Do Bacteria Provide an Alternative to Cancer Treatment and What Role Does Lactic Acid Bacteria Play?
Open accessAbstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. According to 2022 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), close to 10 million deaths have been reported in 2020 and it is estimated that the number of cancer cases world-wide could increase to 21.6 million by 2030. Breast, lung, thyroid, pancreatic, liver, prostate, bladder, kidney, pelvis, colon, and rectum cancers are the most prevalent. Each year, approximately 400,000 children develop cancer. Treatment between countries vary, but usually includes either surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Modern treatments such as hormone-, immuno- and antibody-based therapies are becoming increasingly popular. Several recent reports have been published on toxins, antibiotics, bacteriocins, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, phenylpropanoids, phenylflavonoids, purine nucleosides, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and enzymes with anticancer properties. Most of these molecules target cancer cells in a selective manner, either directly or indirectly through specific pathways. This review discusses the role of bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria, and their metabolites in the treatment of cancer.
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Type III polyketide synthases are involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, which are secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer properties.
“Type III polyketide synthases (T3PKS) are involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, which are secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer properties [82].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [82]
Section 6 (page unavailable) says polyketides are produced by type I polyketide synthases and have structural and biological diversity; it does not discuss type III synthases. Section 4.4 (page unavailable) identifies an anticancer-relevant polyketide, but the copy does not establish the claimed antimicrobial and antifungal properties of polyketides. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Human tumor cells are selectively inhibited by colicins
Chumchalová, J., & Šmarda, J. (2003) · Folia Microbiologica · doi:10.1007/bf02931286 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
6 of the 394 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer Treatment
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New insight into the mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba leaves in the treatment of cancer
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Maria, C., & Rauter, A. P. (2023) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/j.carres.2023.108889 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dicks, L. M. T. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262110539 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationAn, Y., Lv, X., Xu, S., Li, H., Zheng, P., Zhu, W., & Wang, L. (2025) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117268 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Abdoul‐Latif, F. M., Ainane, A., Saoudi, O., Mohamed, H., Ali, A. M., Cacciatore, S., & Ainane, T. (2025) · Journal Of Advanced Pharmacy Education And Research · doi:10.51847/xocfrvwlrp · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Is it still worth renewing nucleoside anticancer drugs nowadays?
Liu, Z. (2023) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115987 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Prostate and urinary microbiomes in prostate cancer development: focus on Cutibacterium acnes
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Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases
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Colorectal Cancer Prediction using Deep Learning
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Роль пробиотиков в профилактике и лечении заболеваний
Байгужина, Ж. С., Хасенова, А. Е., Eleupaeva, S. K., Dinmukhamedova, A. S., Альжанова, Г. С., Айзман, Р. И., Базарбаева, С. М., & Khamzina, S. (2023) · Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series” · doi:10.31489/2023bmg3/25-34
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From Microbes to Medicine: Bacteriotherapy's Emerging Role in Cancer Treatment Strategies
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BindingDB Entry 50021754: Is it still worth renewing nucleoside anticancer drugs nowadays?
BindingDB (2025) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2f76j73
- Authors
- Dicks, L. M. T., & Vermeulen, W.
- Affiliations
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Dicks, Leon M. T.
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-27
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1733
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9501580
- OpenAlex
- W4293760991
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 394
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Cancer Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- cancer therapy, lactic acid bacteria, bacterial metabolites, anticancer agents, bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids, nonribosomal peptides, polyketides, phenylpropanoids, purine nucleosides, selective toxicity, probiotics
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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