The hippocampus and inferential reasoning: building memories to navigate future decisions
Open accessAbstract
A critical aspect of inferential reasoning is the ability to form relationships between items or events that were not experienced together. This review considers different perspectives on the role of the hippocampus in successful inferential reasoning during both memory encoding and retrieval. Intuitively, inference can be thought of as a logical process by which elements of individual existing memories are retrieved and recombined to answer novel questions. Such flexible retrieval is sub-served by the hippocampus and is thought to require specialized hippocampal encoding mechanisms that discretely code events such that event elements are individually accessible from memory. In addition to retrieval-based inference, recent research has also focused on hippocampal processes that support the combination of information acquired across multiple experiences during encoding. This mechanism suggests that by recalling past events during new experiences, connections can be created between newly formed and existing memories. Such hippocampally mediated memory integration would thus underlie the formation of networks of related memories that extend beyond direct experience to anticipate future judgments about the relationships between items and events. We also discuss integrative encoding in the context of emerging evidence linking the hippocampus to the formation of schemas as well as prospective theories of hippocampal function that suggest memories are actively constructed to anticipate future decisions and actions.
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The anterior portion of the hippocampus is associated with relational processes that contribute to the ability to integrate memory details across experiences.
“In particular, the anterior portion of the hippocampus is associated with relational processes (77–79) that contribute to the ability to integrate memory details across experiences (80).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [80]
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St. Jacques, P. L., Olm, C., & Schacter, D. L. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319630110 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Klein, S. B. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1007150 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wang, J. X., Cohen, N. J., & Voss, J. L. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.003 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Retrieval-based model accounts for striking profile of episodic memory and generalization
Banino, A., Koster, R., Hassabis, D., & Kumaran, D. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31330 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zeithamova, D., Schlichting, M. L., & Preston, A. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Preston, Alison R.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 70-70
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3312239
- OpenAlex
- W2001562084
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (CAREER)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH094085)
- Army Research Office (55830- LS-YIP)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- hippocampus, inferential reasoning, memory encoding, memory retrieval, memory integration, schema formation, prospective memory, memory construction, decision-making
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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