The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 12 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The STROBE guidelines
Open accessAbstract
An observational study is a type of epidemiological study design, which can take the form of a cohort, a case-control, or a cross-sectional study. When presenting observational studies in manuscripts, an author needs to ascertain a clear presentation of the work and provide the reader with appropriate information to enable critical appraisal of the research. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study. The original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines together with their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed. These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal. The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on. The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article is a narrative overview of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, intended to help authors present cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies clearly enough for critical appraisal. It walks through the 22-item checklist and explains what each section of a manuscript should report.
Key findings
- The STROBE guidelines consist of 22 checklist items; 18 are common to all three observational designs (cohort, case–control, cross-sectional), while 4 items (numbers 6, 12, 14, and 15) vary by study design.
- The guidelines were developed in 2004 through a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors.
- The author stresses that STROBE is not a methodological framework for conducting observational studies, nor a quality-evaluation instrument, nor a means of standardizing manuscripts — it is an aid to transparent reporting.
- The guidelines discourage the terms "prospective," "retrospective," "concurrent," and "historical," instead encouraging authors to describe the actual methodology.
Methods
- Design: narrative review/educational overview of the STROBE guidelines.
- Data: the original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines and their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed; the checklist is reproduced from Vandenbroucke et al.
- Analysis: descriptive, item-by-item explanation of the 22 checklist items grouped by manuscript section (title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, other information).
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper: the article reports no formal limitations section and declares no conflicts of interest and no financial support.
- Evident from the text: the review describes no systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or appraisal of the source literature, so it functions as an explanatory summary rather than a systematic review.
- Evident from the text: the article presents no empirical data or evaluation of whether compliance with STROBE actually improves reporting quality or publication outcomes, despite asserting that complying authors "are more likely to succeed in publishing."
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 12 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[34]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 4
In the paper
“To ascertain high-quality reporting of observational studies, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were developed following a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors in 2004.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal's editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Eighteen items are common to all the three observational designs, that is, cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having a thorough understanding of the STROBE guidelines is therefore becoming a requisite for authors who wish to conduct and publish an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Conclusion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
In the paper
“These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal.”
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
“A total of 22 checklist items contribute to the STROBE guidelines.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
In the paper
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“These guidelines were created to aid in the presentation of the conducted observational study to ensure adequate reporting (what was planned, done, found, and concluded) as well as assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the study.[12]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“The aim of the STROBE guidelines was to provide a readily available checklist to ensure a clear presentation of what was planned and conducted in an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The STROBE Guidelines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Schriger, 2005, Ann Emerg Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the remaining four checklist items (items number 6, 12, 14, and 15) have specific variations according to the study design.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on.”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“In no way were these guidelines established to provide a methodological framework for conducting an observational study.[1]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
- Not checked yetcites [2] von, 2007, BMJ
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The method used to establish the study size needs to be reported along with the confidence intervals considered. This is essential for the reader to ascertain whether sufficient statistical precision has been attained in the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
“A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Authors complying with the STROBE guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
“The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.
“Furthermore, researchers have to keep in mind that causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE criteria [16].”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To assess reporting completeness and quality of included studies, two authors (CVD with either EJMM or EB) independently assessed included studies according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [14–16] and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale [17, 18], respectively.”
From The aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial maternal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · cited 2×
“[1] Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.”
BackgroundMethodVandenbroucke, J. P., von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297 · Cited by 8,613 · cited 7×
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309 · cited 1×
“[1,2] Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[3,4] Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal’s editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.”
Backgroundvon Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.012 · Cited by 2,698
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Suggestions for Improving the Reporting of Clinical Research: The Role of Narrative
Schriger, D. L. (2005) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.022 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
BackgroundWASP (Write a Scientific Paper): Understanding research metrics
Cuschieri, S. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.01.015 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“Citation of published manuscripts is imperative for the enhancement of the researcher’s research metrics and for increasing the prestigious acknowledgement of the researcher and his or her work within the scientific community.[6] The abstract should include a brief summary of the study and present only information fou…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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1 of the 8 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Items 801–900 of 1,002
Factors Affecting the Elderly's Quality of Life in the Middle East: A Systematic Review
Zanjari, N., Bahrami, G., Koochi, M. N., & Arani, Z. A. (2021) · Journal of Education and Community Health · doi:10.52547/jech.8.2.143 · Cited by 8
Sahli‐Vivicorsi, S., Alavi, Z., Bran, W., et al. (2022) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-022-07262-5 · Cited by 8
“This study was conducted in line with the STROBES guidelines for observational studies [39] and was approved by the ethics committee (IRB of Brest University Hospital, March 23, 2021).”
MethodAllner, M., Gostian, M., Balk, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-022-00932-5 · Cited by 8
Greaney, C., Bohan, K., Tecklenborg, S., Casserly, B. P., Green, J., van de Ven, P. W. J., Robinson, K., & Tierney, A. C. (2022) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.13533.1 · Cited by 8
Amjadi, F., Zandieh, Z., Mehdizadeh, M., Ajdary, M., Aghamajidi, A., Raoufi, E., & Aflatoonian, R. (2022) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000476 · Cited by 8
“In this observational study, STROBE checklist was used for data collection and reporting (18).”
MethodMousavi, H., Ghanbari, A., Karkhah, S., Alizadeh, J., Leyli, E. K., & Jafaraghaee, F. (2022) · The Journal of Vascular Access · doi:10.1177/11297298221101804 · Cited by 8
“15”
Zhou, Y., & Shi, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.895348 · Cited by 8
“Subjects This retrospective study adheres to the STROBE guidelines (49).”
MethodMonti, L., Franchi, M., Ursino, N., et al. (2022) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v93i3.12677 · Cited by 8
“The study was conducted following the STROBE checklist for cohort studies (15).”
MethodDefining the optimal time to appendectomy: A step toward precision surgery
Kabir, T., Syn, N. L. X., Shaw, V., et al. (2022) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2022.04.021 · Cited by 8
Sleep and mental health in pregnancy during COVID-19: A parallel process growth model
Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Rioux, C., MacKinnon, A., Silang, K., Roos, L. E., Lebel, C. A., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.05.011 · Cited by 8
An Observational Study Using Ultrasound to Assess Allowable Needle Insertion Range of Acupoint CV12
Chu, H., Kim, J.-H., Park, S., et al. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10091707 · Cited by 8
“All methods utilized in these clinical trials were performed in accordance with the STROBE guideline and regulations [11].”
MethodFeasibility to estimate mean systemic filling pressure with inspiratory holds at the bedside
Wijnberge, M., Jansen, J. R. C., Pinsky, M. R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1041730 · Cited by 8
“The study is written according to the Strobe guidelines for cohort studies and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (von Elm et al., 2007; Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodNelson, D., McGonagle, I., Jackson, C., Tsuro, T., Scott, E., Gussy, M., & Kane, R. (2023) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol30020122 · Cited by 8
“This study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline for cross-sectional studies [24].”
MethodNagraj, S., Varrias, D., Kharawala, A., et al. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.21037/cdt-22-371 · Cited by 8
Chrabańska, M., Rynkiewicz, M., Kiczmer, P., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041202 · Cited by 8
Khan, I. A., Sutton, R. M., Cozzarelli, N. F., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2023.02.070 · Cited by 8
Abaturov, A., & Нікуліна, А. О. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.15584/ejcem.2023.1.1 · Cited by 8
Moyo, E., Dzobo, M., Moyo, P. N., Murewanhema, G., Chitungo, I. J. B., & Dzinamarira, T. (2023) · Human Factors in Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.hfh.2023.100039 · Cited by 10
Teague, H., Li, H., Berg, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.044 · Cited by 8
Rosien, L., van Dijk, P. R., Oskam, J., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.05.030 · Cited by 8
The power of partnership: Exploring collaboration dynamics in U.S. transplant research
Faria, I. M. D. F., Montalvan, A., Cañizares, S., Martins, P. N. A., Weber, G. M., Kazimi, M. M., & Eckhoff, D. E. (2023) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.10.008 · Cited by 8
Representation of Women Authorship in the Top 5 Transplantation Journals in the United States
Faria, I. M. D. F., Montalvan, A., Kazimi, M. M., Martins, P. N. A., & Eckhoff, D. E. (2023) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000004844 · Cited by 9
Neuroma-to-Nerve Ratio: Does Size Matter?
Weigel, D. T., Raasveld, F. V., Liu, W., Mayrhofer‐Schmid, M., Hwang, C. D., Tereshenko, V., Renthal, W. R., Woolf, C. J., Valerio, I. L., & Eberlin, K. R. (2024) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000003166 · Cited by 8
Connolly, J., & Peisah, C. (2022) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.15916 · Cited by 8
Sant’Ana, J. C. P., dos Santos, J., da Silva, P. G., et al. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia · doi:10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2023v69n2.3644 · Cited by 7
Changoh, C. M., Tatah, L., Aroke, D., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17753-1 · Cited by 7
“We reported the study in accordance with the STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies [14].”
ResultLearning curve of Persona Partial Knee (PPK) arthroplasty: a clinical trial
D’Ambrosi, R., Milinkovic, D. D., Migliorini, F., et al. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07215-5 · Cited by 7
“The study was conducted by following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology: the STROBE checklist [21].”
MethodPrepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults
Muñoz‐Vergara, D., Wayne, P. M., Kim, E.-J., Lee, I.-M. M., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., & Sesso, H. D. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55808 · Cited by 7
Quadriceps muscle reaction time in obese children
Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Méndez-Rebolledo, G., Sazo‐Rodríguez, S., Salazar‐Méndez, J., Valdes-Badilla, P., Núñez-Espinosa, C. A., & Herrera-Valenzuela, T. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17050 · Cited by 7
“The study utilized a cross-sectional design and followed the guidelines outlined in the STROBE statement ( Cuschieri, 2019 ).”
MethodLenardt, M. H., Leta, P. R. G., Cechinel, C., Rodrigues, J. A. M., Betiolli, S. E., & Binotto, M. A. (2024) · Aquichan · doi:10.5294/aqui.2024.24.1.7 · Cited by 7
“…to social distancing and isolation yes no yes no Non-frail elderly without the "decreased physical activity" marker For the systematic construction of the observational study, we used the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE [20]).”
Farhat, T., Nahouli, H., Hajjar, M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1382514 · Cited by 7
“The study design and analysis were reported in accordance with the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines (25).”
MethodUnderstanding health literacy in men: a cross-sectional survey
Mursa, R., Patterson, C., McErlean, G., & Halcomb, E. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19223-0 · Cited by 11
“The STROBE checklist was followed to ensure study quality [25].”
MethodCassese, G., Han, H., Lee, B., et al. (2024) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-024-11091-4 · Cited by 7
“This study was conducted according to the Strengthening and Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines of the EQUATOR network [21].”
MethodFactors associated with medication non-adherence among patients with heart failure
de Lima, J. G., de Barros, A. L. B. L., & Lopes, J. D. L. (2024) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6756.4302 · Cited by 7
Lucatelli, P., Rocco, B., Argirò, R., et al. (2024) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-024-01877-w · Cited by 7
“The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines [17].”
MethodLuz, V. C. C., & Pereira, S. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Medical Technology · doi:10.3389/fmedt.2024.1413637 · Cited by 9
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines are one of the most frequently used to guide authors in planning and presenting their work clearly and support readers with adequate information for a proper critical appraisal of their work (61, 62).”
MethodLewis, J. E., Patel, M. M., Lim, S. E., Wolf, S. E., & Song, J. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.161973 · Cited by 7
Gender and couple status differences in advance care planning: a cross-sectional study
Baughman, K. R., Ludwick, R. E., Audi, A., & Harlan, L. (2024) · Palliative Care and Social Practice · doi:10.1177/26323524241287221 · Cited by 7
“The reporting of this study conforms to the STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies 33 (Supplemental File).”
MethodWang, Y., Xiong, C., Yu, W., Zhou, M., Shugg, T., Hsu, F., Eadon, M. T., Su, J., & Song, Q. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2024.115114 · Cited by 8
Li, K. R., Huffman, S. S., Gupta, N. J., Truong, B. N., Lava, C. X., Rohrich, R. N., Atves, J. N., Steinberg, J. S., Akbari, C. M., Youn, R. C., et al. (2024) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000011865 · Cited by 7
“Cohorts were grouped by time period of when FTT was performed throughout the years, which was divided in 2020, a year that was affected during COVID-19.”
Zou, X., Zou, H.-L., Luo, X., et al. (2025) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2025.103876 · Cited by 7
Samir, A. A., Elamir, A. H., Helal, M. B., Goudy, Y. M., Elbarbary, K., El‐mezayen, M. Y., Elenien, W. I. A., Abdelazim, E. H., Mabrouk, M. A., the ASE-Egypt Group, et al. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-06805-8 · Cited by 7
Allner, M., Rak, A., Balk, M., Rupp, R., Almajali, O., Tamse, H., Gschoßmann, J., Sievert, M., Müller, S. K., Koch, M., et al. (2025) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-025-09204-3 · Cited by 13
“: 486_18 B) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki as well as the STROBE guidelines [35, 36].”
Khan, S. S., Ahmad, R., Munir, A., Nasir, S., Adnan, M., Naveed, F., Idrees, U., Fatima, S. M., & Iqbal, J. (2025) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1002/wjs.12504 · Cited by 9
“The study follows STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies [8] (highlighted shows addition).”
InfluentialGraus, M. U. J. E., van Diepen, A. E., Josemanders, K., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115385 · Cited by 7
Fuchs, J., Rabaux‐Eygasier, L., Hery, G., et al. (2025) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-025-17245-5 · Cited by 7
“The study was reported according to the STROBE (Strength-ening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) recommendations 11 (the STROBE checklist is provided in electronic supplementary material 1).”
Corazzelli, G., Bocchetti, A., Filippelli, M., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17071177 · Cited by 7
“The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [13].”
Li, C., Lin, Y., Cheng, J., Xu, D., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1588271 · Cited by 7
Use of new aspiration thrombectomy delivery catheter: a multicenter experience
Aghaebrahim, A., Toledo, O. F. D., Rodriguez‐Erazú, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery · doi:10.1136/jnis-2025-023389 · Cited by 7
Naveed, M. A., Ahmed, F., Eltawansy, S. A., et al. (2025) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0000000000001550 · Cited by 7
Tesfaye, M., Gebressilassie, A., Mekonnen, Z. A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-02107-7 · Cited by 7
Sirirattanagool, P., Asavanamuang, P., Jain, S., Tavelli, L., Finkelman, M., Chen, Y., Brahmbhatt, Y., Ntovas, P., & Galárraga-Vinueza, M. E. (2025) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.11387 · Cited by 7
Bantel, D., Chmielewski, W. X., Brähler, E., Stöbel‐Richter, Y., Zenger, M., Weil, K. M., & Berth, H. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03304-9 · Cited by 9
Boukebous, B., Galimard, J., & Biau, D. J. (2025) · Orthopaedics & Traumatology Surgery & Research · doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2025.104390 · Cited by 7
Ho, L. T., Fang, Y., Hsu, P.-S., Wang, J., & Tsai, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19657-5 · Cited by 12
“This study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines for observational studies 25 .”
Hamstring Strain Injury Risk in Soccer: An Exploratory, Hypothesis-Generating Prediction Model
Kekelekis, A., Musa, R. M., Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Clemente, F. M., & Kellis, E. (2025) · Muscles · doi:10.3390/muscles4040050 · Cited by 7
“This study followed an observational cohort design spanning of 30 weeks (August 2018 to April 2019) and aligning with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [40].”
Dwidar, M., Fakhry, S. F., & Elhamid, L. A. A. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03979-w · Cited by 8
“The reporting of this study adheres to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist for cross-sectional studies, ensuring transparent description of participants, study size, variables, bias, and statistical methods [27].”
Global Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Baticulon, R. E., Sy, J. J., Haizel‐Cobbina, J., Du, L., Figueredo, L. F., Hounjet, C. D., Mitchell, R. A., Shlobin, N. A., & Dewan, M. C. (2025) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000003875 · Cited by 11
Zhang, Y., Huang, T., Liu, C., Miller, A. N., Yang, M., Harris, I. A., Sawaguchi, T., Miclau, T., Tian, M., Chui, C. S., et al. (2026) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251412989 · Cited by 8
Miñambres-Martín, D., Martín‐Casas, P., López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva, I., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Valera‐Calero, J. A., & Plaza‐Manzano, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063743 · Cited by 7
Sprajcer, M. A., Stewart, D., Miller, D., et al. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2093213 · Cited by 7
“included in reports of cross-sectional studies (Cuschieri 2019).”
BackgroundNavas-Mosqueda, Á., Valera‐Calero, J. A., Varol, U., et al. (2022) · Tomography · doi:10.3390/tomography8040145 · Cited by 7
Structuring of the effects of oral health literacy on dental caries in 12‐year‐old adolescents
Neves, É. T. B., Dutra, L. D. C., de Lima, L. C. M., et al. (2022) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12777 · Cited by 7
Su, J., Qingting, L., Mao, P., Peng, H., Han, H., Wiley, J. A., Guo, J., & Chen, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610083 · Cited by 7
“This study followed the guidelines of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Checklist for cross-sectional studies (STROBE 2020), which aimed to ensure the quality and specification of study reporting [37].”
MethodSharma, P., Singh, N., & Sharma, S. (2022) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.3460 · Cited by 7
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA) criterion was used to report the study.(18,19) 2.”
MethodNyirenda, J. L. Z., Mbemba, E., Chirwa, M. E., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062009 · Cited by 7
Brandenburg, L. S., Voss, P. J., Mischkowsky, T., et al. (2023) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01899-z · Cited by 7
“The structuring of the manuscript was performed regarding to the STROBE guidelines [30].”
MethodPostpartum urinary incontinence of nulliparous women: A prospective cohort study
Elbiss, H. M., & Abu‐Zidan, F. M. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033171 · Cited by 7
“Our study was reported according to the criteria of the STROBE checklist.[10] This was a prospective cohort study completing the follow-up of all nulliparous women recruited antenatally from 2012 to 2014 in Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain, UAE, reported in a previously published paper.”
MethodAdmiraal, M., van Daalen, J., Ritt, M. W. J., et al. (2023) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/ejh.14017 · Cited by 7
“We reported this study according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.(13) ADMIRAAL ET AL.”
Methodde Moraes, S. H. M., da Cunha, I. P., Lemos, E. F., Abastoflor, L. L. L., Oshiro, M. D. L., BOHRER, R. T. D. D. A., Sarubbi, V., de Souza, F. B., do Nascimento, D. D. G., & de Oliveira, S. M. D. V. L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274927 · Cited by 12
“This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to October 2021, according to the STROBE recommendations [27].”
MethodHallux Limitus Influence on Plantar Pressure Variations during the Gait Cycle: A Case-Control Study
Cuevas-Martínez, C., Vallejo, R., Losa‐Iglesias, M. E., et al. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10070772 · Cited by 7
Schalk, T., Oliero, J., Fedele, E., Trousset, V., & Lefèvre, T. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20146373 · Cited by 8
“As the included studies were all observational studies, we assessed their quality based on their level of compliance with the STROBE recommendations [19].”
MethodBenn, R., Rawson, L., & Phillips, A. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x231187190 · Cited by 7
Empty pelvis syndrome: a retrospective audit from a tertiary cancer center
Nekkanti, S. S., Jajoo, B., Mohan, A., et al. (2023) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-023-03069-y · Cited by 7
“STROBE guidelines were considered for reporting of this study [11].”
Chachos, E., Shen, L., Yap, Y., Maskevich, S., Stone, J., Wiley, J. F., & Bei, B. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.008 · Cited by 7
“Reporting follows the STROBE guidelines for observational studies.(30) The three included studies utilized a prospective ecological momentary assessment design.”
MethodFu, H., She, D., Zhang, H., Guo, J., Zhang, G., Ma, Y., & Han, L. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16858 · Cited by 7
Rahmati, S., Moameri, H., Mohammadi, N. M., et al. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-06006-5 · Cited by 7
“Risk of bias assessment STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in included studies [21].”
MethodDannaway, J., Sharma, G., Raniga, S., Graham, P. L., & Bokor, D. J. (2023) · JSES International · doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2023.09.006 · Cited by 7
Huang, P., Liu, H., Liu, Z., et al. (2023) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/s00701-023-05823-z · Cited by 7
“In such cases, the ablation procedure is considered an effective alternative option [12].”
Khan, I. A., Cozzarelli, N. F., Sutton, R. M., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2023.11.004 · Cited by 7
Dankiw, K. A., Kumar, S., Baldock, K. L., & Tsiros, M. D. (2023) · International Journal of Early Childhood · doi:10.1007/s13158-023-00384-9 · Cited by 10
“This research was informed by and reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Checklist (STROBE Checklist) (Cuschieri, 2019) (see Appendix 1).”
Alwakeel, M. I., Wang, Y., Torbic, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666231224395 · Cited by 7
Does malocclusion affect ingestion: a systematic review
Osta, N. E., Chambon, P., Dol, G., et al. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05508-6 · Cited by 7
“Two investigators (NEO, GD) applied the STROBE GRADE approach [12] to assess the quality of the evidence in the different studies.”
Sánchez-Jorge, M. I., Brinkmann, J. C., Ocaña, R. M. A., et al. (2024) · Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal · doi:10.4317/medoral.26243 · Cited by 7
“The study was conducted following STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines (21).”
MethodDisparities in Eye Care Utilization Among Refugee and Migrant Populations
Copado, I. A., Hallaj, S., Saseendrakumar, B. R., et al. (2024) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.13.2.14 · Cited by 7
“20 This adherence ensured comprehensive reporting of our methodology, participant selection, results, and discussion, promoting transparency and enhancing the reliability of our research outcomes.”
Effect of sarcopenia and frailty on outcomes among patients with brain metastases
Lim, M. J. R., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Y., Khoo, I. W. L., Ying, R. C. V. X., Koh, S. J. Q., Lim, E., Ngam, P. I., Soon, B. K. H., Low, Y. L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-023-04542-w · Cited by 7
“This study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cohort studies [29].”
Measuring evidence-based clinical guideline compliance in the paediatric intensive care unit
Hay, R. E., Martin, D.-A., Rutas, G. J., Jamal, S. M., & Parsons, S. J. (2024) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002485 · Cited by 6
Benavente‐Marín, J. C., Barón-López, F. J., Barcenilla, B. G., Abril, G. L., Aguirre, J. M. R., Pérez‐Farinós, N., & Wärnberǵ, J. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.16990 · Cited by 9
“We reported this study as per the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline (Supplemental STROBE Statement) ( Cuschieri, 2019 ).”
MethodLung cancer among outpatients with COPD: a 7-year cohort study
Henriksen, M. B., Hansen, T. F., Jensen, L. H., Brasen, C. L., Borg, M. H., Hilberg, O., & Løkke, A. (2024) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00064-2024 · Cited by 6
“The article is presented in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting checklist [22].”
Cueto, A., Opazo, J. G., Ramírez, K. S., Parra, M. P., & de Blanc, S. A. L. (2023) · Revista Científica Odontológica · doi:10.21142/2523-2754-1104-2023-177 · Cited by 7
“All the studies were observational, so the quality analysis was based on the STROBE statement 31 with certain modifications.”
MethodInfluentialIzzetti, R., Carli, E., Gennai, S., Giuca, M. R., Graziani, F., & Nisi, M. (2024) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj12050129 · Cited by 7
“The study was reported following the STROBE statement [13].”
MethodSarkar, P., Rifat, M. A., Talukdar, I. H., Saha, N., Neufeld, N. S. R., Miah, M. I., & Saha, S. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.2107 · Cited by 8
Hosseini, R., Parsaei, M., Ali-abad, N. R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology · doi:10.4274/tjod.galenos.2024.54006 · Cited by 7
“This study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline for cohort studies (9) .”
Does voluntary assisted dying impact quality palliative care? A retrospective mixed-method study
Michael, N. G., Jones, D. A., Kernick, L., & Kissane, D. W. (2024) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/spcare-2024-004946 · Cited by 8
Liverpool, S., Moinuddin, M., Bracegirdle, K., Eddison, J., Joseph, S., Aithal, S., Allen, E., Carmichael-Murphy, P., Marsden, J., McKenzie, H., et al. (2024) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000046 · Cited by 9
“This study was guided by the standards for conducting and reporting mixed methods research [43, 44] and informed by The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations [45].”
MethodBandinelli, F., Benucci, M., Mallia, I., Mauro, I., Pecani, N., Gobbi, F. L., Manfredi, M., Guiducci, S., Lari, B., Grossi, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13123534 · Cited by 7
“The reporting of this study conforms to STROBE guidelines [48].”
Dong, H., Wang, X., Xiao, N., Yang, X., Zhang, X., Niu, P., & Chen, T. (2024) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.14041 · Cited by 7
Hantoushzadeh, S., Poorabdoli, M., Parsaei, M., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13900 · Cited by 7
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was followed for reporting the study findings [11].”
Riquelme-Aguado, V., González-Álvarez, M. E., Campo, A. Z.-D., Fernández‐Carnero, J., Crujera, A. G., Gómez‐Esquer, F., & Villafañe, J. H. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102222 · Cited by 7
“A cross-sectional study was designed following STROBE guidelines [27].”
MethodChua, S. K. K., Lim, C. J., Pua, Y., Yang, S.-Y., & Tan, B. Y. (2024) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000003278 · Cited by 9
“Results were reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [11].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuschieri, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Malta (MT)
- Corresponding author
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- ORCID
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- Venue
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 31
- ISSN
- 0975-3125 (ISSN-L)
- 1658-354X
- PMC
- PMC6398292
- OpenAlex
- W2915365125
- Semantic Scholar
- 86b49d808e17f22c01f936fc2b4c6e125c94e84d
- Cited by
- 4,331
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1091 · 2025: 1137 · 2024: 944 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 96.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OAR@UM (University of Malta) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- STROBE guidelines, reporting quality, observational studies, manuscript preparation, critical appraisal, reporting checklist, scientific publications
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