Coffee Intake and Risk of Hypertension: The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study
Abstract
Methods: We assessed coffee intake in a cohort of 1017 white male former medical students (mean age, 26 years) in graduating classes from 1948 to 1964 up to 11 times over a median follow-up of 33 years. Blood pressure and incidence of hypertension were determined annually by self-report, demonstrated to be accurate in this cohort. Results: Consumption of 1 cup of coffee a day raised systolic blood pressure by 0.19 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.35) and diastolic pressure by 0.27 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.39) after adjustment for parental incidence of hypertension and time-dependent body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity in analyses using generalized estimating equations. Compared with nondrinkers at baseline, coffee drinkers had a greater incidence of hypertension during follow-up (18.8% vs 28.3%; P=.03). Relative risk (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with drinking 5 or more cups a day was 1.35 (0.87-2.08) for baseline intake and 1.60 (1.06-2.40) for intake over follow-up. After adjustment for the variables listed above, however, these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Over many years of follow-up, coffee drinking is associated with small increases in blood pressure, but appears to play a small role in the development of hypertension.
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In Klag et al. (2002), no association between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of incident hypertension was observed after adjusting for confounding variables in normotensive young males.
“No association between caffeinated coffee consumption and the risk of incident hypertension was observed after adjusting for confounding variables in the study by Klag et al. (2002) in normotensive young males.”
From Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine (2015) · cites this paper as Klag et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Klag, M. J., Wang, N.-Y., Meoni, L. A., Brancati, F. L., Cooper, L. A., Liang, K.-Y., Young, J. H., & Ford, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2002-03-25
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 657
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W75331067
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-01760)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK02856, DK07732)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00035)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure, white men, hypertension incidence, cardiovascular risk factors
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