Relative ability of fat and sugar tastes to activate reward, gustatory, and somatosensory regions
Open accessAbstract
Background Although the intake of high-fat and high-sugar food activates mesolimbic reward, gustatory, and oral somatosensory brain regions, contributing to overeating, few studies have examined the relative role of fat and sugar in the activation of these brain regions, which would inform policy, prevention, and treatment interventions designed to reduce obesity.Objective We evaluated the effect of a high-fat or high-sugar equicaloric chocolate milkshake and increasing fat or sugar milkshake content on the activation of these regions.Design Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the neural response to the intake of high-fat/high-sugar, high-fat/low-sugar, low-fat/high-sugar, and low-fat/low-sugar chocolate milkshakes and a tasteless solution in 106 lean adolescents (mean ± SD age = 15.00 ± 0.88 y). Analyses contrasted the activation to the various milkshakes.Results High-fat compared with high-sugar equicaloric milkshakes caused greater activation in the bilateral caudate, postcentral gyrus, hippocampus, and inferior frontal gyrus. High-sugar compared with high-fat equicaloric milkshakes caused greater activation in the bilateral insula extending into the putamen, the Rolandic operculum, and thalamus, which produced large activation regions. Increasing sugar in low-fat milkshakes caused greater activation in the bilateral insula and Rolandic operculum; increasing fat content did not elicit greater activation in any region.Conclusions Fat caused greater activation of the caudate and oral somatosensory regions than did sugar, sugar caused greater activation in the putamen and gustatory regions than did fat, increasing sugar caused greater activity in gustatory regions, and increasing fat did not affect the activation. Results imply that sugar more effectively recruits reward and gustatory regions, suggesting that policy, prevention, and treatment interventions should prioritize reductions in sugar intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as DK092468.
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Disruptions to these regions in women have been shown to result in hyperphagia.
“Furtheremore, disruptions to these regions in women have been shown to result in hyperphagia 53, 107, 108.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
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A psychobioecological model to understand the income-food insecurity-obesity relationship
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- Authors
- Stice, E., Burger, K. S., & Yokum, S.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stice, Eric
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1377-1384
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3831532
- OpenAlex
- W2166248476
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 6.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oregon
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK080760, R01DK080760, R01DK092468, DK092468)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Keywords
- fat taste, sugar taste, food reward, gustatory processing, caudate nucleus, insula, putamen, rolandic operculum, thalamus, hippocampus, adolescents, obesity prevention, sugar-sweetened beverages
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Beverages, Brain Mapping, Caudate Nucleus, Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurons, Oregon, Reward, Sensation, Somatosensory Cortex, Taste, Dietary Sucrose, Taste Perception
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