The three-factor model of Internet addiction: The development of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire
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Despite the fact that more and more clinical case studies and research reports have been published on the increasing problem of Internet addiction, no generally accepted standardized tool is available to measure problematic Internet use or Internet addiction. The aim of our study was to create such a questionnaire. On the basis of earlier studies and our previous experience withYoung's (1998a) Internet Addiction Test, initially, we created a 30-item questionnaire, which was assessed together with other questions regarding participants' Internet use. Data were collected online from 1,037 persons (54.1% of them male; mean age, 23.3 years; SD, 9.1). As a result of reliability analysis and factor analysis, we reduced the number of items to 18 and created the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) containing three subscales: obsession, neglect, and control disorder. Cronbach's alpha of the PIUQ is .87 (Cronbach's alpha of the subscales is .85, .74, and .76, respectively). The test-retest correlation of the PIUQ is .90. The PIUQ proved to be a reliable measurement for assessing the extent of problems caused by the "misuse" of the Internet; however, further analysis is needed.
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Data were weighted by strata to correct for skewed nonresponse resulting from a 15% refusal rate.
“Data needed to be weighted due to skewed nonresponse resulting from a refusal rate of 15%. To match the composition of the participants with the sampling frame, data were weighted by strata with the matrix weighting method recommended by the National Education Information System (KIR-STAT).”
From Problematic Internet use and problematic online gaming are not the same: Findings from a large nationally representative adolescent sample (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
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Addiction to mobile text messaging applications is nothing to “lol” about
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An Investigation into the Problematic Use of Facebook
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“In this study, problematic internet use was assessed using the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire [55], which consists of 3 dimensions (obsession, neglect of other activities, and control disorder).”
MethodMassively multiplayer online game addiction: Instrument development and validation
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Assessing the Relationship between Mindful Awareness and Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents
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Cultural Correlates of Internet Addiction
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- Authors
- Demetrovics, Z., Szeredi, B., & Rózsa, S.
- Affiliations
- Eötvös Loránd University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Demetrovics, Zsolt
- Venue
- Behavior Research Methods
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 563-574
- ISSN
- 1554-351X (ISSN-L)
- 1554-3528
- OpenAlex
- W2001901184
- Cited by
- 409
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 17.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Behavior Research Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- internet addiction, problematic internet use, questionnaire development, three-factor model, obsession, neglect, Internet Addiction Test, psychometric validation, reliability statistics, test-retest reliability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Behavior, Addictive, Internet, Principal Component Analysis
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