The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 12 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The STROBE guidelines
Open accessAbstract
An observational study is a type of epidemiological study design, which can take the form of a cohort, a case-control, or a cross-sectional study. When presenting observational studies in manuscripts, an author needs to ascertain a clear presentation of the work and provide the reader with appropriate information to enable critical appraisal of the research. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study. The original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines together with their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed. These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal. The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on. The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article is a narrative overview of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, intended to help authors present cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies clearly enough for critical appraisal. It walks through the 22-item checklist and explains what each section of a manuscript should report.
Key findings
- The STROBE guidelines consist of 22 checklist items; 18 are common to all three observational designs (cohort, case–control, cross-sectional), while 4 items (numbers 6, 12, 14, and 15) vary by study design.
- The guidelines were developed in 2004 through a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors.
- The author stresses that STROBE is not a methodological framework for conducting observational studies, nor a quality-evaluation instrument, nor a means of standardizing manuscripts — it is an aid to transparent reporting.
- The guidelines discourage the terms "prospective," "retrospective," "concurrent," and "historical," instead encouraging authors to describe the actual methodology.
Methods
- Design: narrative review/educational overview of the STROBE guidelines.
- Data: the original articles publishing the STROBE guidelines and their bibliographies were identified and thoroughly reviewed; the checklist is reproduced from Vandenbroucke et al.
- Analysis: descriptive, item-by-item explanation of the 22 checklist items grouped by manuscript section (title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, other information).
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper: the article reports no formal limitations section and declares no conflicts of interest and no financial support.
- Evident from the text: the review describes no systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or appraisal of the source literature, so it functions as an explanatory summary rather than a systematic review.
- Evident from the text: the article presents no empirical data or evaluation of whether compliance with STROBE actually improves reporting quality or publication outcomes, despite asserting that complying authors "are more likely to succeed in publishing."
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
11 Not checked yet · 1 Own interpretation
In the paper
“Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[34]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 4
In the paper
“To ascertain high-quality reporting of observational studies, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were developed following a collaborative initiative of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers, and journal editors in 2004.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal's editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Eighteen items are common to all the three observational designs, that is, cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having a thorough understanding of the STROBE guidelines is therefore becoming a requisite for authors who wish to conduct and publish an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
In the paper
“These guidelines consist of 22 checklist items that the author needs to fulfil before submitting the manuscript to a journal.”
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
“A total of 22 checklist items contribute to the STROBE guidelines.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § The Strobe Checklist · plain
In the paper
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“These guidelines were created to aid in the presentation of the conducted observational study to ensure adequate reporting (what was planned, done, found, and concluded) as well as assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the study.[12]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“The aim of the STROBE guidelines was to provide a readily available checklist to ensure a clear presentation of what was planned and conducted in an observational study.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The STROBE Guidelines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Schriger, 2005, Ann Emerg Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the remaining four checklist items (items number 6, 12, 14, and 15) have specific variations according to the study design.”
§ The STROBE guidelines > The Strobe Checklist
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines were created to aid the authors in presenting their work and not to act as a validation tool for the conducted study or as a framework to conduct an observational study on.”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“In no way were these guidelines established to provide a methodological framework for conducting an observational study.[1]”
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
“Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
- Not checked yetcites [2] von, 2007, BMJ
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § The STROBE Guidelines · plain
In the paper
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The method used to establish the study size needs to be reported along with the confidence intervals considered. This is essential for the reader to ascertain whether sufficient statistical precision has been attained in the study.[1]”
§ The STROBE guidelines > Items 4–12: Methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Vandenbroucke, 2007, PLoS Med
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.
“A substantial number of journals are requesting authors to follow the STROBE guidelines before submitting their observational-study-inspired manuscript.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Authors complying with the STROBE guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.
“The authors complying with these guidelines are more likely to succeed in publishing their observational study work in a journal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.
“Furthermore, researchers have to keep in mind that causality of a particular outcome cannot be established in most study designs, unless a longitudinal cohort study has been conducted.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was reported in compliance with the STROBE criteria [16].”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To assess reporting completeness and quality of included studies, two authors (CVD with either EJMM or EB) independently assessed included studies according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology [14–16] and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale [17, 18], respectively.”
From The aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial maternal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · cited 2×
“[1] Nor were the guidelines developed as an instrument for quality evaluation of observational research.[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.”
BackgroundMethodVandenbroucke, J. P., von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Gøtzsche, P. C., Mulrow, C. D., Pocock, S. J., Poole, C., Schlesselman, J. J., Egger, M., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297 · Cited by 8,613 · cited 7×
“The STROBE guidelines do not allow the use of the words “prospective” or “retrospective” or “concurrent” or “historical,” but rather encourage the researcher to describe the actual methodology.[1]”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309 · cited 1×
“[1,2] Such study information is of vital importance in a manuscript since this will determine whether the established results can be included in systemic reviews later on.[3,4] Furthermore, the STROBE guidelines enable the journal’s editor, reviewers, and the readers to critically appraise the study.”
Backgroundvon Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.012 · Cited by 2,698
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Suggestions for Improving the Reporting of Clinical Research: The Role of Narrative
Schriger, D. L. (2005) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.022 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“[2] Furthermore, the guidelines were not aimed to bring forward standardization of manuscripts but rather to encourage the production of interesting and narrative articles while maintaining transparency.[5]”
BackgroundWASP (Write a Scientific Paper): Understanding research metrics
Cuschieri, S. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.01.015 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“Citation of published manuscripts is imperative for the enhancement of the researcher’s research metrics and for increasing the prestigious acknowledgement of the researcher and his or her work within the scientific community.[6] The abstract should include a brief summary of the study and present only information fou…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Harris, K., Haddock, G., Peters, S., & Gooding, P. A. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa071 · Cited by 11
Rubashkin, N. A., Baji, P., Szebik, I., Schmidt, E., & Vedam, S. (2021) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12540 · Cited by 9
Allonsius, F., de Kloet, A. J., van Markus-Doornbosch, F., Meesters, J. J. L., Kromme, C. H., Vlieland, T. P. M. V., & van der Holst, M. (2021) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2021.1891287 · Cited by 10
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“Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences, aswell as published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in accordance with STROBE guidelines [37], irrespective of the findings.”
MethodMcCoy, J., Nielsen, S., & Bruno, R. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15683 · Cited by 9
Costa, M. J. C., Cavalcanti, F. C. B., Bezerra, S. D., et al. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0064 · Cited by 9
Kimura, L. F., Sant’Anna, M. B., de Andrade, S. A., Ebram, M. C., Lima, C. F. G., Celano, R. M. G., Viégas, R. F. M., & Picolo, G. (2021) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102604 · Cited by 9
“Report data was described according to STROBE Statement [18].”
MethodKvæl, L. A. H., Løchting, I., & Molin, M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010005 · Cited by 9
“The study follows the STROBE Statement checklist for reporting cross-sectional studies [51].”
MethodVisual Function and Visual Perception among Senior Citizens with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Taiwan
Chang, C.-W., Su, K.-C., Lu, F.-C., et al. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10010020 · Cited by 9
“(STROBE guideline for reporting the manuscript [25,26]).”
Würtz, H. J., Bundgaard, L., Rahr, H. B., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-022-04107-9 · Cited by 9
“This report was written according to the STROBE guidelines [14].”
MethodPsychomotor abilities of candidates for Polish Special Forces
Paśko, W., Guła, P., Brożyna, M., Dziadek, B., Zadarko, E., Śliż, M., Polak, K., & Przednówek, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09138-4 · Cited by 10
Mann, T. S., Nery, C. A. D. S., Baumfeld, D. S., et al. (2022) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6543 · Cited by 9
“The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to collect and describe the data.(15)”
MethodLibrianto, D., Ipang, F., Saleh, I., et al. (2022) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9043 · Cited by 9
“STROBE guideline was used in writing this manuscript [15].”
MethodD’Ambrosi, R., Menon, P. H., Salunke, A. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11133795 · Cited by 9
“The study was conducted following the STROBE guidelines [10].”
MethodKollatos, C., Hanna, S., & Sandblom, G. (2022) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01698-6 · Cited by 9
“Collection of data was performed according to STROBES statement for observational studies [16].”
MethodRomero-Ibarguengoitia, M. E., González‐Cantú, A., Rivera-Salinas, D., Hernández-Ruíz, Y. G., Armendariz-Vázquez, A. G., Barco-Flores, I. A., González-Facio, R., & Sanz‐Sánchez, M. Á. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10071139 · Cited by 9
Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Pulmonary Function Tests and Exercise Tolerance
Ora, J., Zerillo, B., de Marco, P., Manzetti, G., Camerdelli, F., Guido, I. D., Calzetta, L., & Rogliani, P. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11174936 · Cited by 7
Fuglsig, J. M. D. C. E. S., Hansen, B., Schropp, L., et al. (2022) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016357.2022.2121321 · Cited by 9
“Furthermore, the manuscript adheres to the STROBE guidelines [17].”
MethodKHAMBHOLJA, K. M., & Gehani, M. (2022) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2022.09.003 · Cited by 9
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Zhu, Z., Zhao, Z., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.39.1.6946 · Cited by 9
Báez‐Suárez, A., Padrón-Rodríguez, I., Santana-Cardeñosa, D., Santana-Perez, L., Lopez-Herrera, V. M., & Pestana-Miranda, R. (2022) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/03080226221141322 · Cited by 9
“A prospective longitudinal observational study was carried out following the STROBE guidelines (Cuschieri, 2019).”
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Caries Experience and Risk Indicators in a Portuguese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Bottoni, E., Mangiameli, G., Testori, A., Piccioni, F., Giudici, V. M., Voulaz, E., Ruggieri, N., Corte, F. D., Crepaldi, A., Goretti, G., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041146 · Cited by 10
Ristow, O., Rückschloß, T., Schnug, G., et al. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12060997 · Cited by 9
Kalluri, A. L., So, R. J., Ran, K. R., et al. (2023) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000002549 · Cited by 9
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“The research methods and results were written and presented according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines for cross‐sectional studies (36).”
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Orlicky, D. J., Smith, E. E., Bok, R., Guess, M. K., Rascoff, L. G., Arruda, J. S., Hutchinson-Colas, J. A., Johnson, J., & Connell, K. A. (2023) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-023-01283-z · Cited by 8
“A Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to guide the experimental design and reporting of the demographic data [54].”
MethodSodero, A., Campagnini, S., Paperini, A., Castagnoli, C., Hochleitner, I., Politi, A. M., Bardi, D., Basagni, B., Barretta, T., Guolo, E., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.23.07852-8 · Cited by 8
“43 The results of our study identified a final model that explains the variance of the discharge mbi of the study participants with an adjusted r 2 of 77.2%. this model provides a reliable estimate of the functional outcome of stroke patients at discharge from the four irus, outreaching studies…”
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“The results are reported according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [12].”
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“The STROBE guidelines were used to ensure a high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study (Figure 1) [34].”
MethodMasini, A., Salussolia, A., Anastasia, A., Grao‐Cruces, A., Soldà, G., Zanutto, G., Riegger, S., Mulato, R., Sánchez‐Oliva, D., Ceciliani, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02239-6 · Cited by 15
“5 hours (Duncan et al. 2011, 2019).”
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Uijterwijk, B. A., Lemmers, D. H. L., Ghidini, M., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-024-02692-w · Cited by 8
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Mishra, S., Panda, S., Panda, S., et al. (2024) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.149861.1 · Cited by 8
Khaddour, A. S., Ghiţă, R. E., Ionescu, M. I., et al. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11060566 · Cited by 8
“This retrospective cohort study complied with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [53].”
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Prognostic Factors Associated with Post-Stroke Dysphagia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
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“The study design and reporting were guided by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [25].”
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“42”
Bowman, T., Mattos, F. G. M., Longo, C. A., Bocini, S., Gennuso, M., Marazzini, F., Materazzi, F. G., Pelosin, E., Putzolu, M., Salvalaggio, S., et al. (2024) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2024.2417643 · Cited by 9
Clinical and Radiographic Parameters for Early Periodontitis Diagnosis: A Comparative Study
Fidyawati, D., Masulili, S. L. C., Bachtiar-Iskandar, H. H., Suhartanto, H. S., Kiswanjaya, B., & Li, X. (2024) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj12120407 · Cited by 8
Lauridsen, I. G., Terkildsen, M. D., & Sørensen, L. U. (2024) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-024-01461-8 · Cited by 8
The sexual dysfunction in women with thyroid disorders: a meta-analysis
Salari, N., Heidarian, P., Jalili, F., et al. (2024) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01817-9 · Cited by 8
“Articles scoring below 16 were classified as low quality, whereas those scoring 16 or higher were considered moderate to high quality [18].”
Devall, M., Eaton, S., Hu, G.-Z., Sun, X.-Q., Jakum, E., Venkatesh, S., Powell, S. M., Yoshida, C., Weisenberger, D., Cooper, G. S., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.005 · Cited by 8
Navarro‐Pérez, D., Tardáguila‐García, A., García‐Oreja, S., Álvaro‐Afonso, F. J., López‐Moral, M., & Lázaro‐Martínez, J. L. (2025) · Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.3390/idr17010004 · Cited by 8
“The included studies were evaluated us-ing the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and the Strength-Infect ening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement [23,24].”
Evaluation of ChatGPT as a New Assessment Tool in Dental Education
Shete, A. V., Shete, M. V., Chavan, M. S., Channe, P. P., Sapkal, R., & Buva, K. B. (2024) · Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology · doi:10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_62_24 · Cited by 10
Braun, D., Chappuis, V., Fonseca, M., Raabe, C., Suter, V. G. A., & Couso‐Queiruga, E. (2025) · Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry · doi:10.1111/jerd.13408 · Cited by 9
López-Redondo, M., Vicente-Campos, D., Álvarez-González, J., Roldán‐Ruiz, A., Sánchez-Jorge, S., Buffet‐García, J., Rabanal-Rodríguez, G., & Valera‐Calero, J. A. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61020270 · Cited by 11
“To enhance the quality of this report, the recommendations listed in the STROBE checklist [16] and the EQUATOR guidelines [17] were followed.”
Jarullah, H. H., & Saleh, E. S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26094015 · Cited by 8
Hendriks, J. R. H., Sharma, S., Peiffer, M., et al. (2025) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/10711007251333777 · Cited by 8
Goyal, A., Saeed, H., Sulaiman, S. A., Sultan, W., Siddiqui, M. R., Changez, M. I. K., Qamar, A., Ganatra, S., & Dani, S. S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320670 · Cited by 14
Breast Cancer Incidence Trends in Older US Women by Race, Ethnicity, Geography, and Stage
Lee, E. J., Lui, M. L., Karr, A. G., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16947 · Cited by 8
Abdelmalik, M. A. A., Alenezi, A., Abdallah, M., Ibrahim, I., Ahmed, M. S., Mohammead, M. O., Mohammed, A. M., Saeed, A., Alhowaymel, F. M., Abaoud, A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2025.08.002 · Cited by 10
“Future researchers should report their cross-sectional studies by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines to ensure high-quality data [58].”
Campione, A., & Henschke, C. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03745-y · Cited by 7
“All priors are formalized and plotted in appendix A2.”
Tian, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Lü, Q., & Ding, Y. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-04006-8 · Cited by 9
“Reporting fol‑ lowed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist to ensure transparency in design, conduct, and analysis [34].”
Compliance with the 4Ds of antimicrobial stewardship practice in a tertiary care centre
Dixit, D., Ranka, R., & Panda, P. K. (2021) · JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlab135 · Cited by 8
Allonsius, F., van Markus-Doornbosch, F., de Kloet, A. J., Lambregts, S. A. M., Vlieland, T. P. M. V., & van der Holst, M. (2022) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/17518423.2022.2099994 · Cited by 8
“The “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) guidelines were used for the reporting.(33)”
MethodDelen, M., Şendil, A., Kaux, J., Pedret, C., Sant, G. L., Pawson, J., Miller, S., Birn‐Jeffery, A. V., & Morrissey, D. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1679 · Cited by 9
“This study was approved by the United Kingdom Health Research Authority (264615), Queen Mary Ethics of Research Committee (QMERC2018/92) and University of Liège Hospital ‐ Faculty Ethics Committee (2019/182).”
MethodKiss, L., Szövérfi, Z., Bereczki, F., et al. (2022) · Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication · doi:10.1097/bsd.0000000000001369 · Cited by 8
Jenkins, E., Humphrey, H., Finan, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.10.025 · Cited by 8
Makris, E. A., Cannon, J. G. D., Norton, J. A., et al. (2022) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-022-12783-8 · Cited by 8
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were applied to the present study.(5)”
MethodPolyautoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: New insights from a cross-sectional study
Santos-Moreno, P., Arias-Aponte, J., Rodríguez-Vargas, G.-S., Nieto-Zambrano, P. D., Villarreal, L., Ibatá, L., Martínez, S., Rubio-Rubio, J.-A., Rodríguez, P. A., & Rojas‐Villarraga, A. (2023) · Journal of Translational Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100187 · Cited by 9
“The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was followed be available at Appendix B [15].”
MethodRelation between Increased IL-10 Levels and Malaria Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sornsenee, P., Wilairatana, P., Kotepui, K. U., et al. (2023) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8010035 · Cited by 8
Acetyl-L-carnitine for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy in patients with breast cancer
Momenzadeh, M., Aria, A., Ghadimi, K., & Moghaddas, A. (2023) · Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-5362.367791 · Cited by 9
“A modified version of fhl strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used for quality assessment (15).”
MethodLasagna, A., Cassaniti, I., Arena, F., Bergami, F., Percivalle, E., Comolli, G., Sarasini, A., Ferrari, A., Cicognini, D., Schiavo, R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076731 · Cited by 8
“with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement for reporting observational studies [40] and was approved by the local ethics committee (Comitato Etico Area Pavia) and institutional review board.”
MethodAdepoju, V. A., Umebido, C., Adelekan, A., & Onoja, A. J. (2023) · World Journal of Methodology · doi:10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.127 · Cited by 12
Qin, L., Li, J., & Cai, L. (2023) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15753 · Cited by 10
Pritwani, S., Pandey, S., Shrivastava, P., Kumar, A., Malhotra, R., Maddison, R., & Devasenapathy, N. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2236012 · Cited by 8
“…participants. the integration between quantitative and qualitative methods happened at the planning of the research question, during sampling, and while interpretating the results [19]. the standard reporting guidelines for observational studies and qualitative research was followed [20,21].”
BackgroundPhysiotherapists’ Ethical Climate and Work Satisfaction: A STROBE-Compliant Cross-Sectional Study
Sillero, A. S., Margañón, R. A., Moreno‐Segura, N., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11192631 · Cited by 8
Raimondo, D., Raffone, A., Virgilio, A., Ferla, S., Maletta, M., Neola, D., Travaglino, A., Paradisi, R., Hernández, A., Spagnolo, E., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15215208 · Cited by 8
Ciolac, L., Craina, M. L., ENĂTESCU, V. R., Tudor, A., Bernad, E. S., Nitu, R., Hogea, L., Boscu, L., Bernad, B.-C., Timircan, M. O., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11212857 · Cited by 9
“This manuscript of the conducted observational study was prepared following STROBE guidelines [13].”
MethodEffects of Cycling on Spine: A Case–Control Study Using a 3D Scanning Method
Patti, A., Giustino, V., Messina, G., Figlioli, F., Cataldi, S., Poli, L., Belmonte, G., Valenza, A., Amato, A., Thomas, E., et al. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11110227 · Cited by 10
“The STROBE flow chart (Figure 1) was used to ensure that the assessment of the participants of the study was conducted in a clear way [33].”
MethodChange in patellar height in medial and lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a clinical trial
D’Ambrosi, R., Rubino, F., Ursino, C., et al. (2023) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00402-023-05139-8 · Cited by 8
“This study was conducted following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement [34].”
MethodVeladas, F. M. V., Canales, G. D. L. T., Nobre, B. B. D. S., Escoval, A., Pedro, A. R., Almeida, A., Assunção, V. A., & Manso, A. C. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17489-4 · Cited by 9
“This observational cross-sectional study was conducted following the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (Strobe) guidelines [14].”
MethodSulz, M. C., Doulberis, M., Fournier, N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases · doi:10.15403/jgld-5132 · Cited by 8
Hassan, A. A., Al‐Nafeesah, A., AlE'ed, A. A., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078234 · Cited by 8
Chopard, R., Bertoletti, L., Piazza, G., Jiménez, D., Barillari, G., Llamas, P., Rubio, C. M., Aujayeb, A., Monréal, M., & Meneveau, N. F. (2024) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2024.01.013 · Cited by 9
Brands, S. R., Nawijn, F., Foppen, W., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-023-02414-6 · Cited by 8
“This manuscript is written in adherence to the STROBE guideline [11].”
MethodHassan, A. A., Hassan, A. M. A., Bashir, A. O., Adam, G. K., AlHabardi, N., & Adam, I. (2024) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057231224176 · Cited by 8
“In this study, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were strictly followed 25 (Supplementary File 1).”
MethodA systematic review of the childbearing needs of single-child couples
Shirvan, F. S., Moradi, M., & Roudsari, R. L. (2024) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-024-02928-0 · Cited by 8
“Obtaining 75% of the total grade is classified as good quality; the grade between 25% and 75% is considered as moderate quality and a grade less than 25% is placed in the poor quality category [28].”
BackgroundMierzwa, A. T., Nelson, A., Kasab, S. A., Ortega‐Gutiérrez, S., Vivanco‐Suarez, J., Farooqui, M., Jadhav, A. P., Desai, S. M., Tóth, G., Alrohimi, A., et al. (2024) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/23969873241234713 · Cited by 9
“20”
Essa, A. S., Shakil, H., Malhotra, A. K., et al. (2024) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000002892 · Cited by 8
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Ambite‐Quesada, S., Fernández-Méndez, L. M., Jiménez‐Antona, C., Gómez‐Calero, C., Pocinho, R. F. D. S., Valera‐Calero, J. A., Cigarán‐Méndez, M., & Arendt‐Nielsen, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62240-7 · Cited by 9
Jonker, C. H., L’Abbé, E. N., der Vyver, P. J. V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.2334/josnusd.24-0074 · Cited by 8
“The study design was quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and observational and reporting followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [9] (Fig.”
MethodLi, E. V., Busza, A. M., Siddiqui, M. R., et al. (2024) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/s41391-024-00853-9 · Cited by 8
“Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were referenced [15].”
Falsaperla, R., Sortino, V., Cognata, D. L., et al. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14131341 · Cited by 8
“The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, with all checklist items followed [17].”
MethodThe hidden link between late‐onset seizures and cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A case–control study
Marsico, O., Pascarella, A., Gasparini, S., Manzo, L., Bova, V., Cianci, V., Mammì, A., Abelardo, D., Africa, E., Torre, G. L., et al. (2024) · Epilepsia Open · doi:10.1002/epi4.12976 · Cited by 8
Podgorica, N., Rached, C. D. A., Crescente, N. Y., et al. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02175-6 · Cited by 8
Savarese, E., Aicale, R., Romeo, R., et al. (2024) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1002/ksa.12445 · Cited by 8
Findings and methodologies in oral phageome research: a systematic review
Chen, X., Zou, T., Ding, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2024.2417099 · Cited by 8
“Two independent reviewers assessed each study based on the items of the STROBE checklist, which consists of items that serve as the primary tool for quality assessment [26].”
BackgroundMethodMortality trends and disparities in adults with Huntington's disease in the United States
Saeed, H., Abdullah, A., Hameed, H., Maaz, H. M., Wasay, A., Amin, Z., Arshad, M. K., Jain, H., & Goyal, A. (2024) · Journal of Huntington s Disease · doi:10.1177/18796397241287399 · Cited by 8
Mancin, S., Cangelosi, G., Sguanci, M. E., Matteucci, S., Morenghi, E., Lopane, D., Cattani, D., Cosmai, S., Vinciguerra, G., Parozzi, M., et al. (2025) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep15030077 · Cited by 11
“This study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [22].”
Denti, F. C., Guerra, E., Caroppo, F., Abruzzese, P., Alessi, F., Barone, F., Bernardino, P., Bergamini, M., Bernardo, M. C., Bosio, G., et al. (2025) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep15050179 · Cited by 10
“The reporting of this study has been conducted in accordance with the Strength-ening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cohort studies to ensure methodological rigor and transparency [17].”
Dai, S., Zhou, X., Xu, H. W., Li, B., & Zhang, J. (2020) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-020-01116-6 · Cited by 9
Ahmad, R. G. (2021) · Open Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4236/ojrad.2021.111003 · Cited by 8
“Articles included after a 2nd screening were then screened (3rd screening) for quality analysis using the STROBE checklist [16].”
MethodMacicame, I., Prista, A., Parhofer, K. G., Cavele, N., Manhiça, C., Nhachungue, S. M., Saathoff, E., & Rehfuess, E. A. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.04021 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Cuschieri, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Malta (MT)
- Corresponding author
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- ORCID
- Cuschieri, Sarah
- Venue
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 31
- ISSN
- 0975-3125 (ISSN-L)
- 1658-354X
- PMC
- PMC6398292
- OpenAlex
- W2915365125
- Semantic Scholar
- 86b49d808e17f22c01f936fc2b4c6e125c94e84d
- Cited by
- 4,331
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1091 · 2025: 1137 · 2024: 944 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 96.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OAR@UM (University of Malta) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- STROBE guidelines, reporting quality, observational studies, manuscript preparation, critical appraisal, reporting checklist, scientific publications
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