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Mindfulness, age and gender as protective factors against psychological distress during Covid-19 pandemic.
Open accessAbstract
Objective Mindfulness disposition is associated with various psychological factors and prevents emotional distress in chronic diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the key role of mindfulness dispositions in protecting the individual against psychological distress consequent to COVID-19 social distancing and quarantining. Methods An online survey was launched on March 13, 2020, with 6,412 responses by April 6, 2020. Socio-demographic information, exposure to the pandemic, and quarantining were assessed together with psychological distress and mindfulness disposition. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to study the influence of predictive factors on psychological distress and quality of life in Italian responders during the early days of lockdown. Pearson correlations were calculated to study the relationship between mindfulness and psychiatric symptoms. Results Multivariate linear regression run on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related variables, and mindfulness disposition as moderators of overall psychological distress showed that mindfulness was the best predictor of psychological distress (β = −0.504; p < 0.0001). High negative correlations were found between mindfulness disposition and the overall Global Severity Index (r = −0.637; p < 0.0001), while moderate to high associations were found between mindfulness and all SCL-90 sub-scales. Discussion Findings showed that high dispositional mindfulness enhances well-being and helps in dealing with stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness-based mental training could represent an effective intervention to stem post-traumatic psychopathological beginnings and prevent the onset of chronic mental disorders.
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“Studies have found that trait mindfulness was negatively associated with overall psychological distress (including depression and anxiety) during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–April 2020) in Italian adults (Conversano et al., 2020), as well as in American college students (Dillard & Meier, 2021).”
From The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as Conversano et al., 2020
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“participants who scored lower on mindfulness traits reported higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms (23)”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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“A web-based survey of a sample of about 6,000 Italians showed that, during the lockdown, increased levels of mindfulness correlated with decreased levels of distress, and were negatively correlated with the Symptom Checklist [SCL-90; (27)] subscales”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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“Previous studies conducted during the first stage of lockdown reported that high levels of mindfulness are associated with lower levels of distress (23)”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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“Mindfulness is a stable protector against pandemic-related distress [61]; it also reduces levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion and improves harm avoidance, especially in the most vulnerable, less resilient groups [59].”
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“high dispositional mindfulness enhances well-being and helps in dealing with stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic [24].”
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“It has also been related to enhanced wellbeing and reduced psychological distress associated with the pandemic (Conversano et al., 2020; Majeed et al., 2020; Wielgus et al., 2020).”
From Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Increases Mental Wellbeing and Emotion Regulation During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Synchronous Online Intervention Study (2021) · cites this paper as Conversano et al., 2020
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Martino, G., Bellone, F., Langher, V., Caputo, A., Catalano, A., Quattropani, M. C. A., & Morabito, N. (2019) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2328 · Cited by 38
Confiabilidad y validez de la SCL-90 en la evaluación de la psicopatología en mujeres.
Muñoz, C. L., de Santillana, I. A. E., Cárdenas, M. D. L. L., Fócil, M., & Cavazos, J. (2005) · Salud Mental · Cited by 37
Decreased Density of the Platelet Serotonin Transporter in Pathological Gamblers
Marazziti, D., Golia, F., Picchetti, M., Pioli, E., Mannari, P., Lenzi, F., Conversano, C., Carmassi, C., Dell’Osso, M. C., Consoli, G., et al. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000129665 · Cited by 36
Mula, M., Pini, S., Monteleone, P., Iazzetta, P., Preve, M., Tortorella, A. A. V., Amato, E., Paolo, L. D., Conversano, C., Rucci, P., et al. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.02.004 · Cited by 36
Dell’Osso, L., Casu, G., Carlini, M., Conversano, C., Gremigni, P., & Carmassi, C. (2012) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-11-27 · Cited by 36
Merlo, E. M. (2019) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2341 · Cited by 33
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the defensive profile in breast cancer women: A pilot study
Giuseppe, M. D., Silvestre, A. D., Sterzo, R. L., Hitchcott, P. K., Gemignani, A., & Conversano, C. (2019) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102919854667 · Cited by 27
Catalano, A., Martino, G., Bellone, F., Papalia, M., Lasco, C. G., Basile, G., Sardella, A., Nicocia, G., Morabito, N., & Lasco, A. (2018) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0720-7 · Cited by 25
Poli (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.36131/cn20200216 · Cited by 24
Mindful Learning Improves Positive Feelings of Cancer Patients’ Family Caregivers
Geng, L., Wang, J., Cheng, L., Zhang, B., & Shen, H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16020248 · Cited by 22
Giuseppe, M. D., Prout, T. A., Fabiani, M., & Kui, T. (2020) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2515 · Cited by 21
Muratori, P., & Ciacchini, R. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.36131/cn20200219 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Climate anxiety: What predicts it and how is it related to climate action?
Whitmarsh, L., Player, L., Jiongco, A., James, M., Williams, M., Marks, E., & Kennedy-Williams, P. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101866 · Cited by 401
Conversano, C., Ciacchini, R., Orrù, G., Di Giuseppe, M., Gemignani, A., & Poli, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01683 · Cited by 243
The psychological impact of COVID-19 and restrictive measures in the world
Passavanti, M., Argentieri, A., Barbieri, D. M., Lou, B., Wijayaratna, K. P., Mirhosseini, A. F., Wang, F., Naseri, S., Qamhia, I. I. A., Tangerås, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.020 · Cited by 211
Identifying Predictors of Psychological Distress During COVID-19: A Machine Learning Approach
Prout, T. A., Zilcha‐Mano, S., Doorn, K. A., Békés, V., Christman-Cohen, I., Whistler, K., Kui, T., & Giuseppe, M. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586202 · Cited by 164
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Metadata
- Authors
- Conversano, C., Di Giuseppe, M., Miccoli, M., Ciacchini, R., Gemignani, A., & Orrù, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-09-11
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 1900-1900
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7516078
- OpenAlex
- W3041790447
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 19.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness, psychological distress, COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, social distancing, lockdown, protective factors, age, gender, quality of life, Global Severity Index, SCL-90, well-being, mental health
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