Programming of stress-related behavior and epigenetic neural gene regulation in mice offspring through maternal exposure to predator odor
Open accessAbstract
Perinatal stress mediated through the mother can lead to long-term alterations in stress-related phenotypes in offspring. The capacity for adaptation to adversity in early life depends in part on the life history of the animal. This study was designed to examine the behavioral and neural response in adult offspring to prenatal exposure to predator odor: an ethologically-relevant psychological stressor. Pregnant mice were exposed daily to predator odors or distilled water control over the second half of the pregnancy. Predator odor exposure lead to a transient decrease in maternal care in the mothers. As adults, the offspring of predator odor-exposed mothers showed increased anti-predator behavior, a predator-odor induced decrease in activity and, in female offspring, an increased corticosterone (CORT) response to predator odor exposure. We found a highly specific response among stress-related genes within limbic brain regions. Transcript abundance of Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) was elevated in the amygdala in adult female offspring of predator odor-exposed mothers. In the hippocampus of adult female offspring, decreased Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcript abundance was correlated with a site-specific decrease in DNA methylation in Bdnf exon IV, indicating the potential contribution of this epigenetic mechanism to maternal programming by maternal predator odor exposure. These data indicate that maternal predator odor exposure alone is sufficient to induce an altered stress-related phenotype in adulthood, with implications for anti-predator behavior in offspring.
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Adverse experiences during the perinatal period have been linked to methylation changes in the NR3C1, which are associated with long-term diseases.
“Adverse experiences during the perinatal period have been linked to methylation changes in the NR3C1, which are associated with long-term diseases.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Research has identified over 700 genes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus that are differentially expressed following prenatal stress.
“Research has identified over 700 genes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus that are differentially expressed following prenatal stress.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Hypermethylation under stressful conditions suggests a mechanism through which prenatal stress can program future health risks.
“Hypermethylation under stressful conditions suggests a mechanism through which prenatal stress can program future health risks [23,57].”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- St-Cyr, S., & McGowan, P. O.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McGowan, Patrick O.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2015-06-01
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 145-145
- ISSN
- 1662-5153 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4450170
- OpenAlex
- W1494806802
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- prenatal stress, maternal programming, predator odor, antipredator behavior, maternal care, CRHR1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation, amygdala, hippocampus, limbic system, life history
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