Cited by 126Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

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The brain’s best friend: microglial neurotoxicity revisited

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Hellwig, Sabine, Heinrich, Annette, Biber, Knut·2013·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fncel.2013.00071PMC PMC3655268

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Abstract

One long standing aspect of microglia biology was never questioned; their involvement in brain disease. Based on morphological changes (retracted processes and amoeboid shape) that inevitably occur in these cells in case of damage in the central nervous system, microglia in the diseased brain were called "activated." Because "activated" microglia were always found in direct neighborhood to dead or dying neuron, and since it is known now for more than 20 years that cultured microglia release numerous factors that are able to kill neurons, microglia "activation" was often seen as a neurotoxic process. From an evolutionary point of view, however, it is difficult to understand why an important, mostly post-mitotic and highly vulnerable organ like the brain would host numerous potential killers. This review is aimed to critically reconsider the term microglia neurotoxicity and to discuss experimental problems around microglia biology, that often have led to the conclusion that microglia are neurotoxic cells.

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““fncel-07-00071” — 2013/5/20 — 11:49 — page 1 — #1 REVIEW ARTICLE published: 16 May 2013 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00071 The brain’s best friend: microglial neurotoxicity revisited”
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Authors: Hellwig, S., Heinrich, A., & Biber, K.
Affiliations: University of Freiburg (DE)
University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author: Biber, Knut
ORCID: Hellwig, Sabine
Biber, Knut
Venue: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2013
Volume: 7
Pages: 71-71
ISSN: 1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00071
PMC: PMC3655268
OpenAlex: W2030448361
Cited by: 126
References: 173
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 9.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BI 668/2-2, BI 668/5-1, DFG BI 668/5-1)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: microglia, microglial neurotoxicity, microglial activation, microglial morphology, amoeboid microglia, neuroinflammation, brain disorders

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The brain’s best friend: microglial neurotoxicity revisited

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