The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 12 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The STROBE guidelines
Open accessAbstract
An observational study is a type of epidemiological study design, which can take the form of a cohort, a case-control, or a cross-sectional study. When presenting observational studies in manuscripts, an author needs to ascertain a clear presentation of the work and provide the reader with appropriate information to enable critical appraisal of the research. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study. The original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines together with their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed. These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal. The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on. The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article is a narrative overview of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, intended to help authors present cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies clearly enough for critical appraisal. It walks through the 22-item checklist and explains what each section of a manuscript should report.
Key findings
- The STROBE guidelines consist of 22 checklist items; 18 are common to all three observational designs (cohort, case–control, cross-sectional), while 4 items (numbers 6, 12, 14, and 15) vary by study design.
- The guidelines were developed in 2004 through a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors.
- The author stresses that STROBE is not a methodological framework for conducting observational studies, nor a quality-evaluation instrument, nor a means of standardizing manuscripts — it is an aid to transparent reporting.
- The guidelines discourage the terms "prospective," "retrospective," "concurrent," and "historical," instead encouraging authors to describe the actual methodology.
Methods
- Design: narrative review/educational overview of the STROBE guidelines.
- Data: the original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines and their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed; the checklist is reproduced from Vandenbroucke et al.
- Analysis: descriptive, item-by-item explanation of the 22 checklist items grouped by manuscript section (title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, other information).
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper: the article reports no formal limitations section and declares no conflicts of interest and no financial support.
- Evident from the text: the review describes no systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or appraisal of the source literature, so it functions as an explanatory summary rather than a systematic review.
- Evident from the text: the article presents no empirical data or evaluation of whether compliance with STROBE actually improves reporting quality or publication outcomes, despite asserting that complying authors "are more likely to succeed in publishing."
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 12 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[34]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 4
In the paper
“To ascertain high-quality reporting of observational studies, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were developed following a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors in 2004.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal's editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Eighteen items are common to all the three observational designs, that is, cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having a thorough understanding of the STROBE guidelines is therefore becoming a requisite for authors who wish to conduct and publish an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Conclusion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
In the paper
“These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal.”
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
“A total of 22 checklist items contribute to the STROBE guidelines.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
In the paper
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“These guidelines were created to aid in the presentation of the conducted observational study to ensure adequate reporting (what was planned, done, found, and concluded) as well as assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the study.[12]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“The aim of the STROBE guidelines was to provide a readily available checklist to ensure a clear presentation of what was planned and conducted in an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The STROBE Guidelines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Schriger, 2005, Ann Emerg Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the remaining four checklist items (items number 6, 12, 14, and 15) have specific variations according to the study design.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on.”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“In no way were these guidelines established to provide a methodological framework for conducting an observational study.[1]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
- Not checked yetcites [2] von, 2007, BMJ
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The method used to establish the study size needs to be reported along with the confidence intervals considered. This is essential for the reader to ascertain whether sufficient statistical precision has been attained in the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
“A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Authors complying with the STROBE guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
“The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.
“Furthermore, researchers have to keep in mind that causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE criteria [16].”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To assess reporting completeness and quality of included studies, two authors (CVD with either EJMM or EB) independently assessed included studies according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [14–16] and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale [17, 18], respectively.”
From The aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial maternal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · cited 2×
“[1] Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.”
BackgroundMethodVandenbroucke, J. P., von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297 · Cited by 8,613 · cited 7×
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309 · cited 1×
“[1,2] Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[3,4] Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal’s editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.”
Backgroundvon Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.012 · Cited by 2,698
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Suggestions for Improving the Reporting of Clinical Research: The Role of Narrative
Schriger, D. L. (2005) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.022 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
BackgroundWASP (Write a Scientific Paper): Understanding research metrics
Cuschieri, S. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.01.015 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“Citation of published manuscripts is imperative for the enhancement of the researcher’s research metrics and for increasing the prestigious acknowledgement of the researcher and his or her work within the scientific community.[6] The abstract should include a brief summary of the study and present only information fou…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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Items 501–600 of 1,002
Ghayda, R. A., Carrión, D. M., Rivas, J. G., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00342-2 · Cited by 12
Increased tracheostomy rates in head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Batra, T. K., Tilak, M., PAI, E. F., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2020.12.002 · Cited by 12
Roheger, M., Liebermann‐Jordanidis, H., Krohm, F., Adams, A., & Kalbe, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.636355 · Cited by 14
“Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide evidence that cognitive performance of healthy older individuals can be maintained or even improved by cognitive trainings (CT) (Martin et al., 2011; Reijnders et al., 2013; e.g., Chiu et al., 2017; Shah et al., 2017).”
MethodD’Ambrosi, R., Buda, M., Nuara, A., et al. (2021) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00402-021-04183-6 · Cited by 12
Low Interleukin-12 Levels concerning Severe Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wilairatana, P., Kwankaew, P., Kotepui, K. U., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159345 · Cited by 12
Shrestha, A., Acharya, J., Amatya, J., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2022/5474388 · Cited by 12
Mattsson, M., Boland, F., Kirke, C., Flood, M., Wallace, E., Walsh, M. E., Corrigan, D., Fahey, T. P., Croker, R., Bacon, S., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.15779 · Cited by 9
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines are used in reporting this study.(12) This study was approved by the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (REC202201015).”
MethodOuyang, Y., Qin, J., Lin, G., Xiang, S., & Li, X. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03186-2 · Cited by 12
Hoang, D. M., Nguyen, K. T., Nguyen, A. H., Nguyen, B. N., & Liêm, N. T. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045788 · Cited by 12
Hussain, I., Yousaf, N., Haider, S., et al. (2021) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics10070866 · Cited by 12
Rieder, M., Gauchel, N., Kaier, K., et al. (2021) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01939-3 · Cited by 12
“The flow diagram is based on the STROBE criteria for reporting of observational studies [38, 39]”
MethodChen, L., Wang, Z., Zhao, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-21-1324 · Cited by 12
Ramadan, O. M. E., Elsharkawy, N. B., Hafiz, A. H., Katooa, N. E., Abunar, A., Attallah, D. M. A., Dewan, M. F., Alruwaili, M. M., Alruwaili, A. N., Alshammari, A. M., et al. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03839-7 · Cited by 15
“A cross-sectional approach was chosen to capture baseline digital competencies and observable care patterns concurrently, enabling evaluation of exposure and outcome variables without temporal sequencing [30].”
Social Media Use and Well-Being Across Adolescent Development
Singh, B., Zhou, M., Curtis, R., Maher, C. A., & Dumuid, D. (2026) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5619 · Cited by 15
Mickle, A. M., Domenico, L. H., Tanner, J. J., Terry, E. L., Cardoso, J. S., Glover, T. L., Booker, S. Q., Addison, A., Gonzalez, C. E., Garvan, C. S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1058476 · Cited by 14
“This manuscript follows the STROBE guidelines (43).”
Rinaldi, V. G., Verde, M. L., Coliva, F., et al. (2023) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-023-07403-1 · Cited by 11
“The number of criteria scored as “yes” divided by the number of applicable criteria per manuscript yielded a percentage of the applicable STROBE criteria [10].”
BackgroundParanhos, A. C. M., Dias, Á. R. N., Bastos, T. D. R., Rodrigues, A. N., Santana, K. H. Y., Dias, L. H. A., dos Santos, L. P. M., Cerasi, A. J., Mendes, M. C. N., Oliveira, C. L. D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1161904 · Cited by 10
“The study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for reporting observational studies (Cuschieri, 2019) and was conducted on patients who were enrolled for a follow-up programme for long COVID at a public university in the eastern Am…”
MethodDental Anomalies in Maxillary Incisors and Canines among Patients with Total Cleft Lip and Palate
Paradowska-Stolarz, A. M., & Kawala, B. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13116635 · Cited by 11
“The paper adheres to the requirements of STROBE guidelines, ensuring appropriate planning and The quality measurements were performed using a caliper, and the measurement methods are illustrated in Figure 1 to emphasize the investigative approach. construction [26].”
MethodCannabis Use is Associated With Higher Rates of Pseudarthrosis Following TLIF
Tao, X., Matur, A. V., Khalid, S. I., et al. (2023) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004768 · Cited by 11
Risk Factors for Failure After Surgery in Patients With Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Anwander, H., Vonwyl, D., Hecht, V., Tannast, M., Kurze, C., & Krause, F. G. (2023) · Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics · doi:10.1177/24730114231182656 · Cited by 11
Lee, Y., & Chon, S. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03235-0 · Cited by 11
“Xerostomia and sleep problems were identified using well-formed self-reported checklists with questions such as “Do you currently experience daily oral dryness?” and “Do you currently have sleep problems?” This study was designed following Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) g…”
MethodDanneels, M., Hecke, R. V., Leyssens, L., van de Berg, R., Dhooge, I. J. M., Cambier, D. C., Delrue, S., Rompaey, V. V., & Maes, L. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40465-2 · Cited by 12
“This work is presented using the ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)’ reporting guidelines 14 .”
MethodMigliorini, F., Cocconi, F., Prinz, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics · doi:10.1186/s40634-023-00704-x · Cited by 11
van Dam, P. M. E. L., Lievens, S., Zelis, N., van Doorn, W. P. T. M., Meex, S. J. R., Cals, J., & Stassen, P. M. (2023) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2290211 · Cited by 11
“…ethics committee of the MUMc + approved this study (Metc 2018-0838) and waived the requirement of informed consent. this study was conducted and reported in accordance with the stROBe guidelines (strengthening the Reporting of Observation studies in epidemiology) (supplementary table 1) [17].”
MethodΓκιόκα, Μ., Almpanidou, S., Lioti, N., Almaliotis, D. D., & Karampatakis, V. E. (2024) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2024/4366572 · Cited by 14
“The current study adheres to EQUATOR guidelines for reporting research using the “ Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ” (STROBE) checklist [55].”
MethodFerreiro-Pérez, M., Porras, V. A., Martín‐Casas, P., & Ortiz-Gutiérrez, R. M. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11030303 · Cited by 11
“The research presented is a cross-sectional observational study, conducted in accordance with the criteria established by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [20].”
MethodNijdam, T. M. P., Schiepers, T. E. E., Laane, D. W. P. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13072012 · Cited by 11
“The STROBE guidelines were used to guide this study [16].”
MethodLi, X., Donnelly, L. A., Slieker, R. C., Beulens, J. W. J., Hart, L. M. ‘., Elders, P. J. M., Pearson, E. R., van Giessen, A., Leal, J., & Feenstra, T. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06147-y · Cited by 14
“The reporting of study findings followed the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [11], as listed in the electronic supplementary material (ESM) Appendix 1.”
MethodDadi, A. F., He, V. Y., Brown, K., Raine, K. H., Reilly, N. M., Giallo, R., Rae, K. M., Hazell, P., & Guthridge, S. L. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101063 · Cited by 12
Work-Related Health Conditions Among American Nurses: A Scoping Review
Rainbow, J. G., Dudding, K. M., Bethel, C., Norton, A., Platt, C. R., Vyas, P. K., & Slebodnik, M. (2024) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608241257026 · Cited by 11
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were used to report the risk of bias and transparency of the studies in the review (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodJoo, H., Nguyen, K., Kolodzie, K., Chen, L.-L., Kim, M., & Manuel, S. P. (2024) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000007068 · Cited by 12
Soleymani, Y., Batouli, S. A. H., Ahangar, A. A., & Pourabbasi, A. (2024) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13437 · Cited by 13
Factors Influencing Stroke Internal Stigma Among Stroke Survivors
Kariasa, I. M., Aungsuroch, Y., Nurachmah, E., Nova, P. A., Dewi, N. L. P. T., Juanamasta, I. G., & Polsook, R. (2024) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608241278639 · Cited by 11
“The study followed STrengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines (Cuschieri, 2019; Vandenbroucke et al., 2007; von Elm et al., 2007).”
MethodVadalà, G., Mashayekhi, K., Boukhris, M., et al. (2024) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2024.09.002 · Cited by 11
Akobirshoev, I., Jerome, S. J., Snowden, J. M., Slaughter‐Acey, J., Valentine, A. M., Horner‐Johnson, W., & Mitra, M. (2024) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101765 · Cited by 12
Pérez‐Montilla, J. J., Guzmán‐García, R., Pruimboom, L., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70007 · Cited by 11
Apostolaki‐Hansson, T., Ullberg, T., Pihlsgård, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00760 · Cited by 11
“This article aligns with STROBE criteria for observational studies (26).”
MethodSouadka, A., Essangri, H., Majbar, M. A., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13051088 · Cited by 11
Pitre, T., Dong, A., Jones, A., Kapralik, J., Cui, S., Mah, J. C., Helmeczi, W., Su, J. S., Patel, V., Zia, Z., et al. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease · doi:10.1177/20543581211027759 · Cited by 11
Kusakabe, A., Sweeny, A. L., & Keijzers, G. (2021) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.07.001 · Cited by 12
Mörtl, B., Dreyling, M. H., Schmidt, C., et al. (2021) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2021.12.018 · Cited by 11
Balvardi, S., Cipolla, J., Touma, N., Vallipuram, T., Barone, N., Sivarajan, R., Kaneva, P. A., Demyttenaere, S. V., Boutros, M., Lee, L., et al. (2022) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-021-08956-3 · Cited by 11
“Analysis and reporting were in accordance with the STROBE Statement for cohort studies (Supplementary Material) [13].”
MethodKittikraisak, W., Hunsawong, T., Punjasamanvong, S., Wongrapee, T., Suttha, P., Piyaraj, P., Leepiyasakulchai, C., Tanathitikorn, C., Yoocharoen, P., Jones, A. R., et al. (2021) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.12975 · Cited by 11
Abbas, A., Rizki, H., Tanska, A., et al. (2022) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000009745 · Cited by 11
Berrian, J. L., Liu, Y., Ezenwajiaku, N., Moreno‐Aspitia, A., Holton, S. J., Toriola, A. T., Colditz, G. A., Housten, A. J., Hall, L. E., Fiala, M. A., et al. (2022) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5439 · Cited by 11
Volumetric changes in hypothalamic subunits in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Genç, B., Şen, S., Aslan, K., & İncesu, L. (2023) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03122-z · Cited by 11
“Guidelines from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) were carefully followed [16].”
MethodSivaramakrishnan, G., AbdulAmeer, F., Faisal, F., Mansoor, Z., Hasan, S., Ebrahim, S., AlSalihi, L., & Alsobaiei, M. (2023) · Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.4258/hir.2023.29.1.31 · Cited by 11
“The present study is presented according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [17].”
MethodThe Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Early Implant Failure A Retrospective Cohort Study
Masri, D., Retzkin, N., de Souza, S. L. S., et al. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59020402 · Cited by 11
“The present script complies with the STROBE guidelines [15].”
MethodChuang, S., Lo, S., Liao, P.-L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Tissue Viability · doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2023.08.003 · Cited by 11
Mickle, A. M., Tanner, J. J., Olowofela, B. O., Wu, S., GARVAN, C. W., Lai, S., Addison, A., Przkora, R., Edberg, J. C., Staud, R. M., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100682 · Cited by 12
Perna, A., Franchini, A., Gorgoglione, F. L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.25259/jnrp_370_2023 · Cited by 11
“[9]”
Metatarsal Head Resections in Diabetic Foot Patients: A Systematic Review
Sanz‐Corbalán, I., Tardáguila‐García, A., Garcia-Alamino, J. M., García‐Álvarez, Y., Álvaro‐Afonso, F. J., & Lázaro‐Martínez, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061845 · Cited by 11
“The STROBE guidelines were developed to help guarantee high-quality presentation of observational studies [23].”
MethodChronic kidney disease patients with intertrochanteric fracture have a high mortality rate
Kim, T. W., Lee, S., Moon, N. H., et al. (2021) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2021.05.045 · Cited by 11
Weng, S., Hsu, C., Shen, C., Huang, J., Chen, P., & Lin, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.834273 · Cited by 11
“In reporting this study, the standard methodology was reported according to “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) guidelines (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodLee, I.-S., & Jeon, J.-H. (2022) · Child Health Nursing Research · doi:10.4094/chnr.2022.28.4.269 · Cited by 10
“This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE criteria [16].”
The bidirectional interplay between gut dysbiosis and surgical complications: A systematic review.
Nichols, L., El-Kholy, O., Elsayed, A., & Basson, M. (2025) · American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2025.116369 · Cited by 6
Martina, S., Cannatà, D., Paduano, T., Schettino, V., Giordano, F., & Galdi, M. (2025) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj13080343 · Cited by 11
“The present study was developed following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [29] and adhering to ethical guidelines for research involving human participants in the use of AI in dentistry.”
García-Rodríguez, N., García‐Gabilondo, M., Rodrı́guez, S., Tejada, P. I., Miranda-Artieda, Z. M., Ridao, N., Buxó, X., Pérez-Mesquida, M. E., Beseler, M. R., Salom, J. B., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-21936-0 · Cited by 10
“The STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies were followed in this study 31 .”
van der Linden, M. J. W., van Venrooij, L. M. W., & Verdaasdonk, E. G. G. (2022) · JMIR Perioperative Medicine · doi:10.2196/40352 · Cited by 10
“Reporting is consistent with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement for observational research [46].”
MethodD’Ambrosi, R., Tiusanen, H., Ellington, J. K., Kraus, F., Younger, A. S. E., & Usuelli, F. G. (2022) · JBJS Open Access · doi:10.2106/jbjs.oa.21.00143 · Cited by 10
Influence of early fluid overload on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low-birth-weight infants
Li, Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liu, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.980179 · Cited by 10
“This was a retrospective case control study, following the STROBE guidelines (8).”
MethodWlodarczyk, J. R., Brabender, D. E., Gupta, A., et al. (2022) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-022-09728-3 · Cited by 10
“This study was undertaken as a retrospective cohort study and modeled after the STROBE criteria [24].”
MethodMarroquin, T. Y., & Guauque-Olarte, S. (2023) · Japanese Dental Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001 · Cited by 11
“The tools for quality assessment STROBE [22] and CONSORT 2010 [23] were adapted to assess the quality of the retrieved papers.”
Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Sillesen, M., Hansen, C. P., Dencker, E. E., et al. (2022) · Annals of Surgery Open · doi:10.1097/as9.0000000000000219 · Cited by 10
“(months) 12 (6-20) 21 (12-36) 25(14-47) 3.”
Allonsius, F., de Kloet, A. J., van Markus-Doornbosch, F., et al. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2218657 · Cited by 10
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were used for the reporting of the results [33].”
MethodKamara, R. Z., Kamara, I. F., Moses, F. L., et al. (2023) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8070378 · Cited by 10
Aboulhassan, M. A., Refahee, S. M., Sabry, S. M., et al. (2023) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-023-05182-0 · Cited by 10
“The study protocol followed Helsinki Declaration’s statement, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist [28, 29], and registered on clini caltr ials.”
MethodDual contraceptive use and associated factors among female sex workers in Gulu City, Uganda in 2023
Bongomin, F., Pebolo, P. F., Kibone, W., Apio, P. O., Nsenga, L., Okot, J., Madraa, G., Laker, F. G., Akello, M., Ouma, S., et al. (2023) · Tropical Medicine and Health · doi:10.1186/s41182-023-00536-6 · Cited by 10
“This report is written in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional studies [16].”
MethodUnderstanding the Interplay Between Paraspinal Muscle Atrophy and Lumbar Endplate Degeneration
Schönnagel, L., Zhu, J., Guven, A. E., et al. (2023) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004826 · Cited by 10
“15”
Schönnagel, L., Camino-Willhuber, G. O., Braun, S. B., et al. (2023) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004847 · Cited by 10
“15 The hospital ’ s institutional review board approval was obtained before conducting the study (IRB# 2015-237).”
MethodAhmed, S. F., Hassan, A. A., Eltayeb, M. M., Omar, S. M., & Adam, I. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13102017 · Cited by 16
“Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were strictly followed [18].”
BackgroundHassan, A. A., Elbashir, M. I., Al‐Nafeesah, A., AlE'ed, A. A., & Adam, I. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214552 · Cited by 10
“This study followed the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [28].”
MethodVariables associated with oral health-related self-efficacy – results of a cross-sectional study
Bantel, D., Chmielewski, W. X., Brähler, E., Stöbel‐Richter, Y., Zenger, M., & Berth, H. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03656-x · Cited by 16
“…status (monthly income), and negatively associated with DF/A. b) OH-SE can be partly predicted by the aforementioned variables. c) OH-SE is increased in individuals with high levels of general health, self-perceived dental condition, DHB, socioeconomic status, and low levels of DF/A. [34].”
BackgroundLasagna, A., Mele, D., Bergami, F., et al. (2023) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2023.2288282 · Cited by 10
“This study was conducted according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement for reporting observational studies 13 and was approved by the local Ethics Committee (Comitato Etico Area Pavia) and Institutional Review Board ( P -0059768/ 22).”
MethodMellahn, K., Kilkenny, M. F., Siyambalapitiya, S., et al. (2023) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2023.2295128 · Cited by 10
Deng, S. X., Sharma, B. T., Ebeye, T., et al. (2024) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2023.12.026 · Cited by 10
Oraii, A., Shafeghat, M., Ashraf, H., et al. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1867 · Cited by 10
“17 Methodological details of the PARS registry have been previously published.”
BackgroundBenavente‐Marín, J. C., Barón-López, F. J., Barcenilla, B. G., Abril, G. L., Aguirre, J. M. R., Pérez‐Farinós, N., & Wärnberǵ, J. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.16815 · Cited by 12
“We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine physical activity using accelerometry in a representative sample of 8-and 9-year-old children from the ALADINO 2019 Study (ALimentación, Actividad física, Desarrollo INfantil y Obesidad in Spain in 2019) in Andalusia, Spain.”
MethodCarneiro, B. A., Guerreiro‐Costa, L. N. F., Lins-Silva, D. H., Guimaraes, D. F., Souza, L. S., Leal, G. C.-G., Caliman‐Fontes, A. T., Beanes, G., Costa, R. D. S., & Quarantini, L. C. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.56910 · Cited by 11
“…of the study was evaluated by two reviewers (DF, DH) using the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) [21] and the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE) [22] tools for human and animal studies, respectively (Tables 1 -…”
MethodMersal, F. A., Negm, L. M. M. A., Fawzy, M. S., Rajennal, A. T., Alanazi, R. S., & Alanazi, L. O. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57181 · Cited by 15
“A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted following the “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) recommendations [17].”
Navarro‐López, V., Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda, R., Fernández-González, P., Marcos-Antón, S., Blázquez-Fernández, A., Fernández-Cañas, M., & Vázquez, D. F. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14040407 · Cited by 12
“The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines were followed to standardize the reporting of this work [24].”
MethodZaki, S., Alam, F., Faizan, M., Sharma, S. R., & Naqvi, I. H. (2024) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.55860/eazehg56 · Cited by 10
“The cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024, adhering to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for reporting cross-sectional research (Cuschieri, 2019).”
Methodda Silva, I. P., Li, I., Ugurel, S., Serra-Bellver, P., Andhale, A., Burnette, H., Aya, F., Conway, J. W., Braden, J., Carlino, M. S., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114101 · Cited by 12
Angst, L., Lourenço, P. D. F., & Srinivasan, M. (2024) · SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics · doi:10.61872/sdj-2024-02-09 · Cited by 14
“The study has been reported accordingly to STROBE (Strengthening in Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines (27).”
MethodHegazy, M., Shafei, A. M. H. E., Salem, M. R., Ashoush, O. A., & Abdelghani, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290842 · Cited by 10
“The research followed the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (13) and adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement (14).”
MethodImpact of incisional hernia on abdominal wall strength
Arteaga, A. S., Delgado, J. L. G., Madueño, A. F., et al. (2024) · BJS Open · doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrae045 · Cited by 10
Dollard, M. F., Loh, M. Y., Becher, H., et al. (2024) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106602 · Cited by 10
“This longitudinal study followed the STROBE guidelines for observational studies (Cuschieri, 2019).”
MethodNeutrophil-to-albumin Ratio as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Bao, J., Zhang, Y., Ma, M., et al. (2024) · Current Neurovascular Research · doi:10.2174/0115672026328594240614080241 · Cited by 10
Avancini, A. M., Giannarelli, D., Borsati, A., Carnio, S., Cantale, O., Nepote, A., Mangiapane, F., Bafunno, D., Galetta, D., Longo, V., et al. (2024) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103624 · Cited by 12
da Silva, M. T., Fontoura, A. V. B., Pires, A. N. G., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19211-4 · Cited by 10
Kvist, M., Jensen, T. K., Snitkjær, C., et al. (2024) · Hernia · doi:10.1007/s10029-024-03104-x · Cited by 10
“The study was conducted and reported by The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement [27].”
MethodCambaz, C., Köken, Z. Ö., & Sayın, M. M. (2024) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13164 · Cited by 10
Routine Imaging or Symptomatic Follow-Up After Resection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Andel, P. C. M., van Goor, I. W. J. M., Augustinus, S., et al. (2024) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.5024 · Cited by 10
Teshigawara, T., Akaishi, M., Mizuki, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13226973 · Cited by 10
“The manuscript was prepared using the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies [24].”
Taha, T. A.-E. A., Abdel‐Qader, D. H., Alamiry, K. R., Fadl, Z. A., Alrawi, A., & Abdelsattar, N. K. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-11815-1 · Cited by 15
Mighani, S., Shivyari, F. T., Razzaghi, A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90581-4 · Cited by 10
“Methodological quality was evaluated using the checklist from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement 12 .”
Yedavalli, V. S., Salim, H. A., Balar, A., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a8518 · Cited by 10
Shamieh, S. E., Saleem, R., Halat, D. H., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319042 · Cited by 10
“The study was conducted and reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [43].”
Kawagoe, T., Mizuki, Y., Akaishi, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14082805 · Cited by 10
“The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to write this research paper [28].”
Lin, Y., Tu, W.-L., Hung, K.-C., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1589907 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuschieri, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Malta (MT)
- Corresponding author
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- ORCID
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- Venue
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 31
- ISSN
- 0975-3125 (ISSN-L)
- 1658-354X
- PMC
- PMC6398292
- OpenAlex
- W2915365125
- Semantic Scholar
- 86b49d808e17f22c01f936fc2b4c6e125c94e84d
- Cited by
- 4,331
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1091 · 2025: 1137 · 2024: 944 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 96.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OAR@UM (University of Malta) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- STROBE guidelines, reporting quality, observational studies, manuscript preparation, critical appraisal, reporting checklist, scientific publications
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