The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 12 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The STROBE guidelines
Open accessAbstract
An observational study is a type of epidemiological study design, which can take the form of a cohort, a case-control, or a cross-sectional study. When presenting observational studies in manuscripts, an author needs to ascertain a clear presentation of the work and provide the reader with appropriate information to enable critical appraisal of the research. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study. The original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines together with their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed. These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal. The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on. The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article is a narrative overview of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, intended to help authors present cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies clearly enough for critical appraisal. It walks through the 22-item checklist and explains what each section of a manuscript should report.
Key findings
- The STROBE guidelines consist of 22 checklist items; 18 are common to all three observational designs (cohort, case–control, cross-sectional), while 4 items (numbers 6, 12, 14, and 15) vary by study design.
- The guidelines were developed in 2004 through a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors.
- The author stresses that STROBE is not a methodological framework for conducting observational studies, nor a quality-evaluation instrument, nor a means of standardizing manuscripts — it is an aid to transparent reporting.
- The guidelines discourage the terms "prospective," "retrospective," "concurrent," and "historical," instead encouraging authors to describe the actual methodology.
Methods
- Design: narrative review/educational overview of the STROBE guidelines.
- Data: the original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines and their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed; the checklist is reproduced from Vandenbroucke et al.
- Analysis: descriptive, item-by-item explanation of the 22 checklist items grouped by manuscript section (title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, other information).
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper: the article reports no formal limitations section and declares no conflicts of interest and no financial support.
- Evident from the text: the review describes no systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or appraisal of the source literature, so it functions as an explanatory summary rather than a systematic review.
- Evident from the text: the article presents no empirical data or evaluation of whether compliance with STROBE actually improves reporting quality or publication outcomes, despite asserting that complying authors "are more likely to succeed in publishing."
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
11 Not checked yet · 1 Own interpretation
In the paper
“Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[34]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 4
In the paper
“To ascertain high-quality reporting of observational studies, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were developed following a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors in 2004.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal's editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Eighteen items are common to all the three observational designs, that is, cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having a thorough understanding of the STROBE guidelines is therefore becoming a requisite for authors who wish to conduct and publish an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
In the paper
“These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal.”
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
“A total of 22 checklist items contribute to the STROBE guidelines.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
In the paper
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“These guidelines were created to aid in the presentation of the conducted observational study to ensure adequate reporting (what was planned, done, found, and concluded) as well as assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the study.[12]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“The aim of the STROBE guidelines was to provide a readily available checklist to ensure a clear presentation of what was planned and conducted in an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The STROBE Guidelines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Schriger, 2005, Ann Emerg Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the remaining four checklist items (items number 6, 12, 14, and 15) have specific variations according to the study design.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on.”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“In no way were these guidelines established to provide a methodological framework for conducting an observational study.[1]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
- Not checked yetcites [2] von, 2007, BMJ
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The method used to establish the study size needs to be reported along with the confidence intervals considered. This is essential for the reader to ascertain whether sufficient statistical precision has been attained in the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
“A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Authors complying with the STROBE guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
“The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.
“Furthermore, researchers have to keep in mind that causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE criteria [16].”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To assess reporting completeness and quality of included studies, two authors (CVD with either EJMM or EB) independently assessed included studies according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [14–16] and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale [17, 18], respectively.”
From The aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial maternal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · cited 2×
“[1] Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.”
BackgroundMethodVandenbroucke, J. P., von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297 · Cited by 8,613 · cited 7×
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309 · cited 1×
“[1,2] Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[3,4] Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal’s editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.”
Backgroundvon Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.012 · Cited by 2,698
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Suggestions for Improving the Reporting of Clinical Research: The Role of Narrative
Schriger, D. L. (2005) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.022 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
BackgroundWASP (Write a Scientific Paper): Understanding research metrics
Cuschieri, S. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.01.015 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“Citation of published manuscripts is imperative for the enhancement of the researcher’s research metrics and for increasing the prestigious acknowledgement of the researcher and his or her work within the scientific community.[6] The abstract should include a brief summary of the study and present only information fou…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,002
Early Hospital Discharge on Day Two Post-Robotic Lobectomy with Telehealth Home Monitoring
Mangiameli, G., Bottoni, E., Tagliabue, A., Giudici, V. M., Crepaldi, A., Testori, A., Voulaz, E., Cariboni, U., Cecconi, E. R., Luppichini, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13206268 · Cited by 7
“This study received approval from the Ethical Committee of the IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (research register number #201900432) and adhered to the SQUIRE guidelines as well as to the Declaration of Helsinki [9].”
MethodGallitto, E., Spath, P., Faggioli, G., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezae379 · Cited by 7
“Data from the Simultaneous and Staged groups were compared for the study’s outcomes [10].”
ResultAlmeida, N. D., Yu, H., Iovoli, A. J., et al. (2024) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.107136 · Cited by 7
Yani, D. I., Wong, J. C. M., Pikkarainen, M. A., Chua, J. Y. X., Wong, H. C., Goh, Y. S., & Shorey, S. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16742 · Cited by 15
Guerrera, F., Lococo, F., Fournel, L., Viggiano, D., Mangiameli, G., Mastromarino, M. G., Guggino, G., Seitlinger, J., Bertoglio, P., Luzzi, L., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2025.109592 · Cited by 7
“The STROBE reporting recommendations were used in the reporting of the present study [7].”
Chakra, C. N. A., Blanquart, F., Vieillefond, V., et al. (2025) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2025.2466699 · Cited by 7
“The study was reported following the STROBE guidelines [11].”
Nabi, R., Mansoor, M. H., Shahbaz, M. H., Kharal, M., Fatima, N., Munir, S. T., Shahbaz, S., Mujeeb, B., Fatima, R., Kirsh, et al. (2025) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-025-04720-x · Cited by 7
“No institutional review board approval was required for this study, as this analysis was based on de-identified disease surveillance data retrieved from the CDC databases and is in accordance with STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines [8].”
Risk Factors for Developing Postlumbar Puncture Headache: A Case-Control Study
Nielsen, L. N., & Vámosi, M. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Nursing · doi:10.1097/jnn.0000000000000555 · Cited by 7
“The study was performed in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.(21) A retrospective chart review included 322 patients who had had a successful LP (either emergently or scheduled) between January 2015 and December 2016, in which LP was indicated on suspicion of meningitis, nonacute inflammation, or other brain infec…”
MethodKumar, V., Aranha, V., Bhanushali, N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medicine and Life · doi:10.25122/jml-2020-0103 · Cited by 7
“This study employed an observational, cross-sectional study design and was carried out in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines to collect prevalent data about the knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to intellectual property rights among t…”
MethodPechepiura, E. P., Freire, M. H. D. S., Martins, K. P., Pinto, M. N. D. G. R., & Moraes, S. D. R. L. (2021) · Revista de Saúde Pública do Paraná · doi:10.32811/25954482-2021v4n1p48 · Cited by 8
Xia, Q., Campbell, J. A., Ahmad, H., de Graaff, B., Si, L., Otáhal, P., Ratcliffe, K., Turtle, J., Marrone, J., Huque, M., et al. (2021) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-021-01405-x · Cited by 7
“This study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist [20], and the CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) statement [21].”
Sport and physical activity participation in the workplace: the role of employees' self-perception
Baup, Y., Vignal, B., & Bodet, G. (2021) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-03-2021-0055 · Cited by 8
Ketola, H., Kask, G., Barner-Rasmussen, I., Tukiainen, E. J., BLOMQVIST, C. P., Laitinen, M., Kautiainen, H., Kiiski, J., & Repo, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.081 · Cited by 8
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M. A., Suryawati, S., et al. (2022) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00052 · Cited by 7
Risk factors of latent tuberculosis among chronic kidney disease with routine haemodialysis patients
Bandiara, R., Indrasari, A., Rengganis, A. D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100302 · Cited by 7
“Results have been reported according to the STROBE guidelines on the reporting of observational studies [17,18].”
MethodBloomfield, K., Wu, Z., Tatton, A., Calvert, C., Peel, N. M., Hubbard, R. E., Jamieson, H. A., Hikaka, J., Boyd, M. L., Bramley, D. M., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264715 · Cited by 7
“The current study is reported according to STROBE guidelines [11].”
Davis, S. N. P., Ju, C., Marchandise, P., Diagne, M., & Grant, L. (2022) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.01.014 · Cited by 7
Masri, D., Masri‐Iraqi, H., Naishlos, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11072002 · Cited by 7
“The present script complies with the STROBE guidelines [13].”
MethodRisk Factor Analysis of Early-Onset Cataracts in Taiwan
Tsai, L.-H., Chen, C., Lin, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11092374 · Cited by 7
“STROBE guidelines were used for reporting the manuscript [24,25].”
MethodEffects of DNA methylation on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Barouti, Z., Heidari‐Beni, M., Shabanian-Boroujeni, A., Mohammadzadeh, M., Pahlevani, V., Poursafa, P., Mohebpour, F., & Kelishadi, R. (2022) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-022-00907-1 · Cited by 7
“Quality assessment We assessed the quality of studies using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology guidelines (STROBE) checklist [19, 20].”
MethodD’Ambrosi, R., Ursino, N., Mariani, I., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology · doi:10.1007/s00590-022-03295-y · Cited by 7
“The study was conducted following the STROBE Checklist for Case–Control Study [9].”
MethodAcute appendicitis in pregnant women: A Tunisian center experience
Mejri, A., Arfaoui, K., & Trigui, E. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000028574 · Cited by 7
“The study is reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.[6]”
ResultPatti, A., Giustino, V., Figlioli, F., Miceli, M., Barca, M., Drid, P., Palma, A., & Bianco, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010236 · Cited by 7
“The STROBE guidelines were used to ensure a high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study (10).”
MethodDíaz-Vargas, C., Figueroa, A. D. P. T., Valdebenito-Villalobos, J., et al. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13020154 · Cited by 7
The Interaction Between Psychosocial Factors and Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Pain-Free Nurses
Johnsen, K., Owen, P. J., Tagliaferri, S. D., Oosterwijck, J. V., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Ford, J. J., Belavý, D. L., & Miller, C. T. (2023) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s386440 · Cited by 11
“This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.(30)”
MethodOn the Association between Dental Implants, Osteoporosis and Bone Modulating Therapy
Masri, D., Masri‐Iraqi, H., Nissan, J., et al. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13063398 · Cited by 7
Hansen, T., Hanchard, T. J., & Alphonse, J. (2023) · Sonography · doi:10.1002/sono.12350 · Cited by 7
“articles (Figure 1).(12) Data from these studies were used as the primary sources of information for the descriptive narrative in this review.”
MethodPrevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study
de Sousa, C. R., Coutinho, J. F. V., Marques, M. B., Barbosa, R. G. B., Filho, J. D. S. R., Soares, E. S., Nogueira, C. B., & Souza, R. L. D. P. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0209 · Cited by 16
“The guidelines of the EQUATOR network were followed through the use of the tool Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) (15) .”
MethodHasırcı, İ., & Şahin, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.24878 · Cited by 7
Scoping review of outpatient health services utilization among women
Alizadeh, M., Zamiran, B., Eslamian, A., SoleimanvandiAzar, N., Gharehghani, M. A. M., Karimijavan, G., & Karimi, S. E. (2023) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423623000257 · Cited by 7
Starmer, A. J., Michael, M. M., Spector, N. D., & Riesenberg, L. A. (2023) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2023.06.006 · Cited by 10
Genç, B., Aslan, K., Şen, S., & İncesu, L. (2023) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03185-y · Cited by 7
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were followed thoroughly [16].”
MethodKwak, M., & Mah, Y. (2023) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12875 · Cited by 7
Rigo, R., Ding, P. Q., Batuyong, E., Cheung, W. Y., Walker, J. W. T., Monzon, J. G., & Cheng, T. (2023) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyad223 · Cited by 7
“15”
Foubert, A., Roussel, N. A., Chantrain, V., Maes, P., Durnez, L., Lobet, S., Lambert, C., Hermans, C. R. J. R., & Meeus, M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092479 · Cited by 7
“The present study is reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [21].”
ResultZovi, A., Langella, R., Aloisi, A. C., et al. (2023) · The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3382 · Cited by 7
Vaquero‐Cristóbal, R., Moreira, A. C., Esparza-Ros, F., Barrigas, C., Albaladejo-Saura, M., & Vieira, F. S. (2023) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2265888 · Cited by 10
da Cunha, G. H., Ramalho, A. K. L., Fontenele, M. S. M., et al. (2023) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2023.2275035 · Cited by 7
“The study followed the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodFerreira-Sánchez, M. D. R., Verdú, M. M., Atín-Arratibel, M. D. L. Á., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11212898 · Cited by 7
“An observational case–control study was conducted at a local Parkinson’s Association following the STROBE statement [17].”
MethodFrailty and risk of microvascular disease in adults with prediabetes
Zhong, P., Liu, R., Zhu, Z., Huang, W., & Wang, W. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102942 · Cited by 7
Tavares, V. D. D. O., de Sousa, G. M., Schuch, F. B., Campanelli, S. E., Meyer, J. D., de Almeida, R. N., Agrícola, P. M. D., Alves, L., Gurgel, M. L., Gonçalves, K. T. D. C., et al. (2024) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125241226997 · Cited by 8
“The reporting of these data followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodPan, Y.-H., Wan, D., Wang, Q., et al. (2024) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-023-08073-w · Cited by 7
Lin, Y., Yang, Y., Xiang, N., Wang, L., Zheng, T., Zhuo, X., Shi, R., Su, X., Liu, Y., Liao, G., et al. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03326-x · Cited by 9
“Results are reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline [17].”
MethodElmazny, A. N., Alkharisi, M. A. A., Ibrahim, Y. S. J., et al. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109731 · Cited by 7
Prediction of 24‐Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Machine‐Learning Algorithms
Hamaya, R., Wang, M., Juraschek, S. P., Mukamal, K. J., Manson, J. E., Tobias, D. K., Sun, Q., Curhan, G. C., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.034310 · Cited by 7
Morin, F., Douillet, D., Hamel, J., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041118 · Cited by 7
Mediterranean lifestyle patterns are associated with cognition in older adults
Mamalaki, E., Poulimeneas, D., Kosmidis, M. H., & Yannakoulia, M. (2021) · Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1002/lim2.30 · Cited by 9
Misiak, M., & Kurpas, D. (2022) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.17219/acem/155921 · Cited by 7
Affendi, N. H. K., Babiker, J., & Yusof, M. Y. P. M. (2023) · Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science · doi:10.5051/jpis.2105000250 · Cited by 6
Arrepia, B. F., Rocha, T. G., de Medeiros, A. S., et al. (2023) · Oral Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11282-023-00693-8 · Cited by 6
“The study design followed the STROBE guideline for observational studies [16].”
MethodSantibañez-Bedolla, K. E., Orozco-Uriarte, M. J., Alvarez, J. A., Macías, A. E., & Medina, L. F. A. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03172-y · Cited by 7
“The STROBE guidelines.”
MethodInfluentialJoseph, N., Robertson, F. P., Lucocq, J. E., et al. (2024) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2024.01.016 · Cited by 6
Genel, F., Harris, I. A., Pavlovic, N., Lewin, A. M., Mittal, R., Huang, A., Penm, J. H.-D., Patanwala, A. E., Brady, B., Adie, S., et al. (2024) · Arthroplasty · doi:10.1186/s42836-024-00234-6 · Cited by 6
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were used in reporting this study [27].”
MethodAtuheire, C., Simiyu, A., Taremwa, M., Ssali, S., Mwiine, F. N., Kankya, C., & Mugimba, K. K. (2024) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2024.47.129.31622 · Cited by 7
“We have been able to report our findings in accordance with STROBE guidelines [17].”
ResultMoratin, J., Maas, T., Horn, D., et al. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05606-5 · Cited by 6
“The presented manuscript was prepared according to the STROBE guidelines [ 20 ].”
Chrabańska, M., Szweda-Gandor, N., Rynkiewicz, M., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25073916 · Cited by 6
Teshigawara, T., Akaishi, M., Mizuki, Y., et al. (2024) · Ophthalmology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40123-024-00940-z · Cited by 6
“This research paper was written using the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies [21].”
MethodEklöv, K., Shiferaw, A., Rosen, A., et al. (2024) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1002/wjs.12209 · Cited by 6
Prognostic factors in uterine adenosarcoma: subanalysis of the SARCUT study
Mancari, R., YILDIRIM, Y., Mačuks, R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1393707 · Cited by 6
“This manuscript was prepared in accordance with STROBE guidelines (14).”
MethodInflammatory Cells in Control and Prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament Tissue
Orlicky, D. J., Smith, E. E., Johnson, J., Hilton, A. E., Guess, M. K., Rascoff, L. G., Arruda, J. S., Hutchinson-Colas, J. A., Yang, I. V., & Connell, K. A. (2024) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-024-01618-4 · Cited by 6
“A Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to guide the experimental design and reporting of the demographic data presented here [18].”
MethodGupta, S., Mendiratta, A. K., Shaikh, M. A., et al. (2024) · International Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100892 · Cited by 6
da Silva, T. M. R., de Sá, A. C. M. G. N., Carrato, B. A., et al. (2024) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13375 · Cited by 6
Hald, J. T., El‐Galaly, A., Petersen, M. M., et al. (2024) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.2340/17453674.2024.41257 · Cited by 6
“This study is a retrospective observational register study and the reporting complies with the STROBE statement [ 9 ].”
MethodBakaloudi, D. R., Koehne, E. L., Diamantopoulos, L. N., et al. (2024) · Clinical Genitourinary Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102208 · Cited by 6
Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Angiopathy in European Patients
Brokbals, M., Pilgram-Pastor, S. M., Focke, J. K., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.046859 · Cited by 6
Association between Hip/Groin Pain and Hip ROM and Strength in Elite Female Soccer Players
Jaenada-Carrilero, E., Baraja-Vegas, L., Blanco-Gímenez, P., Gallego-Estevez, R., Bautista, I. J., & Mampel, J. V. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13185648 · Cited by 6
“The trial adhered to the STROBE guidelines for both the design and progression of the participants [28].”
MethodPrevalence of risk factors among adolescents who attempted suicide: a cross-sectional study
de Souza, D. M., Treichel, C. A. D. S., Ribeiro, L. G. M., Ferrer, A. P. S., & Rossato, L. M. (2024) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2024-0197en · Cited by 6
Badrov, M., Marović, D., & Tadin, A. (2024) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics13111061 · Cited by 6
“In writing the scientific paper, the authors followed the CHERRIES checklist and STROBE guidelines [49,50].”
Moura, B., Salazar, F., Costa, R., Cabral, C. T., & Reis, C. (2024) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj12120376 · Cited by 6
Prognostic factors for autotransplanted third molars with completely formed roots
Xia, J., Ge, Z., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2024.10.004 · Cited by 6
Uijterwijk, B. A., Moekotte, A. L., Boggi, U., et al. (2024) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2024.11.013 · Cited by 6
Dessai, A. S., Chakrabarty, J., & Sulochana, B. (2024) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101899 · Cited by 8
Mullin, J. P., Quiceno, E., Soliman, M. A. R., et al. (2025) · The Spine Journal · doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2025.01.001 · Cited by 6
Diehl, T. M., Ahmed, K. S., Pourdashti, S., et al. (2025) · JCO Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/go-24-00336 · Cited by 6
Moein, M., Bahreini, A., Razavi, A. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2024.12.055 · Cited by 6
Baek, J. H., Grewal, S., Karam, K. A., Hanlon, E. R., Abohashem, S., Seligowski, A. V., Henry, M., Osborne, M. T., Nierenberg, A. A., & Tawakol, A. A. (2025) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13516 · Cited by 6
“This retrospective cohort study is reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines [22].”
Lehnerer, S. M., Herdick, M. L., Mevius, A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91372-7 · Cited by 6
“The STROBE reporting guidelines for observational studies have been applied 9 .”
Powla, P. P., Turaka, D., & Fakhri, F. (2025) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-025-01559-7 · Cited by 6
“This study adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [43].”
Wan, L., Yuan, Q., Tang, M., et al. (2025) · Practical Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.plabm.2025.e00467 · Cited by 6
“In accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [10], we submitted a series of issues related to the screening of experimental subjects and experimental methods to the Ethics Committee of Ya ’ an People ’ s Hospital for review and…”
Camargo, A., Tagliaferri, S. D., D’Alfonso, S., Zhang, T., Munoz, Z., Davies, P., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., van Berkel, N., Kostakos, V., & Schmaal, L. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251330509 · Cited by 6
Jesus, F., Costello, N. B., Kondo, E., Francisco, R., Nunes, C. L., Matu, J., Sardinha, L. B., Murphy‐Alford, A. J., Luke, A. H., Pontzer, H., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0225 · Cited by 7
Forville, H., de Andrade, P. L. R., Machado, A. G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105825 · Cited by 6
Corazzelli, G., Ileyassoff, H., Corvino, S., et al. (2025) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-025-08985-9 · Cited by 6
“This study strongly adhered to the Declaration of Hel - sinki and local ethical guidelines [10], and to the STROBE guidelines for retrospective observational cohort studies [11 ].”
Bahadori, F., Asadollahi, A., Ghajari, O., & Yarelahi, M. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02913-8 · Cited by 6
“The study followed the Helsinki Declaration and STROBE guidelines [31]], received approval from the Ethics Committee of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (IR.”
Şensoy, Ö., Çağlar, S., Aybı, E., et al. (2025) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.70082 · Cited by 6
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“STROBE guidelines for observational studies were followed, and all elements in the checklist for cross-sectional studies are presented in content and structure [23].”
Calcagno, T., Issa, R., Massad, F. I., Kaelber, D. C., Martyn, T., & Agdamag, A. C. (2025) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2025.06.013 · Cited by 6
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Milone, M., Kooij, C. D., Manigrasso, M., et al. (2025) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-025-11977-x · Cited by 6
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Learning Curve for da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System Cholecystectomy
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“This study is reported according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline [42,43].”
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Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Postpartum Period: A Mixed-Methods Study
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Nurse Practice Environment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover and Patient Falls
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“This study adhered to the TRIPOD + AI statement and the Artificial Intelligence in Dental Research: Check-list for Authors, Reviewers, and Readers statement and the STROBE guidelines for human observational studies in addition to the checklist for AI-specific guidelines [24–26].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuschieri, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Malta (MT)
- Corresponding author
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- ORCID
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- Venue
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 31
- ISSN
- 0975-3125 (ISSN-L)
- 1658-354X
- PMC
- PMC6398292
- OpenAlex
- W2915365125
- Semantic Scholar
- 86b49d808e17f22c01f936fc2b4c6e125c94e84d
- Cited by
- 4,331
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1091 · 2025: 1137 · 2024: 944 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 96.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OAR@UM (University of Malta) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- STROBE guidelines, reporting quality, observational studies, manuscript preparation, critical appraisal, reporting checklist, scientific publications
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