Cited by 193Treatment of Major DepressionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the long-term action of antidepressants.

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Racagni, Giorgio, Popoli, Maurizio·2008·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

Abstract

The hypotheses on the pathophysiology of depression/mood disorders and on antidepressant mechanisms have greatly changed in recent years. The classical monoamine hypothesis was revealed to be simplistic, in that it could not explain the temporal delay in the therapeutic action of antidepressants. Converging lines of evidence have shown that adaptive changes in the several mechanisms of neuroplasticity are likely to be the cellular and molecular correlates of therapeutic effect. In this article, several mechanisms of neuroplasticity are analyzed in relation to the mechanism of antidepressants, ranging from changes in gene expression (including neurotrophic mechanisms), to synaptic transmission and plasticity, and neurogenesis. We propose that the current version of the hypothesis of antidepressant mechanism simply be called the "hypothesis of neuroplasticity". In the final section, we also briefly review the main current novel strategies in the pharmacology of depression and the new putative targets for antidepressants, with particular emphasis on nonmonoaminergic mechanisms.

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Crossref · 10.31887/dcns.2008.10.4/gracagni

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  • Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs all increase synaptic levels of monoamines in the brain within minutes, while it takes weeks before the antidepressant effects become apparent.

    “Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs all increase synaptic levels of monoamines in the brain within minutes, while it takes weeks before the antidepressant effects become apparent (Figure 1) (4, 9).”

    From Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness. (2021) · cites this paper as [4]

    The “Monoamine hypothesis of depression: inconsistencies” section supports the contrast between increased synaptic monoamine availability and an antidepressant effect that takes several weeks. It says monoamine availability increases in a matter of hours, however, not within minutes. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • The primary issue with the monoamine hypothesis of depression lies in the temporal discrepancy between the acute effects of traditional antidepressants and their delayed therapeutic responses.

    “the primary issue with the monoamine hypothesis of depression lies in the temporal discrepancy between the acute effects of traditional antidepressants and their delayed therapeutic responses”

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [2]Olesen J. Baker MG. Freund T. et al. Consensus document on European brain research. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 77(suppl 1) i1 i49 16845120 PMC3284269
  2. [6]Riederer P. Lachenmayer L. Laux G. Clinical applications of MAOinhibitors. Curr Med Chem. 2004 11 2033 2043 15279566
  3. [36]Malberg JE. Blendy JA. Antidepressant action: to the nucleus and beyond. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005 26 631 638 16246434
  4. [60]Rajkowska G. Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Wei J. et al. Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 45 1085 1098 10331101
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  6. [102]Maeng S. Zarate CA Jr. Du J. et al. Cellular mechanisms underlying t tidepressant effects of ketamine: role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy- thylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 63 349 35 17643398

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Authors
Racagni, G., & Popoli, M.
Affiliations
University of Milan (IT)
Corresponding author
Popoli, Maurizio
Venue
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Published
2008-12-31
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
385-400
ISSN
  • 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1958-5969
OpenAlex
W2095618681
Cited by
192
References
125
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI
7.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
antidepressants, depression, mood disorders, neuroplasticity, antidepressant mechanism, monoamine hypothesis, gene expression, neurotrophic factors, synaptic plasticity, synaptic transmission, neurogenesis
MeSH terms
Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Biogenic Monoamines, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Cell Proliferation

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