Nutrient-sensing mechanisms and pathways

Efeyan, Alejo; Comb, William C.; Sabatini, David M.

doi:10.1038/nature14190

Cited by 1,110Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Nutrient-sensing mechanisms and pathways

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Efeyan, Alejo, Comb, William C., Sabatini, David M.·2015·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature14190PMC PMC4313349

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Abstract

The ability to sense and respond to fluctuations in environmental nutrient levels is a requisite for life. Nutrient scarcity is a selective pressure that has shaped the evolution of most cellular processes. Different pathways that detect intracellular and extracellular levels of sugars, amino acids, lipids and surrogate metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level through hormonal signals. During food abundance, nutrient-sensing pathways engage anabolism and storage, whereas scarcity triggers homeostatic mechanisms, such as the mobilization of internal stores through autophagy. Nutrient-sensing pathways are commonly deregulated in human metabolic diseases.

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Leucine activates mTORC1 signaling by binding to the upstream regulator sestrin.
“notably including the amino acid leucine, which activates mTORC1 signaling via binding to the upstream regulator sestrin.”
From Sestrin modulator NV-5138 produces rapid antidepressant effects via direct mTORC1 activation (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
Leucine binds to sestrin isoforms 1 and 2, causing dissociation from GATOR2 and activation of mTORC1 signaling.
“Recent studies demonstrate that leucine binds to sestrin isoforms 1 and 2 (hereafter referred to as sestrin), resulting in dissociation from another regulatory multiprotein complex, GATOR2, leading to activation of mTORC1 signaling (20, 21).”
From Sestrin modulator NV-5138 produces rapid antidepressant effects via direct mTORC1 activation (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
Mutations of Sestrin2 that block leucine binding also block leucine activation of mTORC1 signaling.
“Further evidence for this pathway is provided by studies demonstrating that mutations of Sestrin2 that block leucine binding also block leucine activation of mTORC1 signaling (20, 21).”
From Sestrin modulator NV-5138 produces rapid antidepressant effects via direct mTORC1 activation (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
The nine established hallmarks of aging have all been shown to be connected with sustained systemic inflammation.
“have all been shown to be linked to sustained systemic inflammation7–16.”
From An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Fasting is thought to work at least in part through the inhibition of insulin/IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling.
“On the molecular level, fasting is not well understood but based on the data from studies on fasting-mediated longevity and stress resistance, it is thought to work at least in part through the inhibition of insulin/IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling15–18.”
From RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fasting inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer via the Fdft1-mediated AKT/mTOR/HIF1α pathway suppression (2020) · cites this paper as [15]

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Authors: Efeyan, A., Comb, W. C., & Sabatini, D. M.
Affiliations: Broad Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Sabatini, David M.
ORCID: Efeyan, Alejo
Comb, William C.
Sabatini, David M.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-01-14
Volume: 517
Issue: 7534
Pages: 302-310
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature14190
PMC: PMC4313349
OpenAlex: W2147044753
Cited by: 1,110
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 117 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 12.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PMC
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
National Institute on Aging (R21AG042876)
National Cancer Institute (CA103866, R01CA103866, R01CA129105)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI047389, AI047389, R01AI047389)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords: nutrient sensing, nutrient-sensing pathways, nutrient homeostasis, nutrient scarcity, hormone signaling, autophagy, anabolism, nutrient storage, metabolic disorders, sugar sensing, amino acid sensing, lipid sensing
MeSH terms: Amino Acids, Animals, Autophagy, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Lipid Metabolism

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