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Dual Roles of Astrocyte-Derived Factors in Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Function after Brain Damage
Open accessAbstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major functional barrier in the central nervous system (CNS), and inhibits the extravasation of intravascular contents and transports various essential nutrients between the blood and the brain. After brain damage by traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia and several other CNS disorders, the functions of the BBB are disrupted, resulting in severe secondary damage including brain edema and inflammatory injury. Therefore, BBB protection and recovery are considered novel therapeutic strategies for reducing brain damage. Emerging evidence suggests key roles of astrocyte-derived factors in BBB disruption and recovery after brain damage. The astrocyte-derived vascular permeability factors include vascular endothelial growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, glutamate and endothelin-1, which enhance BBB permeability leading to BBB disruption. By contrast, the astrocyte-derived protective factors include angiopoietin-1, sonic hedgehog, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, retinoic acid and insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein E which attenuate BBB permeability resulting in recovery of BBB function. In this review, the roles of these astrocyte-derived factors in BBB function are summarized, and their significance as therapeutic targets for BBB protection and recovery after brain damage are discussed.
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“Reactive astrocytes are a major source of various vascular permeability factors [44–47].”
From Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain (2022) · cites this paper as [46]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Michinaga, S., & Koyama, Y.
- Affiliations
- Osaka Ohtani University (JP)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe 668-8558, Japan
- ORCID
- Michinaga, Shotaro
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-01-29
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 571
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6387062
- OpenAlex
- W2912925231
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 11
- FWCI
- 3.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16K18890, 18K06695)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, astrocytes, blood-brain barrier permeability, brain damage, traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, endothelin-1, glutamate, angiopoietin-1, Sonic hedgehog, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, retinoic acid, insulin-like growth factor I, apolipoprotein E, cerebral edema, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Astrocytes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain Injuries, Humans, Tight Junctions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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