Biofuel-powered soft electronic skin with multiplexed and wireless sensing for human-machine interfaces
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A flexible and fully biofuel-powered electronic skin enables continuous, multiplexed, and multimodal wireless sensing.
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Using the strain signal, the subject successfully controlled a prosthetic to assist walking in real-world environments.
“By utilizing the strain signal, the subject successfully controlled the prosthetic to assist walking in real-world environments (Figure 6B).[192]”
From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [192]
The Results section reports that a strain-sensor-integrated e-skin demonstrated prosthesis walking control for assistive walking in real-world environments. However, Materials and Methods specifies that a human operator, prompted by the transmitted strain signal, sent the command that triggered each swing step; it does not show the subject directly controlling the prosthesis. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA biofuel-powered strain sensor integrated on a human elbow captured strain signals.
“As shown in Figure 6A, a biofuel powered strain sensor was integrated onto a human elbow to capture strain signals.”
From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [192]
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- Authors
- Yu, Y., Nassar, J., Xu, C., Min, J., Yang, Y., Dai, A., Doshi, R., Huang, A., Song, Y., Gehlhar, R., Ames, A. D., & Gao, W.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gao, Wei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Robotics
- Published
- 2020-04-15
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 41
- ISSN
- 2470-9476 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7326328
- OpenAlex
- W3017605837
- Cited by
- 655
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 29
- FWCI
- 29.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Robotics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5R21NR018271)
- California Institute of Technology
- Rothenberg Innovation Initiative
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Soft Robotics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- wireless sensing, human-machine interaction, glucose detection, pH sensing, skin temperature monitoring, Bluetooth data transmission, wearable sensors
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Robotics, Skin Temperature, Sweat, Biosensing Techniques, Nanoparticles, Wireless Technology
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