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Cited by 183Wireless Body Area NetworksInnovative Energy Harvesting TechnologiesAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

Powering implantable and ingestible electronics

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Yang, So‐Yoon, Sencadas, Vitor, You, Siheng Sean, Jia, Neil Zi‐Xun, Srinivasan, Shriya Sruthi, Huang, Hen‐Wei, Ahmed, Abdelsalam Elrefaey, Liang, Jia Ying +1 more·2021·Advanced Functional Materials
DOI 10.1002/adfm.202009289PMC PMC8553224
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Abstract

Implantable and ingestible biomedical electronic devices can be useful tools for detecting physiological and pathophysiological signals, and providing treatments that cannot be done externally. However, one major challenge in the development of these devices is the limited lifetime of their power sources. The state-of-the-art of powering technologies for implantable and ingestible electronics is reviewed here. The structure and power requirements of implantable and ingestible biomedical electronics are described to guide the development of powering technologies. These powering technologies include novel batteries that can be used as both power sources and for energy storage, devices that can harvest energy from the human body, and devices that can receive and operate with energy transferred from exogenous sources. Furthermore, potential sources of mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic energy present around common target locations of implantable and ingestible electronics are thoroughly analyzed; energy harvesting and transfer methods befitting each energy source are also discussed. Developing power sources that are safe, compact, and have high volumetric energy densities is essential for realizing long-term in-body biomedical electronics and for enabling a new era of personalized healthcare.

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  • Conventional batteries consume over half of the implant's total volume and have limited duration of power supply.

    “These conventional batteries, although energy dense, consume over half of the implant’s total volume and have limited duration of power supply (Yang et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2021

    The “Batteries with Versatile form Factors” passage says rigid batteries occupy more than half the volume of ingestible electronic devices and power them for no more than several days. The citing sentence applies that volume figure to implants, which the passage does not establish. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The limitation in available power supply options restricts device features such as power density, diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, operational lifespan, and duty cycle.

    “The limitation in available power supply options poses a significant challenge in powering brain implants, often restricting the device’s key features such as power density, including its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, operational lifespan, and duty cycle (Yang et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2021

  • Solid-state electrolytes allow the thickness of microbatteries to be reduced to micrometers.

    “A significant advancement in this area has been the development of solid-state electrolytes, allowing the thickness of these microbatteries to be reduced to mere micrometers.”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2021

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Authors
Yang, S., Sencadas, V., You, S. S., Jia, N. Z., Srinivasan, S. S., Huang, H., Ahmed, A. E., Liang, J. Y., & Traverso, G.
Affiliations
  • Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT (US)
  • Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Traverso, Giovanni
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Functional Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-02-04
Volume
31
Issue
44
ISSN
  • 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
  • 1616-3028
DOI
10.1002/adfm.202009289
PMC
PMC8553224
OpenAlex
W3126551253
Cited by
183
References
448
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 11
FWCI
7.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Kwanjeong Educational Foundation (19AmB32G)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Keywords
implantable electronics, medical electronics, power sources, energy harvesting, energy storage, batteries, wireless power transfer, volumetric energy density, personalized healthcare

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