A molecular basis for bifidobacterial enrichment in the infant gastrointestinal tract
Open accessAbstract
Bifidobacteria are commonly used as probiotics in dairy foods. Select bifidobacterial species are also early colonizers of the breast-fed infant colon; however, the mechanism for this enrichment is unclear. We previously showed that Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a prototypical bifidobacterial species that can readily utilize human milk oligosaccharides as the sole carbon source. MS-based glycoprofiling has revealed that numerous B. infantis strains preferentially consume small mass oligosaccharides, abundant in human milks. Genome sequencing revealed that B. infantis possesses a bias toward genes required to use mammalian-derived carbohydrates. Many of these genomic features encode enzymes that are active on milk oligosaccharides including a novel 40-kb region dedicated to oligosaccharide utilization. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the encoded glycosidases and transport proteins has further resolved the mechanism by which B. infantis selectively imports and catabolizes milk oligosaccharides. Expression studies indicate that many of these key functions are only induced during growth on milk oligosaccharides and not expressed during growth on other prebiotics. Analysis of numerous B. infantis isolates has confirmed that these genomic features are common among the B. infantis subspecies and likely constitute a competitive colonization strategy used by these unique bifidobacteria. By detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms responsible, these studies provide a conceptual framework for bifidobacterial persistence and host interaction in the infant gastrointestinal tract mediated in part through consumption of human milk oligosaccharides.
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B. infantis grows exceptionally well in the presence of complex milk oligosaccharides to the exclusion of other potentially harmful bacteria.
“This bacteria grows exceptionally well in the presence of complex milk oligosaccharides to the exclusion of other potentially harmful bacteria [27–29].”
From Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Garrido, D., Barile, D., & Mills, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mills, David A.
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 415S-421S
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC3649478
- OpenAlex
- W2130086018
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 12.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- California Dairy Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT006180)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065122, R01HD061923, R01HD059127)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium, infant gut colonization, human milk oligosaccharides, glycoside hydrolases, prebiotics, probiotics, gene expression regulation, competitive colonization
- MeSH terms
- Bifidobacterium, Breast Feeding, Humans, Infant, Milk, Human, Oligosaccharides, Probiotics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metagenome, Prebiotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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