Taste representation in the human insula
Abstract
The sense of taste exists so that organisms can detect potential nutrients and toxins. Despite the fact that this ability is of critical importance to all species there appear to be significant interspecies differences in gustatory organization. For example, monkeys and humans lack a pontine taste relay, which is a critical relay underlying taste and feeding behavior in rodents. In addition, and of particular relevance to this special issue, the primary taste cortex appears to be located further caudally in the insular cortex in humans compared to in monkeys. The primary aim of this paper is to review the evidence that supports this possibility. It is also suggested that one parsimonious explanation for this apparent interspecies differences is that if, as Craig suggests, the far anterior insular cortex is newly evolved and unique to humans, then the human taste cortex may only appear to be located further caudally because it is no longer the anterior-most section of insular cortex. In addition to discussing the location of taste representation in human insular cortex, evidence is presented to support the possibility that this region is better conceptualized as an integrated oral sensory region that plays role in feeding behavior, rather than as unimodal sensory cortex.
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In humans, taste is first projected from the tongue and oral cavity to the primary taste cortex in the anterior insula and frontal operculum, along with oral texture and temperature.
“In humans, taste is first projected from the tongue and oral cavity to the primary taste cortex in an area of the anterior insula and frontal operculum (see References [142,143] for reviews), along with oral texture and temperature [144,145].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Small, D. M.
- Affiliations
- John B. Pierce Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Small, Dana M.
- ORCID
- Small, Dana M.
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2010-05-29
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 551-561
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- OpenAlex
- W2024922001
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01 6706-04)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- insula, feeding behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite, Cerebral Cortex, Biological Evolution, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Mouth, Primates, Species Specificity, Taste, Visceral Afferents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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