated with diabetes (Buxton & Marcelli, 2010; Grandner et al., 2014a; Hsieh et al., 2011; Kachi et al., 2012), insulin and/or glucose dysregulation (Beihl et al., 2009; Byberg et al., 2012; Chang et al., 2012b; Chaput et al., 2009; Javaheri et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011; Lucassen et al., 2012; Zuo et al., 2012), and dysre”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Short or long sleep duration and insufficient sleep
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buxton & Marcelli, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2014a
- Not checked yetcites Hsieh et al., 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“sleep apnoea often presents as daytime sleepiness or non-restorative sleep (Alam et al., 2012; Cruz et al., 2012; Lal et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2012; Sunwoo et al., 2012) and sometimes as insomnia (Al-Jawder & Bahammam, 2012; Glidewell et al., 2012).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insomnia and its symptoms are strongly related to mental health outcomes, but cardiometabolic relationships have just recently been explored.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Sleep apnoea is associated with significant sleep fragmentation (Bianchi et al., 2012)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bianchi et al., 2012 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“simply reporting any activity was associated with a decreased likelihood of reporting sleep disturbance (around 30% decrease) and daytime tiredness (around 50% decrease).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > General sleep disturbance (non-specific)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep-disordered breathing, especially (untreated) obstructive sleep apnoea, is a well-known cardiometabolic risk factor, associated with cardiac and vascular outcomes, diabetes, and mortality.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Long sleep duration and perceived insufficient sleep, however, have not been studied as thoroughly.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insomnia and its symptoms are strongly related to mental health outcomes, but cardiometabolic relationships have just recently been explored.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Notably, short sleep duration in this group was found to be a significant moderator of the effect, with those sleeping < 6 h on average being at the highest risk.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Circadian rhythm disturbances
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cheng et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a recent review by Szosland summarizes data that implicates shiftwork in diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, and metabolic syndrome (Szosland, 2010).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Circadian rhythm disturbances
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Szosland, 2010 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Grandner and colleagues found that sleep disturbance, assessed as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much in at least 7 of the past 14 days (assessed using the 2006 BRFSS), was associated with a 35% increased risk of obesity, a 54% increased risk of diabetes, an 80% increased risk of heart attack, a 102% increased risk of stroke, and a 98% increased risk of any coronary”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > General sleep disturbance (non-specific)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2012a
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“though the risks are probably largely due to the intermittent hypoxia and co-morbid obesity (Pak et al., 2014).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pak et al., 2014 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“All of these relationships remained significant (though attenuated) after adjustment for demographics, socio-economics, mental health, healthcare access, smoking, alcohol use and BMI (for outcomes other than obesity).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > General sleep disturbance (non-specific)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2012a
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Boudreau and colleagues found that circadian adaptation to night work resulted in improved sleep, improved performance, and improved heart rate variability (Boudreau et al., 2013).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Circadian rhythm disturbances
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Boudreau et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The burden of chronic health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are disproportionately borne by racial/ethnic minorities and those of lower socio-economic position (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Circadian rhythm problems can also predispose individuals to adverse outcomes, especially when accompanied by long work hours.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Sleep-disordered breathing
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“They found that in fully adjusted models, insomnia symptoms were associated with a 19% increased risk of coronary heart disease and an 11% increased risk of cardiovascular events.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > Insomnia and insomnia symptoms
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sands-Lincoln et al., 2013b
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The only non-poor group to differ from the non-poor white group was non-poor black/African-Americans, who had worse sleep overall, but to a lesser degree than their poor counterparts.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakenings, non-restorative sleep, and daytime sleepiness were all reported less frequently among black/African-Americans and Mexican-Americans”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013d
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“within groups, different factors predicted shorter sleep, with stress and education playing a larger role in the non-Hispanic white group, and inflammation playing a larger role in the black/African-American group.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gamaldo et al., 2013a
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“self-reported difficulty falling asleep was reported less frequently among black/ African-Americans (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57), Mexican-Americans (OR = 0.59), and other Hispanics/ Latinos (OR = 0.73).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013d
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In models that included age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, immigrant status, income, education, access to health insurance, and household food security, the following results were found.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013d
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The non-Mexican Hispanics/Latinos were more likely to report choking/gasping during sleep and snoring, however.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013d
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“whereas others have failed to find this association (Gellis et al., 2005; Grandner et al., 2010b; Hale & Rivero-Fuentes, 2011).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and race/ethnicity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gellis et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2010b
- Not checked yetcites Hale & Rivero-Fuentes, 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This model also has implications for the development of interventions to address sleep and health.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Sleep as a domain of health behaviour
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“recent studies have shown that geography explains sleep disturbance (Grandner et al., 2012b) and insufficient sleep (Grandner et al., 2013f) in the US.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and other social/environmental factors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2012b
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013f
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Non-restorative sleep, sleepiness, snorting/gasping and snoring were all associated with lower education levels and lower food security.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and socio-economic position
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013d
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model even goes further to recognize that even these social-level factors exist in the context of larger, societal-level factors such as globalization, technology, 24/7 society, and others, which play a role in shaping social and eventually individual attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding sleep.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Sleep as a domain of health behaviour
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These models are necessary because unhealthy behaviours (such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking) are complex and resistant to change.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Developing a sleep health intervention
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Unhealthy behaviours such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are complex and resistant to change.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“With this in mind, a social-ecological model of sleep and health was recently proposed by our group (Grandner et al., 2010c), based on the social-ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner (1977).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Sleep as a domain of health behaviour
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2010c
- Not checked yetcites Bronfenbrenner (1977) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“sleep latency > 30 min was associated with less than a college education, no access to private health insurance, and marginal, low, or very low food security.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > The social and behavioural context of sleep disturbance > Sleep and socio-economic position
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grandner et al., 2013d
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One potential reason is that the data needed to frame this form of sleep as important and relevant has only been recently aggregated in a way that makes the case compelling.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Briefly, the health belief model (Champion & Skinner, 2008; Rosenstock, 1966) states that individuals will alter their behaviour based on (1) perceived risk of maintaining existing behaviour, (2) perceived benefits of the new behaviour, (3) perceived barriers in engaging in the new behaviour, (4) perceived ability to carry out the behaviour, and (5) cues to action (reminders).”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Developing a sleep health intervention
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Champion & Skinner, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Rosenstock, 1966
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The model dictates that interventions based on action should only be implemented by those who are ready to engage in that action.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Developing a sleep health intervention
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regarding insomnia, although there are several studies showing associations with cardiometabolic disease, there are still no studies investigating whether insomnia treatment improves cardiometabolic outcomes.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Does addressing sleep disturbance impact chronic disease?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite this, if sleep shares characteristics with other health behaviours, it is reasonable to suspect that a sleep intervention could have lasting impact.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Conceptualizing sleep disturbance in the context of public health > Does addressing sleep disturbance impact chronic disease?
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Less data is available for insomnia without short sleep, circadian-rhythm disorders, and general poor sleep quality, though there are a number of studies to suggest that these, too, may be associated with cardiometabolic disease.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Summary and conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If a sleep-based intervention can improve cardiometabolic health risk factors or even outcomes, this would lend further support to the notion that sleep changes are causally related to changes in cardiometabolic health.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Future directions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conceptualization may be useful in framing the role of sleep in health and may also aid in the development of some of the first interventions for poor sleep at the population level.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Summary and conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, though, sleep represents an important issue for public health.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Summary and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, evidence that minority status and lower socio-economic position is associated with poor sleep represents the majority of this literature.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Summary and conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep likely represents a major domain of health behaviour.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Future directions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These relationships seem to generally remain consistent across domains, suggesting the importance of sleep in regulating cardiometabolic function.”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Summary and conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Cardiometabolic disease can be postponed or prevented using lifestyle behavioural approaches that would likely include healthy sleep.
“Since cardiometabolic disease can be postponed or prevented using lifestyle behavioural approaches (that would likely include healthy sleep), these are the focus of this review.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For epidemiological data collections, general sleep disturbance has generally been the only way to assess sleep at a population level.
“For epidemiological data collections, this has generally been the only way to assess sleep at a population level.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep disturbances are prevalent.
“Given that these sleep disturbances are prevalent and are associated with important clinical outcomes, it is important to consider the broader public health implications.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Unhealthy behaviours such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are complex and resistant to change.
“These models are necessary because unhealthy behaviours (such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking) are complex and resistant to change.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Chronic sleep insufficiency has played a role in motor vehicle accidents, industrial disasters, medical and other occupational errors, for instance(41, 42, 47-51).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“As a common physiologic function that has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular risk behaviors [7–11], and diseases [12], sleep may be such a target.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > What do we mean by ‘sleep disturbances?’
“difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much, for at least 6 of 14 days (Grandner et al., 2012a)”
§ Addressing sleep disturbances: An opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? > Cardiometabolic disease risk associated with sleep disturbance > General sleep disturbance (non-specific)
“difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much in at least 7 of the past 14 days (assessed using the 2006 BRFSS)”
Citations
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“With this in mind, a social-ecological model of sleep and health was recently proposed by our group (Grandner et al., 2010c), based on the socialecological theory of Bronfenbrenner (1977).”
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“It should also be noted that fi nancial incentives may backfi re in that they may serve to undermine an individual ’ s intrinsic motivation to improve their health (Hagger et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2014; Moller et al., 2012, 2013; Promberger & Marteau, 2013).”
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“The transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982; Prochaska et al., 2008, 2009), briefl y, posits that behaviour change occurs on a dimension of readiness to change, which includes precontemplation (not yet thought about change), contemplation (thought but no decision to act), preparation…”
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“Short or long sleep duration and insuffi cient sleep For approximately 50 years and across approximately 50 studies, both short and long sleep duration have been associated with increased mortality risk (Cappuccio et al., 2010; Gallicchio & Kalesan, 2009; Grandner et al., 2010c).”
Background
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000678 · Cited by 4,536
(2019) · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000677 · Cited by 4,501
2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010 · Cited by 1,896
2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Executive Summary
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.009 · Cited by 1,193
Grandner, M. A. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.012 · Cited by 720
Self-citationSleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position
Grandner, M. A., Williams, N. J., Knutson, K. L., Roberts, D., & Jean-Louis, G. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020 · Cited by 481
“A number of studies have also documented adverse health outcomes associated with poor sleep quality [35].”
Epidemiology of sleep and sleep disorders in The Netherlands
KERKHOF, G. A. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.015 · Cited by 211
Sleep Duration and Diabetes Risk: Population Trends and Potential Mechanisms
Grandner, M. A., Seixas, A. A., Shetty, S., & Shenoy, S. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0805-8 · Cited by 201
Self-citationGrandner, M. A. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.001 · Cited by 188
Self-citationSleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Grandner, M. A., Alfonso-Miller, P., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Shetty, S., Shenoy, S., & Combs, D. (2016) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000324 · Cited by 166
Self-citationChildhood sleep: physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences and implications
Liu, J.-H., Ji, X., Pitt, S., Wang, G.-H., Rovit, E., Lipman, T., & Jiang, F. (2022) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-022-00647-w · Cited by 176
“, leptin, ghrelin), glucose metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers, thereby affecting cardiometabolic factors [20].”
Patterson, F., Malone, S. K., Lozano, A., Grandner, M. A., & Hanlon, A. L. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9797-5 · Cited by 144
“As a common physiologic function that has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular risk behaviors [7–11], and diseases [12], sleep may be such a target.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGrandner, M. A. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.017 · Cited by 143
Self-citationDiet and Sleep Physiology: Public Health and Clinical Implications
Frank, S. M., Gonzalez, K., Lee-Ang, L., Young, M. C., Taméz, M., & Mattei, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00393 · Cited by 128
“Therefore, current evidence suggests that the relationship between sleep duration and risk of chronic disease is J-shaped, such that “extremes of sleep duration” may better predict elevated chronic disease risk (62).”
BackgroundHui, S.-K. A., & Grandner, M. A. (2015) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000534 · Cited by 92
“Strong evidence has shown that sleep deficiency or poor sleep quality is related to many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, overweight and obesity, and chronic stress and psychological problems.(24) Only a few studies to date have examined the potential impact of poor sleep on hea…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHege, A., Lemke, M. K., Apostolopoulos, Y., & Sönmez, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207322 · Cited by 97
Jackson, C. L., Powell‐Wiley, T. M., Gaston, S. A., Andrews, M. R., Tamura, K., & Ramos, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8329 · Cited by 82
Social-ecological model of sleep health
Grandner, M. (2019) · Sleep and Health · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00005-8 · Cited by 121
Self-citationDuncan, M., Murawski, B., Short, C. E., Rebar, A. L., Schoeppe, S., Alley, S., Vandelanotte, C., & Kirwan, M. (2017) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/ijmr.6685 · Cited by 68
“This may also explain differences in the number of BCTs implemented between behaviors, as there is a richer literature on the determinants of physical activity compared with sedentary behavior and sleep [8,47-49].”
BackgroundGrandner, M. A., Smith, T. E., JACKSON, N. J., Jackson, T. D., Burgard, S. A., & Branas, C. C. (2015) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.06.003 · Cited by 69
Self-citationI sleep, because we sleep: a synthesis on the role of culture in sleep behavior research
Airhihenbuwa, C. O., Iwelunmor, J., Ezepue, C., Williams, N. J., & Jean‐Louis, G. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.07.020 · Cited by 65
“It should be noted that several scholars have highlighted the need to understand better sleep in a broader cultural context and some have developed conceptual models, which include culture as an important domain [41,42].”
BackgroundPublic health burden of sleep disorders: underreported problem
Filip, I., Tidman, M. M., Saheba, N., Bennett, H., Wick, B., Rouse, N. C., Patriche, D., & Radfar, A. (2016) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-016-0781-0 · Cited by 62
“Many other factors also play a role in affecting sleep quality including occupation, beliefs, age, living environment, and social factors (Grandner 2014).”
BackgroundLifestyle Factors and Sleep Health across the Lifespan
Dzierzewski, J. M., Sabet, S. M., Ghose, S. M., Perez, E., Soto, P. F., Ravyts, S. G., & Dautovich, N. D. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126626 · Cited by 58
“, see [1]), will allow for the expansion of our understanding of these complex associations.”
BackgroundHaycock, J., Grivell, N., Redman, A., Saini, B., Vakulin, A., Lack, L. C., Lovato, N., Sweetman, A., Zwar, N. A., Stocks, N. P., et al. (2021) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-021-01510-z · Cited by 55
Grandner, M. A. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.014 · Cited by 50
Self-citationHallgren, M. Å., Vancampfort, D., Owen, N. G., Rossell, S. L., Dunstan, D. W., Bellocco, R., & Lagerros, Y. T. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.088 · Cited by 44
Late and Instable Sleep Phasing is Associated With Irregular Eating Patterns in Eating Disorders
Mantere, O., Bourguignon, C., Crescenzi, O., Sibthorpe, D., Buyukkurt, A., Steiger, H., & Storch, K.-F. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa012 · Cited by 35
Dietary behaviors and poor sleep quality among young adult women: watch that sugary caffeine!
Young, D. R., Sidell, M. A., Grandner, M. A., Koebnick, C., & Troxel, W. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.12.006 · Cited by 43
“Good sleep quality is recognized as important for overall well-being and physical and mental health (1, 2).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHui, S.-K. A., & Grandner, M. A. (2015) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.002 · Cited by 30
“said, single-item sleep quality measures have proven useful in many previous studies (Grandner, 2014).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationSociodemographic and behavioral correlates of insufficient sleep in Australian adults
Gordon, S., Vandelanotte, C., Rayward, A. T., Murawski, B., & Duncan, M. J. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.06.002 · Cited by 31
The Sleep Regularity Questionnaire: development and initial validation
Dzierzewski, J. M., Donovan, E. K., & Sabet, S. M. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.028 · Cited by 28
The role of medical and psychosocial factors for unfavourable coronary risk factor control
Munkhaugen, J., Sverre, E., Peersen, K., Gjertsen, E., Gullestad, L. L., Moum, T., Otterstad, J. E., Perk, J., Husebye, E., & Dammen, T. (2015) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.3109/14017431.2015.1111408 · Cited by 28
The influence of sleep disordered breathing on weight loss in a national weight management program
Janney, C. A., Kilbourne, A. M., Germain, A., Lai, Z., Hoerster, K. D., Goodrich, D. E., Klingaman, E. A., Verchinina, L., & Richardson, C. R. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5318 · Cited by 26
Reproducibility of an extensive self-report questionnaire used in secondary coronary prevention
Peersen, K., Munkhaugen, J., Gullestad, L. L., Dammen, T., Moum, T., & Otterstad, J. E. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494816688375 · Cited by 27
Childhood sleep: assessments, risk factors, and potential mechanisms
Liu, J., Ji, X., Rovit, E., Pitt, S., & Lipman, T. H. (2022) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-022-00628-z · Cited by 33
“, socioecological/multilevel model [32];”
Indoor air quality and sick building syndrome in a university setting: a case study in Greece
Tsantaki, E., Smyrnakis, Ε., Constantinidis, T. C., & Benos, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1789567 · Cited by 23
“Concerning sleep problems, there is strong evidence that they are related to many chronic diseases (Grandner 2014) and that IAQ of the sleeping microenvironment may have important implications on human health and well-being (Boora 2017).”
BackgroundJakobsen, G., Gjeilo, K. H., Hjermstad, M. J., & Klepstad, P. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14163933 · Cited by 24
“The term «sleep disturbances» is used to designate insufficient or excessive sleep duration or poor self-reported sleep quality and may refer to sleep related symptoms and signs regardless of whether they fulfil criteria for specific diagnoses or not [11,12].”
BackgroundWHITESELL, P. L., Obi, J., Tamanna, N., & Sumner, A. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00140 · Cited by 22
Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Medical Conditions
Kamath, J., Prpich, G., & Jillani, S. (2015) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.07.011 · Cited by 21
Newton, A. T., & Reid, G. J. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.12.019 · Cited by 21
Butler, M. J., Spruill, T. M., Johnson, D. A., Redline, S. S., Sims, M., Jenkins, B. C., Booth, J. N., Thomas, S. J., Abdalla, M., O'Brien, E. C., et al. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.005 · Cited by 21
Comprehensive Overview of Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Plotogea, O., Ilie, M., BUNGAU, S. G., Chiotoroiu, A. L., Stănescu, A. M. A., & Diaconu, C. C. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11020142 · Cited by 18
Sleep Health in Women of Childbearing Age
Redeker, N. S. (2020) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8349 · Cited by 16
Treating insomnia disorder in the context of medical and psychiatric comorbidities
Grandner, M. A., & Perlis, M. L. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3015 · Cited by 15
Öberg, S., Johansson, L., Sandberg, J., Johansson, P., & Broström, A. (2020) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000626 · Cited by 14
“The coexistence of depression and/or anxiety in patients with CVD and poor quality of sleep is high,(35) which over time can accelerate the inflammatory processes and have a negative prognostic impact.(4,5,36) It is therefore important to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors (ie, healthy eating, physical activity, and…”
BackgroundBoyle, J. T., Nielson, S. A., Perlis, M. L., & Dzierzewski, J. M. (2024) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2024.02.005 · Cited by 12
Nozawa, S., Urushihata, K., Machida, R., & Hanaoka, M. (2021) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-021-02533-7 · Cited by 11
“Sympathetic nerve activation, a pro-inflammatory state, and insulin resistance develop in short sleepers [4].”
BackgroundReid, M. P., & Dautovich, N. D. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1978460 · Cited by 10
Duraccio, K. M., Xu, Y. Y., Beebe, D. W., Lanphear, B. P., Chen, A., Braun, J. M., Kalkwarf, H. J., Cecil, K. M., & Yolton, K. A. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad318 · Cited by 10
Predictors of Early Nap Cessation: Longitudinal Findings from a Large Study of Young Children
Newton, A. T., Tremblay, P. F., Batterink, L. J., & Reid, G. J. (2022) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100054 · Cited by 10
Swierzbiolek, B., Oldenhof, E., Byrne, J. E. M., & Staiger, P. K. (2024) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp.2023.0310 · Cited by 8
Metabolomics of sleep disorders in HIV: a narrative review
Balthazar, M. S., Diallo, I., & Pak, V. M. (2020) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01993-2 · Cited by 7
“The consequences of poor sleep among PLWH are significant and have been associated with lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts which is a strong predictor of AIDS-related mortality, [20] and increased cardiovascular mortality [21], which is now one of the leading causes of death among PLWH [22].”
BackgroundHousing well-being and sleep in Australia
Edmed, S. L., Huda, M. M., Alam, M. A., Pattinson, C. L., Rossa, K. R., Soleimanloo, S. S., & Smith, S. S. (2025) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.02.001 · Cited by 5
Knowlden, A. P., Higginbotham, J. C., Grandner, M. A., & Allegrante, J. P. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/27139 · Cited by 5
“of the socioecological model of sleep (societal, social, and individual) developed by Grandner et al [12,33] will be completed by participants.”
InfluentialSelf-citationLu, C., & Liang, J. (2022) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2022.2120259 · Cited by 5
“Similar findings from existing studies also show that heavy work schedules may cause poor sleep quality and metabolic disorders in bus drivers [37,38], which in turn lead to cardiovascular disease [39].”
ResultMatricciani, L., Paquet, C., Dumuid, D., Lushington, K., & Olds, T. (2022) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106221137896 · Cited by 7
Cardiovascular Disease and Sleep
Matsumoto, H., & Kasai, T. (2017) · Juntendō Igaku/Juntendo igaku · doi:10.14789/jmj.63.435 · Cited by 5
An, K., Wu, Z., Zhang, L., Li, Y., An, Z., & Li, S. (2024) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02615-x · Cited by 6
“In BMC Primary Care † Zhenmei An, Shuangqing Li these authors have contributed equally to this work. addition, chronic insomnia is frequently associated with cardiometabolic diseases [11] and psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety [7, 12].”
BackgroundHow Are You Sleeping? Why Nutrition Professionals Should Ask Their Patients About Sleep Habits
Du, C., Tucker, R. M., & Yang, C. (2022) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/07315724.2022.2025547 · Cited by 4
Investigating the Effects of Social Media Usage on Sleep Quality
Kaimal, D., Sajja, R. T., & Sasangohar, F. (2017) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601814 · Cited by 4
Newton, A. T., & Reid, G. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2024.1351660 · Cited by 3
“We conceptualized children’s nap behavior with the socio-ecological model (Jenni and O’Connor, 2005; Grandner, 2014).”
Treatment preferences and help seeking experiences of Australian adults with insomnia
Haycock, J., Lack, L. C., Hoon, E. A., Sweetman, A., Appleton, S., Loffler, K. A., Scott, H., & Lovato, N. (2025) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2025.2534388 · Cited by 3
“…life and is associated with a reduced ability to participate in work and other daily tasks, increased risks of industrial or vehicle accidents and cardiometabolic diseases (Bickley et al., 2021; Deloitte Access Economics, 2017; Fernandez-Mendoza & Vgontzas, 2013; Grandner, 2014; Hoon et al., 2021).”
Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., Coelho, J., Touhami, K. O., & Philip, P. (2020) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52663-4_17 · Cited by 8
La santé du sommeil en psychiatrie : à la croisée de la physiologie et de la santé publique
Coelho, J., Quilès, C., Geoffroy, P. A., & Micoulaud‐Franchi, J. (2022) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2022.07.013 · Cited by 6
Rajini, B., Mirza, M., Shareefa, M., & Samina, S. (2023) · Asian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3126/ajms.v14i12.57701 · Cited by 3
Bogaert, L., Willems, I., Calders, P., Dirinck, E. L., Kinaupenne, M., Decraene, M., Lapauw, B., Strumane, B., Daele, M. V., Verbestel, V., et al. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102995 · Cited by 2
Metascience in Dentistry and Medicine
Chiappelli, F., Tamkin, J., & Giordano, G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10646-0_1 · Cited by 2
Sleep Loss and Neuronal Stress
Naidoo, N. N. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2814-5_3 · Cited by 3
Cluster Analysis of Sleep Health and Lifestyle Data Using Ward Algorithm and Euclidean Distance
SHONIA, M. I., Megawati, N. Y., Gunardi, G., et al. (2024) · The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics · doi:10.55549/epstem.1593511 · Cited by 1
Indoor allergen exposure in relation to sleep health among US adults
Murkey, J. A., Wilkerson, J., Salo, P. M., Thorne, P. S., Zeldin, D. C., & Jackson, C. L. (2025) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global · doi:10.1016/j.jacig.2025.100441 · Cited by 1
Rostampour, K., Sarebanhassanabadi, M., Bidaki, R., Seyedhosseini, S. M., Vasmehjani, A. A., Mohyadini, M., Mirjalili, F. S., & Salehi‐Abargouei, A. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01082-6 · Cited by 1
“Various factors, including job status, age, educational level, household income, and residential area, influence sleep quality and quantity [12].”
Social-ecological model of sleep health
Grandner, M. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00011-5 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSleep Loss and the Unfolded Protein Response
Naidoo, N. N. (2022) · Translational medicine research · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2168-2_7 · Cited by 3
Lack of direct association between viral hepatitis and sleep disturbances
Lin, S.-J., Tang, S.-C. J., Lee, Y.-C., Liu, T., Huang, T.-C., Yu, R., & Tan, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.951762 · Cited by 2
Shen, C., Wang, H., Djiotsop, A. N., Wiener, R. C., Pathak, M., Mitra, S., Findley, P. A., & Sambamoorthi, U. (2025) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121251317912 · Cited by 1
“64 One key strength of our study is the use of an objective measure for MCI, along with longitudinal data from a robust, nationally representative database.”
A REVIEW OF DIABETES RISK AND SLEEP DURATION: TRENDS IN THE POPULATION AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS.
Shankar, A. (2023) · Student s Journal of Health Research Africa · doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v4i6.499
5) Cardiovascular Disease and Sleep
Kasai, T. (2016) · Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.2169/naika.105.108b
To Explore the Impact of Medical Education on Sleep Quality toward Quality of Life
Luo, Y., Hu, Z., & Xu, F. Z. (2018) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/90629
“Grandner (2014) covered physiological health, psychological state, independency, social relationship, personal belief, and environment in such perception.”
BackgroundSleep and the impact of caffeine, supplements, and other stimulants
Chaudhary, N. S., Pitale, P. M., & Mondesir, F. L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00023-x · Cited by 1
Beyond the absence of sleep disorder: spotlighting the cardiovascular benefits of sleep health
Simon, J. E. (2022) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220002 · Cited by 2
“The associations between shift work and metabolic risk factors for CVD - hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity - are well-documented 37 , as is the increased incidence of acute CV events among this fraction of the workforce 38 .”
BackgroundInfluentialCalidad del sueño en estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Científica del Sur
Chinchay, K. D. P. B., & Ortiz, A. R. T. (2022) · Universidad Científica del Sur · doi:10.21142/tl.2022.2501
Sleep Disorders and Sleep Concerns
Grandner, M. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08364-8_5
Self-citationAho, K. M., Daugherty, M., Staples, A. D., Esposito, E. A., & Lawler, J. M. (2023) · Adoption Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10926755.2023.2217815
“…a broad term that can include diagnosable or subclinical sleep difficulties across a number of domains including bed-time resistance, sleep duration, parasomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, night waking, daytime sleepiness, sleep anxiety, and sleep onset delay (Grandner, 2014; Owens et al., 2000b).”
ปจจยคดสรรทสมพนธกบภาวะซมเศราในผปวยกลมอาการกลามเนอหวใจขาดเลอดเฉยบพลน โรงพยาบาลทวไป
โอฬารวัฒน์, เ., & จิตปัญญา, ช. (2018) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2018.955
Social Jetlag and Heuristic Analyst ForecastsPreprint
Jannati, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4699310
Scott, H., Gehrman, P., & Perlis, M. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197602751.013.17
Sleep and the impact of caffeine, energy supplements, and other stimulants
Chaudhary, N. S., Pitale, P. M., & Mondesir, F. L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00032-2
Sleep–Wake Disturbances in Patients With Chronic Pain—Associations With Physical Activity Levels
Varkey, E., Olsson, M., Piasecki, A., Hedner, J., Grote, L., Börjesson, M., Arvidsson, D., & Andréll, P. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70330
“An estimated 40%–88% of patients with chronic pain report sleep–wake disturbances (Jain et al. 2024), manifesting as disruptions in sleep quality, quantity, or timing, as well as increased daytime sleepiness and fatigue (Grandner 2014).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Grandner, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grandner, Michael A.
- ORCID
- Grandner, Michael A.
- Venue
- International Review of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 155-176
- ISSN
- 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1627
- PMC
- PMC4143456
- OpenAlex
- W2163768179
- Semantic Scholar
- 851a88e1f69a8b97d67414947e38874dfd5ed025
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 344
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000003)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL110216)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES022931)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024134)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, cardiometabolic disease, insufficient sleep duration, sleep quality, insomnia, circadian rhythm disruption, sleep-disordered breathing, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, prevention
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors
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