Secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids in the colon: a focus on colonic microbiome, cell proliferation, inflammation, and cancer
Open accessAbstract
Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, and host⁻microbe interaction. Although BAs are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation, primary BAs serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation to secondary BAs in the colon. High-fat diets increase secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are risk factors for colonic inflammation and cancer. In contrast, increased dietary fiber intake is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. These effects may be due to the increased production of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate during dietary fiber fermentation in the colon. Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of secondary BAs and SCFAs on the proliferation of colon epithelial cells, inflammation, cancer, and the associated microbiome.
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The probiotic mixture does not display 7α-dehydroxylation activity and therefore does not contribute to accumulation of potentially detrimental BA.
“supporting that the probiotic mixture do not display 7α-dehydroxylation activity41 and therefore do not contribute to accumulation of potentially detrimental BA.42”
From <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> strains KABP011, KABP012, and KABP013 modulate bile acids and cholesterol metabolism in humans (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) states that 7α-dehydroxylation produces the secondary bile acids DCA and LCA; the Introduction describes secondary bile acids as potentially detrimental. This supports the rationale for citation 42, but the review does not examine the probiotic mixture or establish that it does not contribute to bile-acid accumulation. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSecondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids act in opposite directions on inflammation in the colon.
“High levels of secondary bile acids and SCFAs have opposing effects on colon inflammation.170”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [170]
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“42 FGF-19 is increasingly acknowledged as a key metabolic signalling molecule mediating negative feedback inhibition of BA synthesis.”
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- Authors
- Zeng, H., Umar, S., Rust, B., Lazarova, D., & Bordonaro, M.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center (US)
- Geisinger College of Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeng, Huawei
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-03-11
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1214
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6429521
- OpenAlex
- W2921460411
- Cited by
- 480
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service, and Research Project 3062-51000-050-00D.)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, colonic microbiome, colonic inflammation, colon cancer, colonic epithelial cell proliferation, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, dietary fiber fermentation, high-fat diet, butyrate, enterohepatic circulation
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Butyrates, Colitis, Colon, Colonic Neoplasms, Disease Susceptibility, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Cell Proliferation, Lipid Metabolism
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