Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Open accessAbstract
Background The association between intake of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is not conclusive.Objective We conducted an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of dairy product intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes.Design We searched the PubMed database for prospective cohort and nested case-control studies of dairy product intake and risk of type 2 diabetes up to 5 June 2013. Summary RRs were estimated by use of a random-effects model.Results Seventeen cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the dose-response analysis, the summary RRs (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.87, 0.99; I(2) = 33%) per 400 g total dairy products/d (n = 12), 0.98 (0.94, 1.03; I(2) = 8%) per 200 g high-fat dairy products/d (n = 9), 0.91 (0.86, 0.96; I(2) = 40%) per 200 g low-fat dairy products/d (n = 9), 0.87 (0.72, 1.04; I(2) = 94%) per 200 g milk/d (n = 7), 0.92 (0.86, 0.99; I(2) = 0%) per 50 g cheese/d (n = 8), and 0.78 (0.60, 1.02; I(2) = 70%) per 200 g yogurt/d (n = 7). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed for total dairy products (P-nonlinearity < 0.0001), low-fat dairy products (P-nonlinearity = 0.06), cheese (P-nonlinearity = 0.05), and yogurt (P-nonlinearity = 0.004), and there was a flattening of the curve at higher intakes.Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that there is a significant inverse association between intakes of dairy products, low-fat dairy products, and cheese and risk of type 2 diabetes. Any additional studies should assess the association between other specific types of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes and adjust for more confounding factors.
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The main sources of sucrose (whole grain cereals, fruit, and yogurt) have shown beneficial associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease mortality.
“These main sources of sucrose have shown beneficial associations (for example, whole grain cereals, fruit, and yogurt) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease mortality.87 88 89 90 91 92”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
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- Authors
- Aune, D., Norat, T., Romundstad, P., & Vatten, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1066-1083
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108208530
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- dairy products, type 2 diabetes, low-fat dairy, cheese, yogurt, milk, high-fat dairy, dose-response relationship, inverse association, nonlinear relationship, dietary intake, diabetes risk, confounding adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cheese, Dairy Products, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Fats, Humans, Milk, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Yogurt, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies
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