Toward a mature science of consciousness
Open accessAbstract
In \textit{Being No One}, Thomas \citet{Metzinger2003being} introduces an approach to the scientific study of consciousness that draws on theories and results from different disciplines, targeted at multiple levels of analysis. Descriptions and assumptions formulated at, for instance, the phenomenological, representationalist, and neurobiological levels of analysis provide different perspectives on the same phenomenon, which can ultimately yield necessary and sufficient conditions for applying the concept of phenomenal representation. In this way, the ``method of interdisciplinary constraint satisfaction (MICS)'' (as it has been called by Josh Weisberg, \citeyear{Weisberg2005consciousness}) promotes our understanding of consciousness. However, even more than a decade after the first publication of \textit{Being No One}, we still lack a mature science of consciousness. This paper makes the following meta-theoretical contribution: It analyzes the hurdles an approach such as MICS has yet to overcome and discusses to what extent existing approaches solve the problems left open by MICS. Furthermore, it argues that a unifying theory of different features of consciousness is required to reach a mature science of consciousness.
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The lack of consensus about the relevant phenomena for a scientific theory of consciousness is likely a product of vastly divergent intuitions about which features of mental life should be included within a scientific conception of consciousness.
“This lack of consensus is perhaps somewhat surprising given our own intimate acquaintance with conscious experience (Chalmers, 1996; Wiese, 2018), but likely a product of vastly divergent intuitions about which features of mental life should be included within a scientific conception of consciousness (and how they ought to be operationalised for scientific investigation; Irvine, 2017; Phillips, 20”
From Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review (2026) · cites this paper as Wiese, 2018
Although the findings of a few experiments are seldom sufficient to definitively refute an entire theory, such data are expected to inform the debate (and future research) by clarifying which theory enjoys the most empirical support.
“Although the findings of a few experiments are seldom sufficient to definitively refute an entire theory -perhaps no bad thing considering the relative immaturity of consciousness science (Evers et al., 2024; Negro et al., 2024; Wiese, 2018) -such data are expected to inform the debate (and future research) by clarifying which theory enjoys the most empirical support (Corcoran et al., 2023).”
From Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review (2026) · cites this paper as Wiese, 2018
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wiese, W.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wiese, Wanja
- ORCID
- Wiese, Wanja
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-05-29
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 693-693
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5986937
- OpenAlex
- W2800791222
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- consciousness, levels of analysis, phenomenology, representationalism, neuroscience of consciousness, Thomas Metzinger
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