Cited by 345Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersTreatment of Major Depression

Synapse Pathology in Psychiatric and Neurologic Disease

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van Spronsen, Myrrhe, Hoogenraad, Casper C.·2010·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Abstract

Inhibitory and excitatory synapses play a fundamental role in information processing in the brain. Excitatory synapses usually are situated on dendritic spines, small membrane protrusions that harbor glutamate receptors and postsynaptic density components and help transmit electrical signals. In recent years, it has become evident that spine morphology is intimately linked to synapse function--smaller spines have smaller synapses and support reduced synaptic transmission. The relationship between synaptic signaling, spine shape, and brain function is never more apparent than when the brain becomes dysfunctional. Many psychiatric and neurologic disorders, ranging from mental retardation and autism to Alzheimer's disease and addiction, are accompanied by alterations in spine morphology and synapse number. In this review, we highlight the structure and molecular organization of synapses and discuss functional effects of synapse pathology in brain disease.

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  • Changes in morphological complexity, dendritic spine number, shape and plasticity are associated with several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and epilepsy.

    “changes in morphological complexity, dendritic spine number, shape and plasticity are associated with several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including SCZ, ASD, ID and epilepsy.16, 17, 18, 19”

    From The autism and schizophrenia associated gene CYFIP1 is critical for the maintenance of dendritic complexity and the stabilization of mature spines (2014) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) links abnormal dendritic spine density and morphology and aberrant synaptic plasticity to neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, autism, and intellectual disability. The Conclusions (page unavailable) link epilepsy to disrupted excitatory–inhibitory synaptic balance, but do not specifically associate it with the claimed changes in dendritic morphology or spines. The copy also does not clearly address changes in overall morphological complexity. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Disruption in dendritic morphogenesis, synaptogenesis or activity-dependent remodelling produces network-wide deficits in neuronal connectivity.

    “A disruption in any of these processes produces network-wide deficits in neuronal connectivity”

    From The autism and schizophrenia associated gene CYFIP1 is critical for the maintenance of dendritic complexity and the stabilization of mature spines (2014) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Introduction (page not provided) says that loss of synaptic stability may disrupt neuronal circuits, supporting the general connection. It does not establish that disruption of any of the three named processes necessarily produces network-wide connectivity deficits; the claim is more categorical and specific than the source. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
van Spronsen, M., & Hoogenraad, C. C.
Affiliations
Erasmus MC (NL)
Corresponding author
Hoogenraad, Casper C.
Venue
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
Published
2010-03-18
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
207-214
ISSN
  • 1528-4042 (ISSN-L)
  • 1534-6293
OpenAlex
W2098229885
Cited by
345
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 38
FWCI
2.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • ZonMw
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
dendritic spines, dendritic spine morphology, excitatory synapses, inhibitory synapses, synaptic transmission, postsynaptic density, glutamate receptors, mental illness, neurological disorders, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, Alzheimer's disease, addiction, synapse number
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Humans, Models, Biological, Nervous System Diseases, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Synapses, Dendritic Spines

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