Regenerated sciatic nerve axons stimulated through a chronically implanted macro-sieve electrode
Open accessAbstract
Sieve electrodes provide a chronic interface for stimulating peripheral nerve axons. Yet, successful utilization requires robust axonal regeneration through the implanted electrode. The present study determined the effect of large transit zones in enhancing axonal regeneration and revealed an intimate neural interface with an implanted sieve electrode. Fabrication of the polyimide sieve electrodes employed sacrificial photolithography. The manufactured macro-sieve electrode (MSE) contained nine large transit zones with areas of ~0.285 mm2 surrounded by eight Pt-Ir metallized electrode sites. Prior to implantation, saline or glial derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) was injected into nerve guidance silicone-conduits with or without a MSE. The MSE assembly or a nerve guidance conduit was implanted between transected ends of the sciatic nerve in adult male Lewis rats. At 3 months’ post-operation, fiber counts were similar through both implant types. Likewise, stimulation of nerves regenerated through a MSE or an open silicone conduit evoked comparable muscle forces. These results showed that nerve regeneration was comparable through MSE transit zones and an open conduit. GDNF had a minimal positive effect on the quality and morphology of fibers regenerating through the MSE; thus, the MSE may reduce reliance on GDNF to augment axonal regeneration. Selective stimulation of several individual muscles was achieved through monopolar stimulation of individual electrodes sites suggesting that the MSE might be an optimal platform for functional neuromuscular stimulation.
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A small amount of pores makes it possible to create relatively large transit zones, resulting in faster regeneration.
“A small amount of pores makes it possible to create relatively large transit zones, which results in faster regeneration (MacEwan et al., 2016).”
From Update on Peripheral Nerve Electrodes for Closed-Loop Neuroprosthetics (2018) · cites this paper as MacEwan et al., 2016
The Abstract describes a macro-sieve electrode with nine large transit zones, and the Introduction contrasts it with earlier electrodes containing hundreds of small holes. But the Conclusions report regeneration comparable to that through empty conduits, not faster regeneration; the cited paper does not establish that fewer pores increased the regeneration rate. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn vivo experiments have shown fascicles regenerated through the regenerative electrode for every implant, after which stable long-term recording or stimulation up to 3 months was possible.
“However, in vivo experiments have been performed in which the fascicles regenerated through the electrode for every implant after which stable long term recording or stimulation (up to 3 months) was possible (Musick et al., 2015; MacEwan et al., 2016).”
From Update on Peripheral Nerve Electrodes for Closed-Loop Neuroprosthetics (2018) · cites this paper as MacEwan et al., 2016
The Discussion (Viability of the macro-sieve electrode design; page not provided) reports widespread nerve regeneration through the implanted electrodes and chronic stability of the assemblies. The Methods (Surgical procedures) place terminal testing at 3 months, but the Results (Electrical activation of re-innervated musculature) say only three-quarters of implanted electrodes effectively recruited muscle. The paper therefore does not establish stable recording or stimulation through every implant for the full 3 months. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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- Authors
- MacEwan, M. R., Zellmer, E. R., Wheeler, J. J., Burton, H., & Moran, D. W.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moran, Daniel W.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-12-08
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 557-557
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5143347
- OpenAlex
- W2560020984
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR0011-15-2-0007)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- peripheral nerve stimulation, axon regeneration, sciatic nerve, nerve conduits, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, polyimide electrodes, neural interfaces, functional electrical stimulation, monopolar stimulation, muscle force
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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