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Cited by 107Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans researchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Perineuronal Nets and Their Role in Synaptic Homeostasis

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Bosiacki, Mateusz, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska, Magdalena, Kojder, Klaudyna, Fabiańska, Marta, Jeżewski, Dariusz, Gutowska, Izabela, Lubkowska, Anna·2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms20174108PMC PMC6747153
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Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are released by neurons and glial cells form perineuronal nets (PNNs) and modulate many neuronal and glial functions. PNNs, whose structure is still not known in detail, surround cell bodies and dendrites, which leaves free space for synapses to come into contact. A reduction in the expression of many neuronal ECM components adversely affects processes that are associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. At the same time, increased ECM activity, e.g., as a result of astrogliosis following brain damage or in neuroinflammation, can also have harmful consequences. The therapeutic use of enzymes to attenuate elevated neuronal ECM expression after injury or in Alzheimer’s disease has proven to be beneficial by promoting axon growth and increasing synaptic plasticity. Yet, severe impairment of ECM function can also lead to neurodegeneration. Thus, it appears that to ensure healthy neuronal function a delicate balance of ECM components must be maintained. In this paper we review the structure of PNNs and their components, such as hyaluronan, proteoglycans, core proteins, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, tenascins, and Hapln proteins. We also characterize the role of ECM in the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, neuronal communication, as well as the participation of PNNs in synaptic plasticity and some clinical aspects of perineuronal net impairment. Furthermore, we discuss the participation of PNNs in brain signaling. Understanding the molecular foundations of the ways that PNNs participate in brain signaling and synaptic plasticity, as well as how they change in physiological and pathological conditions, may help in the development of new therapies for many degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the brain.

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  • PNN envelop the soma, stabilizing interneuron activity, regulating synaptic homeostasis and protecting interneurons from oxidative damage.

    “This lattice-like structure envelop the soma, stabilizing interneuron activity, regulating synaptic homeostasis (Bosiacki et al., 2019) and protecting interneurons from oxidative damage (Morawski et al., 2004).”

    From Disrupted structural connectivity in ArcAβ mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis (2020) · cites this paper as Bosiacki et al., 2019

    The Introduction says PNNs surround cell bodies, occur especially around parvalbumin interneurons, and are important for their activity. Section 6 describes how PNNs control synaptic connections and receptor mobility, supporting a role in synaptic homeostasis. The copy does not specifically say they stabilize interneuron activity. Oxidative protection is attributed to Morawski et al. in the citing sentence, not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bosiacki, M., Gąssowska-Dobrowolska, M., Kojder, K., Fabiańska, M., Jeżewski, D., Gutowska, I., & Lubkowska, A.
Affiliations
  • Pomeranian Medical University (PL)
  • Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
  • University of Szczecin (PL)
Corresponding author
Lubkowska, Anna
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-08-22
Volume
20
Issue
17
Pages
4108
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms20174108
PMC
PMC6747153
OpenAlex
W2969588759
Cited by
107
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
FWCI
1.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
perineuronal nets, extracellular matrix, synaptic homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, tenascin, blood-brain barrier, astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, axon growth, brain signaling
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Extracellular Matrix, Homeostasis, Humans, Nerve Net, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Synapses, Biomarkers

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