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The Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Insulin Signaling
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The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that controls a wide spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. mTOR forms two distinct multiprotein complexes known as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), which are characterized by the presence of raptor and rictor, respectively. mTOR controls insulin signaling by regulating several downstream components such as growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (Grb10), insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1), F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 8 (Fbw8), and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor (IGF-IR/IR). In addition, mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate each other through a feedback loop to control cell growth. This review outlines the current understanding of mTOR regulation in insulin signaling in the context of whole body metabolism.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yoon, M.-S.
- Affiliations
- Gachon University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Yoon, Mee-Sup
- ORCID
- Yoon, Mee-Sup
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-10-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1176
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5707648
- OpenAlex
- W2766921609
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 20
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2015R1D1A1A01058313)
- the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare (HI17C0426)
- the Gachon University Gil Medical Center (2015-15)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- mTOR, insulin signaling, mTORC1, mTORC2, raptors, Rictor, Grb10, IRS-1, IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor, cell growth regulation, whole-body metabolism, feedback loops
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2, Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein, Animals, Humans, Insulin, Receptor, Insulin, Signal Transduction, Receptor, IGF Type 1, F-Box Proteins, Cell Proliferation, GRB10 Adaptor Protein, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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