The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 12 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The STROBE guidelines
Open accessAbstract
An observational study is a type of epidemiological study design, which can take the form of a cohort, a case-control, or a cross-sectional study. When presenting observational studies in manuscripts, an author needs to ascertain a clear presentation of the work and provide the reader with appropriate information to enable critical appraisal of the research. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study. The original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines together with their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed. These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal. The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on. The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article is a narrative overview of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, intended to help authors present cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies clearly enough for critical appraisal. It walks through the 22-item checklist and explains what each section of a manuscript should report.
Key findings
- The STROBE guidelines consist of 22 checklist items; 18 are common to all three observational designs (cohort, case–control, cross-sectional), while 4 items (numbers 6, 12, 14, and 15) vary by study design.
- The guidelines were developed in 2004 through a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors.
- The author stresses that STROBE is not a methodological framework for conducting observational studies, nor a quality-evaluation instrument, nor a means of standardizing manuscripts — it is an aid to transparent reporting.
- The guidelines discourage the terms "prospective," "retrospective," "concurrent," and "historical," instead encouraging authors to describe the actual methodology.
Methods
- Design: narrative review/educational overview of the STROBE guidelines.
- Data: the original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines and their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed; the checklist is reproduced from Vandenbroucke et al.
- Analysis: descriptive, item-by-item explanation of the 22 checklist items grouped by manuscript section (title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, other information).
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper: the article reports no formal limitations section and declares no conflicts of interest and no financial support.
- Evident from the text: the review describes no systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or appraisal of the source literature, so it functions as an explanatory summary rather than a systematic review.
- Evident from the text: the article presents no empirical data or evaluation of whether compliance with STROBE actually improves reporting quality or publication outcomes, despite asserting that complying authors "are more likely to succeed in publishing."
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 12 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[34]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 4
In the paper
“To ascertain high-quality reporting of observational studies, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were developed following a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors in 2004.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal's editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Eighteen items are common to all the three observational designs, that is, cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having a thorough understanding of the STROBE guidelines is therefore becoming a requisite for authors who wish to conduct and publish an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Conclusion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
In the paper
“These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal.”
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
“A total of 22 checklist items contribute to the STROBE guidelines.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
In the paper
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“These guidelines were created to aid in the presentation of the conducted observational study to ensure adequate reporting (what was planned, done, found, and concluded) as well as assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the study.[12]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“The aim of the STROBE guidelines was to provide a readily available checklist to ensure a clear presentation of what was planned and conducted in an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The STROBE Guidelines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Schriger, 2005, Ann Emerg Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the remaining four checklist items (items number 6, 12, 14, and 15) have specific variations according to the study design.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on.”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“In no way were these guidelines established to provide a methodological framework for conducting an observational study.[1]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
- Not checked yetcites [2] von, 2007, BMJ
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The method used to establish the study size needs to be reported along with the confidence intervals considered. This is essential for the reader to ascertain whether sufficient statistical precision has been attained in the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
“A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Authors complying with the STROBE guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
“The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.
“Furthermore, researchers have to keep in mind that causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE criteria [16].”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To assess reporting completeness and quality of included studies, two authors (CVD with either EJMM or EB) independently assessed included studies according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [14–16] and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale [17, 18], respectively.”
From The aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial maternal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · cited 2×
“[1] Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.”
BackgroundMethodVandenbroucke, J. P., von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297 · Cited by 8,613 · cited 7×
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309 · cited 1×
“[1,2] Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[3,4] Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal’s editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.”
Backgroundvon Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.012 · Cited by 2,698
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Suggestions for Improving the Reporting of Clinical Research: The Role of Narrative
Schriger, D. L. (2005) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.022 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
BackgroundWASP (Write a Scientific Paper): Understanding research metrics
Cuschieri, S. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.01.015 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“Citation of published manuscripts is imperative for the enhancement of the researcher’s research metrics and for increasing the prestigious acknowledgement of the researcher and his or her work within the scientific community.[6] The abstract should include a brief summary of the study and present only information fou…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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Items 301–400 of 1,002
Henney, A. E., Riley, D. R. J., O'Connor, B., Hydes, T., Anson, M., Zhao, S. S., Alam, U., & Cuthbertson, D. J. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15708 · Cited by 18
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“…findings were documented following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional studies [46]. following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional studies [46].”
MethodZucchi, B., Mangone, M., Agostini, F., Paoloni, M., Petriello, L., Bernetti, A., Santilli, V., & Villani, C. (2020) · BioResearch open access · doi:10.1089/biores.2019.0035 · Cited by 18
“This study was developed in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.(14)”
MethodDelgado‐Delgado, R., Iriarte‐Álvarez, N., Valera‐Calero, J. A., Centenera-Centenera, M. B., Garnacho‐Garnacho, V. E., & Gallego‐Sendarrubias, G. M. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.13961 · Cited by 18
Li, X., Zhang, L., Song, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Endovascular Therapy · doi:10.1177/15266028211036478 · Cited by 18
Zhang, H., Wang, C.-C., Zhang, R., et al. (2022) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01733-6 · Cited by 18
“All findings were reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [31].”
MethodLiu, G., Tao, L., Zhu, Q., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1027262 · Cited by 18
“This study was conducted according to the “Guidelines for Strengthening Reports of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)” (23).”
MethodA global perspective on the governance-health nexus
Azimi, M. N., Rahman, M. M., & Nghiem, S. H. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-10261-9 · Cited by 20
“(1), except for the PCGDP , the following long-run multivariate panel equation is specificed: (1) Moreover, for well-presented methods and results, the study follows the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [56].”
MethodDvořák, V., Petráš, M., Dvořák, V., et al. (2024) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2024.2343552 · Cited by 17
Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota—A Narrative Review
Lundtorp-Olsen, C., Markvart, M., Twetman, S. H. A., & Belstrøm, D. (2024) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens13050419 · Cited by 17
“In addition, an internationally agreed best practice guideline on clinical trials on oral probiotics should be developed by the probiotic scientific community, inspired by important guidelines such as the STROBE guidelines [123] and the PRISMA guidelines [124].”
BackgroundSun, D., Zhang, X., Li, J., Liu, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, J., & Cui, M. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02291-3 · Cited by 24
“The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [24].”
MethodGonzález-Álvarez, M. E., Riquelme-Aguado, V., González-Pérez, Á., Murillo-Llergo, R., Manjón-Olmedillas, M., Turroni, S., Rossettini, G., & Villafañe, J. H. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13201719 · Cited by 20
“This is a cross-sectional study of a randomized control trial approved by the ethics committee from the King Juan Carlos University number 1601202303523 and reported according to the “STROBE” checklist for observational studies [26].”
MethodJanatolmakan, M., Karampour, A., Rezaeian, S., & Khatony, A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40225 · Cited by 22
Boros, E., Pintér, J., Molontay, R., Prószéky, K. G., Vörhendi, N., Simon, O. A., Teutsch, B., Pálinkás, D., Frim, L., Tari, E., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90986-1 · Cited by 18
“Our observational cohort study is following the criteria of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines 27 .”
Frailty Trajectories Following Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Mortality in Older Women With Breast Cancer
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“The results were reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [41].”
Wang, X., Tao, Y., Gao, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1585279 · Cited by 17
Wendt, S. J., Dinh, C. T., Sutcliffe, M. G., Jones, K., Scanlan, J. M., & Smitherman, J. S. (2025) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.1016/j.fhj.2025.100450 · Cited by 24
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“This was an observational, retrospective study, which was conducted on the basis of the Strengthening and the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines of the Equator network.(5)”
MethodAn, H., Zheng, W., Zhu, Q., et al. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.14242 · Cited by 17
“Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were followed (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodA biopsychosocial model of NICU family adjustment and child development
Grunberg, V. A., Geller, P. A., Hoffman, C., & Patterson, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-022-01585-1 · Cited by 18
“We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines [28].”
MethodPerisano, C., Cannella, A., Polichetti, C., et al. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59020344 · Cited by 17
Normative isometric plantarflexion strength values for professional level, male rugby union athletes
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“Results were reported following the STROBE guidelines [20].”
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“This study is reported following the STROBE guidelines [14].”
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“We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines for cross-sectional studies [41].”
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“Where possible, this investigation adhered to STROBE reporting guidelines for observational studies [32].”
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“The STROBE guidelines were used to ensure the reporting of this observational study [10].”
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“[26]”
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“For quality assessment, the standardized MINORS score and STROBE system [31–33], as well as QUADAS 2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2) (Figure 2) [34] were used to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of the data presented in the selected scientific publications.”
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“This study was conducted in compliance with the STROBE criteria (17).”
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Shukla, G. G., Wu, A. E., Matur, A. V., et al. (2023) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004668 · Cited by 16
Fitria, N., Idrus, L. R., Putri, A. R., et al. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231173227 · Cited by 16
“This research followed the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline in conducting the study.(11,12)”
MethodAzeez, S. A., Mustafa, F. A., & Ahmed, R. M. (2023) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings13051224 · Cited by 16
“For the publication bias, Egger’s test and Begg’s test were used for calculation (intercept, 95% CI, Kendall’s Tau, and significance level).”
BackgroundMethodPournajaf, S., Pellicciari, L., Proietti, S., Agostini, F., Gabbani, D., Goffredo, M., Damiani, C., & Franceschini, M. (2023) · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.1097/mrr.0000000000000584 · Cited by 16
Mierzwa, A. T., Kasab, S. A., Nelson, A., Ortega‐Gutiérrez, S., Vivanco‐Suarez, J., Farooqui, M., Jadhav, A. P., Desai, S. M., Tóth, G., Alrohimi, A., et al. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.043579 · Cited by 16
Mid-upper arm circumference as a screening tool for identifying underweight adolescents
Musa, I. R., Omar, S. M., AlE'ed, A. A., Al‐Nafeesah, A., & Adam, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1200077 · Cited by 16
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) standard checklists were followed (16).”
MethodEche, I. J., Orellana, L., Becker, D., Bona, K. O., Avery, M. E., Feudtner, C., Freedman, J. L., Kang, T. I., Rosenberg, A. R., Waldman, E. D., et al. (2024) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35432 · Cited by 17
“22”
Uijterwijk, B. A., Lemmers, D. H. L., Ghidini, M., et al. (2024) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-024-15555-8 · Cited by 16
Butsing, N., Voss, J. G., Keandoungchun, J., Thongniran, N., & Griffin, M. T. Q. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-84454-5 · Cited by 18
Metabolic Fingerprint of Acromegaly and Its Potential Usefulness in Clinical Practice
Biagetti, B., Herance, J. R., Ferrer, R., Aulinas, A., Palomino‐Schätzlein, M., Mesa, J., Castano, J. P., Luque, R. M., & Simó, R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101549 · Cited by 16
“A case-control study following the Strobe rules was designed [19] A total of 30 patients with ACRO (16 males and 14 females), consecutively recruited from 1 February 2016 to 31 January 2017 at the outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology Department at Vall d’Hebron and 30 age-matched controls were included in the study.”
MethodKhayat, S., Cassese, G., Quénet, F., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13020200 · Cited by 16
“This is a single institution observational retrospective study, conducted according to the Strengthening and the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines of the EQUATOR network [22].”
MethodPham, T. M., Frich, L. H., Lambertsen, K. L., et al. (2021) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2021/8897440 · Cited by 16
“The study is reported according to STROBE guidelines [22].”
Matthews, T. A., Chen, L., & Li, J. (2022) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2021-0233 · Cited by 19
“We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines 31) .”
MethodShift Work, Psychological Health Disorders, and Job Security Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Alghamdi, R., & Bahari, G. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13030221 · Cited by 18
Atypical depression and emotion dysregulation: Clinical and psychopathological features
Fornaro, M., Caiazza, C., Pistone, L., Crincoli, W., Pezone, R., Prisco, M. D., Oliva, V., Cilmi, F., Tufano, G., Miola, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.02.034 · Cited by 17
Caillet, A., Dauvergne, J. E., Poiroux, L., et al. (2025) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.70055 · Cited by 15
“Reporting adhered to the STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies [24].”
Association between Self-Reported Chewing Status and Glycemic Control in Japanese Adults
Iwai, K., Azuma, T., Yonenaga, T., Ekuni, D., Watanabe, K., Obora, A., Deguchi, F., Kojima, T., Morita, M., & Tomofuji, T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189548 · Cited by 15
“The present study examined whether the self-reported chewing status is associated with glycemic control in a Japanese population that underwent regular health checkups [8].”
BackgroundCardiotoxicity model-based patient selection for Hodgkin lymphoma proton therapy
Loap, P., Orlandi, E. M., Marzi, L. D., Vitolo, V., Barcellini, A., Iannalfi, A., Dendale, R., Kirova, Y., & Mirandola, A. (2022) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/0284186x.2022.2084639 · Cited by 15
“This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the Institut Curie (Paris, France) and conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines [16] (Supplementary Material).”
MethodRistau, P., Wnent, J., Gräsner, J., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274314 · Cited by 15
“It is reported according to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement [15].”
MethodCastro-Méndez, A., Palomo-Toucedo, I. C., Pabón‐Carrasco, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416536 · Cited by 15
Sun, C.-H., Chou, Y., Lee, Y.-S., Weng, S., Lin, C.-F., Kuo, F.-H., Hsu, P.-S., & Lin, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010348 · Cited by 15
Kuzo, N., Haen, E., Ho, D. M., Takeuchi, H., Piras, M., Eap, C. B., de Filippis, R., Homan, P., Kane, J. M., Roy, M., et al. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01542-1 · Cited by 17
“For both available datasets, reporting adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines (Supplementary table S1) [16].”
MethodTatah, L., Foley, L. S., Oni, T., Pearce, M., Lwanga, C., Were, V. O., Assah, F. K., Wasnyo, Y. F., Mogo, E., Okello, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103625 · Cited by 15
“To ensure the inclusion of essential survey elements, we reported the study following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodArunachalam, L. T., Suresh, S., Lavu, V., Vedamanickam, S., Sathiyapriya, V., & Nathan, R. D. T. (2023) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.23-0184 · Cited by 15
Arnaout, A. Y., Nerabani, Y., Douba, Z., Kassem, L. H., Arnaout, K., Shabouk, M. B., Zayat, H., Mayo, W., Bezo, Y., Arnaout, I., et al. (2023) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1592 · Cited by 16
“The international cross‐sectional study was conducted in 15 low‐ and middle‐income countries according to our previously published protocol NCT05340400 and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.(4) Participants were recruited in the period from…”
MethodMeregildo-Rodríguez, E. D., Yuptón-Chávez, V., Asmat-Rubio, M. G., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1295299 · Cited by 15
“This article was reported following the guidelines of the STROBE Statement for cross-sectional studies (40) ( Supplementary Table 3 ).”
MethodStatin Use and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Women Taking Hormone Therapy
Davis, J. W., Weller, S. C., Porterfield, L. R., Chen, L., & Wilkinson, G. S. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.48213 · Cited by 16
Zhao, X., Bie, F., Luo, C., & Zhang, J. (2024) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102517 · Cited by 15
Siddiqui, N. Z., Wei, L., Mackenbach, J. D., de Pinho, M. G. M., Helbich, M., Schoonmade, L. J., & Beulens, J. W. J. (2024) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-024-00362-x · Cited by 17
“As is common for various aspects in health research [52], we suggest defining a reporting standard that indicates key items to improve comparability across GPS studies.”
BackgroundThe effect of early rehabilitation after lumbar spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Özden, F., & Koçyiğit, G. Z. (2024) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery : the official publication of the Egyptian Society of Neurological Surgeons/Egyptian journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41984-024-00270-z · Cited by 17
D’Ambrosi, R., Sconfienza, L. M., Albano, D., et al. (2024) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1002/ksa.12219 · Cited by 15
Baglietto, N., Albaladejo-Saura, M., Esparza-Ros, F., & Vaquero‐Cristóbal, R. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17506 · Cited by 16
“A prospective descriptive cross-sectional design was followed, in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for observational studies ( Cuschieri, 2019 ).”
MethodManiam, P. S. G., Acharya, N. K., Sassenberg, A.-M., & Soar, J. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16135806 · Cited by 15
Grunberg, V. A., Presciutti, A., Vranceanu, A., & Lerou, P. H. (2024) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114300 · Cited by 15
Deng, Z., Luo, Y., Chen, X., Pan, T., Rui, Y., Hu, H., Yan, J., Zhang, K., Luo, C., & Song, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1466497 · Cited by 17
“The following study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines (13).”
MethodRaabe, C., Couso‐Queiruga, E., Tjokro, J., et al. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-06033-2 · Cited by 15
“The study design follows the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects and is in accordance with the STROBE guidelines (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) [25].”
The emerging role of the advanced practice epilepsy nurse: A comparative study between two countries
Manzanares, I., Guerra, S. S., Peña‐Ceballos, J., Carreño, M., Cámara, M. P., Lombraña, M., Blanco, E. C., Centeno, M., Donaire, A., Gil-López, F., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15669 · Cited by 15
Sørensen, J. Ø., Rasmussen, A., Roesbjerg, T., Verhulst, F. C., & Pagsberg, A. K. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13360 · Cited by 19
Fazeli, S., Snyder, B. S., Gareen, I. F., Lehman, C. D., Khan, S. A., Romanoff, J., Gatsonis, C. A., Miller, K. D., Sparano, J. A., Comstock, C., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29697 · Cited by 15
Impact of Pain Assessment on Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale Prediction of Patient Outcomes
Davis, S. N. P., Ju, C., Marchandise, P., Diagne, M., & Grant, L. (2022) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.01.014 · Cited by 15
Challenges of senior 8-year-program medical students’ scientific research in China
Wan, M., Liu, S., Zhu, J., et al. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029026 · Cited by 15
“This study was approved by the Medical Review Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (SK1208), followed the STROBE guidelines to report the results.([10]) Figure 1 showed the flow diagram of this study.”
MethodHerrero, A., Boivineau, L., Cassese, G., Assénat, E., Rivière, B., Faure, S., Bedoya, J. U., Panaro, F., Guiu, B., Navarro, F., et al. (2022) · Transplant International · doi:10.3389/ti.2022.10412 · Cited by 15
“This is a single institution observational retrospective study, conducted according to the Strengthening and the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines of the EQUATOR network (26).”
MethodTajdar, D., Schäfer, I., Lühmann, D., Fertmann, R., Steinberg, T., van den Bussche, H., & Scherer, M. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s363823 · Cited by 15
“This manuscript was written according to the STROBE guidelines.(27)”
MethodBerg, A., Hong, C. G., Svirydava, M., Li, H., Parel, P. M., Florida, E. M., O’Hagan, R., Pantoja, C. J., Lateef, S. S., Anzenberg, P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1085 · Cited by 16
Heyer, S., Simon, M., Doyen, M., Mortada, A., Roch, V., Jeanbert, E., Thilly, N., Malaplate, C., Kearney-Schwartz, A., Jonveaux, T., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01535-3 · Cited by 14
“The STROBE statement [17] was used as a reporting guide for the present article.”
Arnaout, A. Y., Alhejazi, T. J., Nerabani, Y., et al. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000035437 · Cited by 14
“in Reporting Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional study.[3]”
BackgroundYu, Y., Kou, J., Guo, F., Zhang, D., Pan, T., Chen, Y.-C., Bao, W., Sun, Y., Zhang, H., & Li, C. (2023) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03650-9 · Cited by 15
“The study adheres to STROBE guidelines [12].”
Bleeding From Band Ligation–induced Ulcers Following the Treatment of Esophageal Varices
Hu, Z., Liu, S., Liu, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001618 · Cited by 14
Compagnoni, S., Gentile, F. R., Baldi, E., Contri, E., Palo, A., Primi, R., Currao, A., Bendotti, S., Ziliani, P., Ormezzano, M. F., et al. (2021) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.050 · Cited by 14
Kasurinen, J., Hagström, J., Kaprio, T., et al. (2022) · Tumor Biology · doi:10.3233/tub-211571 · Cited by 14
“The items included in the Materials and Methods were chosen according to the STROBE statement [26].”
MethodWhat Kinds of Dogs Are Used in Clinical and Experimental Research?
Schulte, E., & Arlt, S. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12121487 · Cited by 15
Lin, M.-T., Wu, H.-W., Chen, H., Tsai, H.-T., & Wu, C. (2022) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2022.11.016 · Cited by 14
Winarto, H., Habiburrahman, M., Kusuma, F., et al. (2023) · The Open Public Health Journal · doi:10.2174/18749445-v16-e230111-2022-182 · Cited by 14
Li, J., Luo, R., Luo, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.028198 · Cited by 14
Soto-Lara, M., Silva-Loredo, M., Córdoba, R., et al. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102932 · Cited by 14
Cheng, W., Chen, H., Tian, L., Ma, Z., & Cui, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1157270 · Cited by 18
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional studies were followed for study reporting (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodPu, R., Fu, M., Yang, G., & Jiang, Z. (2023) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.23-0070 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuschieri, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Malta (MT)
- Corresponding author
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- ORCID
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- Venue
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 31
- ISSN
- 0975-3125 (ISSN-L)
- 1658-354X
- PMC
- PMC6398292
- OpenAlex
- W2915365125
- Semantic Scholar
- 86b49d808e17f22c01f936fc2b4c6e125c94e84d
- Cited by
- 4,331
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1091 · 2025: 1137 · 2024: 944 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 96.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OAR@UM (University of Malta) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- STROBE guidelines, reporting quality, observational studies, manuscript preparation, critical appraisal, reporting checklist, scientific publications
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