Cited by 61Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Controllability Modulates the Anticipatory Response in the Human Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

Open access
Kerr, Deborah L., McLaren, Donald G., Mathy, Robin M., Nitschke, Jack B.·2012·Frontiers in Psychology

Abstract

Research has consistently shown that control is critical to psychological functioning, with perceived lack of control considered to play a crucial role in the manifestation of symptoms in psychiatric disorders. In a model of behavioral control based on non-human animal work, Maier et al. (2006) posited that the presence of control activates areas of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which in turn inhibit the normative stress response in the dorsal raphe nucleus and amygdala. To test Maier's model in humans, we investigated the effects of control over potent aversive stimuli by presenting video clips of snakes to 21 snake phobics who were otherwise healthy with no comorbid psychopathologies. Based on prior research documenting that disrupted neural processing during the anticipation of adverse events can be influenced by different forms of cognitive processing such as perceptions of control, analyses focused on the anticipatory activity preceding the videos. We found that phobics exhibited greater vmPFC activity during the anticipation of snake videos when they had control over whether the videos were presented as compared to when they had no control over the presentation of the videos. In addition, observed functional connectivity between the vmPFC and the amygdala is consistent with previous work documenting vmPFC inhibition of the amygdala. Our results provide evidence to support the extension of Maier's model of behavioral control to include anticipatory function in humans.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00557

Cites

76 of 80 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In Kerr et al., vmPFC activity was selectively higher on controllable snake trials than other conditions; control did not increase vmPFC activity on neutral fish trials.

    “Importantly, there was one condition that selectively excited ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity – snake controllable trials. Control did not increase ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity on neutral fish trials, even though the subjects pressed. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity was higher on controllable snake trials than in any of the other conditions.”

    From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Kerr et al. (2012)

    The Results (fMRI activation results; page unavailable) report greater anticipatory vmPFC activation for controllable than uncontrollable snake trials, but no significant vmPFC difference between controllable and uncontrollable fish trials. They do not establish that vmPFC activity on controllable snake trials was higher than in every other individual condition; the reported snake-versus-fish vmPFC comparison collapses across controllability. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In Kerr et al., there was a negative relationship between vmPFC and amygdala activity on snake trials.

    “Finally, there was a negative relationship between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala activity on snake trials.”

    From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Kerr et al. (2012)

    The Results (fMRI context-dependent connectivity/gPPI results; page unavailable) report vmPFC–amygdala connectivity during anticipation of snake videos, including greater connectivity for controllable snake than controllable fish trials. They do not report a negative relationship between the regions’ activity on snake trials. The Discussion also cautions that PPI cannot conclusively establish the direction of their association. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In Kerr et al. (2012), perceived control over snake presentation reduced anticipatory anxiety on snake trials.

    “As expected, perceived control over the snake presentation reduced anticipatory anxiety on snake trials.”

    From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Kerr, McLaren, Mathy, and Nitschke (2012)

    The Introduction (page unavailable) describes controllable and uncontrollable snake-video trials, and the Abstract reports greater anticipatory vmPFC activity when participants had control. The copy does not report that perceived control reduced anticipatory anxiety on snake trials; its reported finding is a difference in neural activity, not a measured reduction in anxiety. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Freud S. (1936). The Problem of Anxiety, trans. Huxley Bunker Alden New York: Psychoanalytic Quarterly Press
  2. Talairach J. Tournoux P. (1988). Co-Planar Sterotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers
  3. Weiss J. M. (1991). “Stress-induced depression: critical neurochemical and electrophysiological changes,” in Neurobiology of Learning, Emotion, and Affect, ed. Madden I. (New York: Raven Press), 123– 154

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kerr, D. L., McLaren, D. G., Mathy, R. M., & Nitschke, J. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Central Oregon Community College (US)
Corresponding author
Kerr, Deborah L.
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Published
2012
Volume
3
Pages
557-557
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2135978520
Cited by
61
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • Waisman Center (HD03352)
  • National Institutes of Health (5k02mh082130-05)
  • National Institute on Aging (K23AG027171, P01AG036694)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K02‑MH082130, P30-HD03352, R01MH074847, K08MH063984, R01-MH74847, K08-MH63984)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD03352, AG027171, HD03352)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD003352)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
perceived control, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anticipatory processing, snake phobia, amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus, aversive stimuli, functional connectivity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review