Cuff electrodes for chronic stimulation and recording of peripheral nerve activity
Abstract
A comparative study of 5 different designs of nerve cuff electrodes was undertaken to determine their relative merits for stimulating and recording whole-nerve activity over extended periods of chronic implantation on large and small peripheral nerves in 8 cats. Four of the designs represent novel fabrication strategies, including 2 based on flexible, thin-film substrates and 2 based on dip-coating silicone elastomer on a cylindrical mandrel. Various advantages and shortcomings of these materials and designs are discussed in the context of the biophysical factors that influence these electrophysiological interfaces, particularly the problem of recording microvolt-level neurograms in the presence of millivolt-level electromyograms from adjacent muscles in freely behaving subjects. The most effective design was one in which a thin sheath of silicone rubber was wrapped around and intra-operatively sealed to a longitudinally slit, tripolar cuff made by dip-coating silicone over stranded stainless steel leads that were prepositioned on a mandrel using polyvinyl alcohol as a temporary adhesive. When properly installed, these electrodes had stable impedances, recruitment thresholds and relatively interference-free recording properties for the duration of this study (up to 9 weeks).
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Nerve electrodes implanted adjacent to, around, or within a peripheral nerve trunk or spinal root reduce the stimulus intensity required for activation compared with muscular or surface electrodes, thereby decreasing hazardous electrochemical processes and power consumption.
“Due to the proximity to the nerve, the stimulus intensity required for activation is reduced in comparison with muscular or surface electrodes and, consequently, hazardous electrochemical processes and power consumption of the stimulator system can be decreased”
From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Loeb and Peck, 1996
Neuromuscular stimulating electrodes should provide stimulation below the charge-carrying capacity and density that induce reversible electrochemical processes and axonal damage.
“Neuromuscular stimulating electrodes should provide stimulation below the charge-carrying capacity and density that induce reversible electrochemical processes and axonal damage”
From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Loeb and Peck, 1996
Cuff electrodes confine the stimulating current to the inner space of the electrode, avoiding stimulation of neighboring nerves and tissues.
“Cuff electrodes placed around the nerves have several advantages compared with surface, intramuscular, and epimysial electrodes: they allow for correct positioning of electrode leads to minimize mechanical distortion and lead failure, and the stimulating current is confined to the inner space of the electrode, thus avoiding the stimulation of other neighboring nerves and tissues (Loeb and Peck, 19”
From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Loeb and Peck, 1996
Cuff electrodes allow correct positioning of electrode leads to minimize mechanical distortion and lead failure.
“Cuff electrodes placed around the nerves have several advantages compared with surface, intramuscular, and epimysial electrodes: they allow for correct positioning of electrode leads to minimize mechanical distortion and lead failure, and the stimulating current is confined to the inner space of the electrode, thus avoiding the stimulation of other neighboring nerves and tissues (Loeb and Peck, 19”
From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Loeb and Peck, 1996
Extrafascicular electrodes such as nerve cuff electrodes transduce signals with amplitudes below 20 μVpp.
“In addition, the signals transduced by extrafascicular electrodes, such as nerve cuff electrodes, have amplitudes less than 20 µVpp [41, 75, 127, 138].”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
Because of noise constraints, PNS electrophysiological recordings are mostly done with commercial bench-top low-noise amplifier setups that require tethering the subject.
“Due to the noise constraints placed on recording instrumentation, electrophysiological recordings from the PNS are largely performed using commercial bench-top low-noise amplifier setups [75, 82, 109] that require subjects to be tethered to the equipment.”
From Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
Extraneural interfaces leave the nerve intact but usually target several bundles of axons or fascicles within it, hence offer lower selectivity.
“Extraneural interfaces leave the nerve intact but usually target several bundles of axons or fascicles within it, hence offer lower selectivity.”
From Realizing flexible bioelectronic medicines for accessing the peripheral nerves – technology considerations (2018) · cites this paper as Loeb and Peck 1996
Nerve electrodes implanted in previous studies have induced inflammation around the nerve causing device degradation and failure, limiting functionality in small animals due to mechanical damage and nerve injury.
“In addition, nerve electrodes implanted in previous studies have induced inflammation around the nerve causing device degradation and failure, limiting the functionality in small animals due to mechanical damage and nerve injury [14].”
From A novel flexible cuff-like microelectrode for dual purpose, acute and chronic electrical interfacing with the mouse cervical vagus nerve (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Loeb, G. E., & Peck, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Loeb, G.E.
- ORCID
- Loeb, G.E.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-103
- ISSN
- 0165-0270 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2163710888
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-NS-3-2380)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- cuff electrodes, peripheral nerve stimulation, peripheral nerve recording, chronic implantation, thin film substrates, electromyographic interference, electrode impedance, recruitment threshold, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Electromyography, Electrophysiology, Equipment Design, Evoked Potentials, Muscles, Peripheral Nerves, Silicone Elastomers, Time Factors
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