Cited by 184Exercise and Physiological ResponsesRedox biology and oxidative stressNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Redefining the major contributors to superoxide production in contracting skeletal muscle. The role of NAD(P)H oxidases

Sakellariou, G. K., Jackson, M. J., Vasilaki, A.·2014·Free Radical Research

Abstract

The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by skeletal muscle is important as it (i) underlies oxidative damage in many degenerative muscle pathologies and (ii) plays multiple regulatory roles by fulfilling important cellular functions. Superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) are the primary radical species produced by skeletal muscle and studies in the early 1980s demonstrated that their generation is augmented during contractile activity. Over the past 30 years considerable research has been undertaken to identify the major sites that contribute to the increased rate of RONS generation in response to contractions. It is widely accepted that NO is regulated by the nitric oxide synthases, however the sites that modulate changes in superoxide during exercise remain unclear. Despite the initial indications that the mitochondrial electron transport chain was the predominant source of superoxide during activity, with the development of analytical methods a number of alternative potential sites have been identified including the NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases linked to the activity of the phospholipase A2 enzymes. In the present review we outline the subcellular sites that modulate intracellular changes in superoxide in skeletal muscle and based on the available experimental evidence in the literature we conclude that the NAD(P)H oxidases are likely to be the major superoxide generating sources in contracting skeletal muscle.

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Crossref · 10.3109/10715762.2013.830718

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  • The two NOXs may be differentially localized in skeletal muscle, with the catalytic subunit of NOX2 localizing to the plasma membrane and transverse tubules and NOX4 to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules, and the inner mitochondrial membrane.

    “Moreover, the two NOXs may be differentially localized in skeletal muscle, with the catalytic subunit of NOX2 localizing to the plasma membrane and transverse tubules and NOX4 to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules, and the inner mitochondrial membrane (21, 26).”

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Authors
Sakellariou, G. K., Jackson, M. J., & Vasilaki, A.
Affiliations
University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author
Vasilaki, A.
Venue
Free Radical Research
Published
2013-10-07
Volume
48
Issue
1
Pages
12-29
ISSN
  • 1029-2470 (ISSN-L)
  • 1071-5762
OpenAlex
W2062048222
Cited by
184
References
184
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Free Radical Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K006312/1)
  • National Institute on Aging (: AG-20591, P01AG020591)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
superoxide production, skeletal muscle contraction, NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2, physical activity, oxidative stress
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Superoxides, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Muscle, Skeletal, NADPH Oxidases

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