NCAM1‐TTC12‐ANKK1‐DRD2 gene cluster and the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of adults with ADHD
Abstract
Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system have been implicated on the etiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Meta‐analyses addressing the association of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene and ADHD were inconclusive due to excessive heterogeneity across studies. Both the great phenotypic heterogeneity of ADHD and the complexity of the genomic region where DRD2 is located could contribute to the inconsistent findings. Most previous DRD2 studies focused on the well‐known Taq1A (rs1800497) SNP, which is actually placed in a neighbor gene (ANKK1). These two genes, together with NCAM1 and TTC12, form the NTAD gene cluster on Chr11q22–23. In order to address the reasons for the high heterogeneity previously reported on DRD2 effects on ADHD, this study investigates the role of NTAD variants on ADHD susceptibility in adults and on the modulation of comorbidity and personality profiles in these patients. Functional polymorphisms from NTAD were analyzed, both individually and in haplotypes, on a sample of 520 adults with ADHD and 630 non‐ADHD controls. No direct association of NTAD variants with ADHD susceptibility itself was observed. However, different NTAD polymorphisms and haplotypes were associated to various phenotypes relevant to the clinical heterogeneity of ADHD, including Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Harm Avoidance and Persistence temperament scores. Therefore, these findings represent a possible explanation for the multiple conflicting findings regarding polymorphisms in this genomic region in psychiatry. The NTAD cluster may comprise a variety of independent molecular influences on various brain and behavior characteristics eventually associated with ADHD comorbidities and personality traits. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Dopamine transmission may contribute to both ADHD and depression, with DRD2 and ANKK1 implicated.
“Dopamine transmission may also underlie ADHD and depression with both the DRD2 and ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) genes implicated in our analysis of depression and in ADHD 34.”
From Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
Cites
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A. R., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/519795 · Cited by 34,089 · see citing works
Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps
Barrett, J., Fry, B., Maller, J., & Daly, M. (2005) · Bioinform. · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457 · Cited by 15,086 · see citing works
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577 · see citing works
The Structure of Haplotype Blocks in the Human Genome
Gabriel, S. B., Schaffner, S. F., Nguyen, H., Moore, J. M., Roy, J., Blumenstiel, B., Higgins, J., DeFelice, M., Lochner, A., Faggart, M., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069424 · Cited by 5,863 · see citing works
A psychobiological model of temperament and character
Cloninger, C. R. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008 · Cited by 5,458 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The validated Portuguese version [Fuentes et al., 1999] of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger et al., 1993) was used to access the four temperament dimensions of personality: Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Persistence.”
MethodThe worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346 · see citing works
Self-citationKessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886 · see citing works
Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., Perlis, R. H., Doyle, A. E., Smoller, J. W., Goralnick, J. J., Holmgren, M. A., & Sklar, P. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.024 · Cited by 2,357 · see citing works
Kendler, K. S., Prescott, C. A., Myers, J., & Neale, M. C. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.929 · Cited by 1,868 · see citing works
Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis
Simon, V., Czobor, P., Bálint, S., Mészáros, Á., & Bitter, I. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048827 · Cited by 1,601 · see citing works
The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of depression
Dunlop, B. W., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.327 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review
Gizer, I. R., Ficks, C., & Waldman, I. D. (2009) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Jönsson, E. G., Nöthen, M. M., Grünhage, F., Farde, L., Nakashima, Y., Propping, P., & Sedvall, G. C. (1999) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000532 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Pohjalainen, T., Rinne, J. O., Någren, K., Lehikoinen, P., Anttila, K., Syvälahti, E. K. G., & Hietala, J. A. (1998) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000350 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Noble, E. P. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810310066012 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Neville, M. J., Johnstone, E. C., & Walton, R. T. (2004) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.20039 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., Taylor, E., Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T. J., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., & Aleardi, M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0403 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Thompson, J., Thomas, N., Singleton, A., Piggot, M., Lloyd, S., Perry, E. K., Morris, C. M., Perry, R. H., Ferrier, I. N., & Court, J. A. (1997) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/00008571-199712000-00006 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Development of lifetime comorbidity in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys
Kessler, R. C., Ormel, J., Petukhova, M., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Russo, L. J., Stein, D. J., Zaslavsky, A. M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., et al. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.180 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Tripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Bertolino, A., Fazio, L., Blasi, G., Rampino, A., Romano, R., Lee, M. T., Xiao, T., Papp, A. C., Wang, D., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707106104 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Molecular Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Faraone, S. V., & Mick, E. (2010) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.12.004 · Cited by 411 · cited 2× · see citing works
“High heritability estimates (around 76–80%) have been indicated for ADHD, both in children [Faraone et al., 2005] and adults [Chang et al.”
BackgroundGenetics of dopamine receptors and drug addiction: a comprehensive review
Foll, B. L., Gallo, A., Strat, Y. L., Lü, L., & Gorwood, P. A. P. M. (2009) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283242f05 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Kendler, K. S., Aggen, S. H., Knudsen, G. P., Røysamb, E., Neale, M. C., & Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030340 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., Gatz, M., & Pedersen, N. L. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009135 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
The genetic basis for smoking behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Munafo, M. R., Clark, T. G., Johnstone, E. C., Murphy, M., & Walton, R. T. (2004) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200410001734030 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Structure and Etiology of Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders in Adolescents
Cosgrove, V. E., Rhee, S. H., Gelhorn, H. L., Boeldt, D., Corley, R. C., Ehringer, M. A., Young, S. E., & Hewitt, J. K. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9444-8 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Role of Dopamine Receptors in ADHD: A Systematic Meta-analysis
Wu, J., Xiao, H., Sun, H., Zou, L., & Zhu, L.-Q. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8278-5 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Drug Addiction: Hypodopaminergic State
Melis, M., Spiga, S., & Diana, M. (2005) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)63005-x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Anckarsäter, H., Stahlberg, O., Larson, T., Hakansson, C., Jutblad, S.-B., Niklasson, L., Nydén, A., Wentz, E., Westergren, S., Cloninger, C. R., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1239 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Downey, K. K., Stelson, F., Pomerleau, O., & Giordani, B. (1997) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199701000-00006 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
The dopamine hypothesis of drug addiction and its potential therapeutic value
Diana, M. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00064 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Munafo, M. R., Matheson, I. J., & Jonathan Flint, C. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001938 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Hirvonen, M., Laakso, A., Någren, K., Rinne, J. O., Pohjalainen, T., & Hietala, J. A. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001561 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Jacob, C. P., Romanos, J., Dempfle, A., Heine, M., Windemuth-Kieselbach, C., Kruse, A., Reif, A., Walitza, S., Romanos, M., Strobel, A., et al. (2007) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0722-6 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Zippers Make Signals: NCAM-mediated Molecular Interactions and Signal Transduction
Walmod, P. S., Kolkova, K., Berezin, V., & Bock, E. (2004) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-004-6875-z · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Developmental Twin Study of Attention Problems: High Heritabilities Throughout Development
Chang, Z., Lichtenstein, P., Asherson, P. J., & Larsson, H. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.287 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Gelernter, J., Yu, Y., Weiss, R., Brady, K., Panhuysen, C. I. M., Yang, B.-Z., Kranzler, H., & Farrer, L. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl426 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Dopaminergic abnormalities in amygdaloid nuclei in major depression: a postmortem study
Klimek, V., Schenck, J. E., Han, H., Stockmeier, C. A., & Ordway, G. A. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01383-5 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hirvonen, M. M., Laakso, A., Någren, K., Rinne, J. O., Pohjalainen, T., & Hietala, J. (2009) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20672 · Cited by 176 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In vivo studies, for example, showed that the DRD2 rs6277 C allele affects DRD2 receptor binding potential in striatal regions, but probably not in the same way as ANKK1 rs1800497 SNP [Hirvonen et al., 2004, 2005, 2009].”
BackgroundSmith, L. A., Watson, M., Gates, S., Ball, D., & FOXCROFT, D. R. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm281 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Tochigi, M., Iwamoto, K., Bundo, M., Sasaki, T., Kato, N., & Kato, T. (2007) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2007.10.010 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Personality traits among ADHD adults: implications of late-onset and subthreshold diagnoses
Faraone, S. V., Kunwar, A., Adamson, J., & Biederman, J. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003917 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Genetic contributions to avoidance-based decisions: striatal D2 receptor polymorphisms
Frank, M. J., & Hutchison, K. E. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.048 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Lawford, B. R., Young, R. M., Noble, E. P., Kann, B., & Ritchie, T. L. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.01.006 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the dopaminergic hypotheses
Genro, J. P., Kieling, C., Rohde, L. A., & Hutz, M. H. (2010) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.17 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, W., Payne, T. J., Ma, J. Z., Beuten, J., Dupont, R. T., Inohara, N., & Li, M. D. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.37 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Yang, B., Kranzler, H. R., Zhao, H., Gruen, J. R., Luο, X., & Gelernter, J. E. (2007) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm240 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Anxiety and increased 5-HT1A receptor response in NCAM null mutant mice
Stork, O., Welzl, H., Wotjak, C. T., Hoyer, D., Delling, M., Cremer, H., & Schachner, M. (1999) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(19990905)40:3 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Progress in searching for susceptibility loci and genes for smoking‐related behaviour
Li, M., Ma, J., & Beuten, J. (2004) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00302.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Expression of PSA-NCAM and synaptic proteins in the amygdala of psychiatric disorder patients
Varea, E., Guirado, R., Gilabert‐Juan, J., Martí, U., Castillo-Gómez, E., Blasco‐Ibáñez, J. M., Crespo, C., & Nácher, J. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Yang, B., Kranzler, H. R., Zhao, H., Gruen, J. R., Luο, X., & Gelernter, J. E. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00800.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Dopamine D2 and D4 receptor heteromerization and its allosteric receptor–receptor interactions
Borroto-Escuela, D. O., Craenenbroeck, K. V., Romero-Fernandez, W., Guidolin, D., Woods, A. S., Rivera, A., Haegeman, G., Agnati, L. F., Tarakanov, A. O., & Fuxe, K. (2011) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.083 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Association of the DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism and smoking behavior: A meta-analysis and new data
Munafo, M. R., Timpson, N. J., David, S. P., Ebrahim, S. B. J., & Lawlor, D. A. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntn012 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Hayden, E. P., Klein, D. N., Dougherty, L. R., Olino, T. M., Laptook, R. S., Dyson, M. W., Bufferd, S. J., Durbin, C. E., Sheikh, H. I., & Singh, S. M. (2010) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e32833adccb · Cited by 93 · see citing works
González, S., Rangel‐Barajas, C., Peper, M., Lorenzo, R., Moreno, E., Ciruela, F., Borycz, J. A., Ortiz, J., Lluís, C., Franco, R., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.93 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of temperament in axis I psychiatric disorders
Miettunen, J., & Raevuori, A. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.03.008 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The boundaries of the internalizing and externalizing genetic spectra in men and women
Kendler, K. S., & Myers, J. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000585 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Wang, F., Simen, A. A., Arias, A. J., Lu, Q., & Zhang, H. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1251-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Xiao, M.-F., Xu, J.-C., Tereshchenko, Y., Novak, D., Schachner, M., & KLEENE, R. B. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4860-09.2009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ducci, F., Kaakinen, M., Pouta, A. M., Hartikainen, A., Veijola, J. M., Isohanni, M. K., Charoen, P., Coin, L., Hoggart, C., Ekelund, J., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.055 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ponce, G., Hoenicka, J., Jiménez‐Arriero, M. Á., Rodríguez–Jiménez, R., Aragüés, M., Martín-Suñé, N., Huertas, E., & Palomo, T. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041582 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Fiorentini, C., Guerra, N., Facchetti, M., Finardi, A., Tiberio, L., Schiaffonati, L., Spano, P., & Missale, C. (2002) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.16.2.0773 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Aonurm‐Helm, A., Jürgenson, M., Zharkovsky, T., Sonn, K., Berezin, V., Bock, E., & Zharkovsky, A. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06471.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
ANKK1, TTC12, and NCAM1 Polymorphisms and Heroin Dependence
Nelson, E. C., Lynskey, M. T., Heath, A. C., Wray, N. R., Arpana Agrawal, A., Shand, F., Henders, A. K., Wallace, L. M., Todorov, A. A., Schrage, A. J., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.282 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Temperament and Character Modify Risk of Drug Addiction and Influence Choice of Drugs
Milivojević, D., Milovanović, S., Jovanovic, M., Švrakić, D. M., Svrakic, N. M., Svrakic, S. M., & Cloninger, C. R. (2012) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00251.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M. V., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283477b22 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A common genetic network underlies substance use disorders and disruptive or externalizing disorders
Arcos-Burgos, M., Vélez, J. I., Solomon, B. D., & Muenke, M. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1164-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
A cooperative interaction between LPHN3 and 11q doubles the risk for ADHD
Jain, M., Vélez, J. I., Acosta, M. T., Palacio, L. G., Balog, J., Roessler, E., Pineda, D., Londoño, A. C., Palacio, J. D., Arbelaez, A., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.59 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Purper‐Ouakil, D., Cortese, S., Wohl, M., Aubron, V., Orejarena, S., Michel, G., Asch, M., Mouren, M., & Gorwood, P. A. P. M. (2009) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.08.004 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Smoking and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory
Etter, J. (2010) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq116 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hirvonen, M., Laakso, A., Någren, K., Rinne, J. O., Pohjalainen, T., & Hietala, J. A. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001707 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Öngür, D., Farabaugh, A. H., Iosifescu, D. V., Perlis, R. H., & D, M. F. M. (2005) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000084002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bontempi, S., Fiorentini, C., Busi, C., Guerra, N., Spano, P., & Missale, C. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1618 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hink, L. K., Rhee, S. H., Corley, R. P., Cosgrove, V. E., Hewitt, J. K., Schulz‐Heik, R. J., Lahey, B. B., & Waldman, I. D. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9730-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Internalizing and externalizing behavior in adult ADHD
Jacob, C., Groß‐Lesch, S., Jans, T., Geissler, J. M., Reif, A., Dempfle, A., & Lesch, K. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0128-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Huuhka, K., Anttila, S. A. K., Huuhka, M., Hietala, J. A., Huhtala, H., Mononen, N., Lehtimäki, T. J., & Leinonen, E. V. J. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A two-locus genetic interaction between LPHN3 and 11q predicts ADHD severity and long-term outcome
Acosta, M. T., Velez, J. I., Bustamante, M., Balog, J. Z., Arcos‐Burgos, M., & Muenke, M. (2011) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2011.14 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mota, N. R., Araujo-Jnr, E. V., Paixão‐Côrtes, V. R., Bortolini, M. C., & Bau, C. H. D. (2012) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/s1415-47572012000600004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationBidwell, L. C., McGeary, J. E., Gray, J. C., Palmer, R. H. C., Knopik, V. S., & MacKillop, J. M. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3748-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Multigene interactions and the prediction of depression in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
Roetker, N. S., Yonker, J. A., Lee, C. K., Chang, V., Basson, J., Roan, C., Hauser, T. S., Hauser, R. M., & Atwood, C. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000944 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jürgenson, M., Aonurm‐Helm, A., & Zharkovsky, A. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.056 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tridimensional Personalities and Polymorphism of Dopamine D2 Receptor Among Heroin Addicts
Teh, L. K., Abu, I. F., Hatta, F. H. M., Zakaria, Z. A., & Salleh, M. Z. (2011) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800411405030 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
ADRA2A polymorphisms and ADHD in adults: Possible mediating effect of personality
de Cerqueira, C. C. S., Polina, E. R., Contini, V., Marques, F. Z., Grevet, E. H., Salgado, C. A. I., da Silva, P. O. G., Picon, F. A., Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S., & Bau, C. H. D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.032 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelation of a set of gene variants, life events and personality features on adult ADHD severity
Müller, D. J., Chiesa, A., Mandelli, L., Luca, V. D., Ronchi, D. D., Jain, U., Serretti, A., & Kennedy, J. L. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.011 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sex-specific influence of DRD2 on ADHD-type temperament in a large population-based birth cohort
Nyman, E. S., Loukola, A., Varilo, T., Taanila, A., Hurtig, T., Moilanen, I., Loo, S., McGough, J., Järvelin, M., Smalley, S., et al. (2012) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e32834c0cc8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Frank, Y., Pergolizzi, R. G., & Perilla, M. J. (2004) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.06.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Polina, E. R., Rovaris, D. L., de Azeredo, L. A., Mota, N. R., Vitola, E. S., Silva, K. L., Guimarães-da-Silva, P. O., Picon, F. A., Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S., Rohde, L. A., et al. (2013) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-013-8286-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFiorentini, C. (2002) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.16.2.353 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mota, N. R., Bau, C. H. D., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J. K., Ebstein, R. P., Franke, B., Gill, M., Kuntsi, J., Manor, I., Miranda, A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32179 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationDRD2/DRD4 heteromerization may influence genetic susceptibility to alcohol dependence
Mota, N. R., Rovaris, D. L., Bertuzzi, G. P., Contini, V., Vitola, E. S., Grevet, E. H., Roman, T., Callegari-Jacques, S. M., Hutz, M. H., & Bau, C. H. D. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.50 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationYoung (2000) · doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20001009)96:5
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Howard, D. M., Adams, M. J., Clarke, T.-K., Hafferty, J. D., Gibson, J., Shirali, M., Coleman, J. R. I., Hagenaars, S. P., Ward, J., Wigmore, E. M., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0326-7 · Cited by 2,565 · see citing works
An integrated framework for local genetic correlation analysis
Werme, J., van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D., & de Leeuw, C. (2022) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01017-y · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Bonvicini, C., Faraone, S. V., & Scassellati, C. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.74 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Mapping the genetic landscape across 14 psychiatric disorders
Grotzinger, A. D., Werme, J., Peyrot, W. J., Frei, O., de Leeuw, C., Bicks, L. K., Guo, Q., Margolis, M. P., Coombes, B. J., Batzler, A. J., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09820-3 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Adult ADHD and comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders: a review of etiology and treatment
Fu, X., Wu, W., Wu, Y., Liu, X., Liang, W., Wu, R., & Li, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1597559 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Identifying common genome-wide risk genes for major psychiatric traits
Liu, S., Rao, S., Xu, Y. J., Li, J., Huang, H., Zhang, X., Fu, H. Q., Wang, Q., Cao, H., Baranova, A. V., et al. (2019) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02096-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Synergistic effects between ADORA2A and DRD2 genes on anxiety disorders in children with ADHD
Fraporti, T. T., Contini, V., Tovo‐Rodrigues, L., Recamonde‐Mendoza, M., Rovaris, D. L., Rohde, L. A., Hutz, M. H., Salatino‐Oliveira, A., & Genro, J. P. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.021 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationGerring, Z. F., Thorp, J. G., Gamazon, E. R., & Derks, E. M. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
LAVA: An integrated framework for local genetic correlation analysisPreprint
Werme, J., van der Sluis, S., Posthuma, D., & de Leeuw, C. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.31.424652 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Landscape of Shared and Divergent Genetic Influences across 14 Psychiatric DisordersPreprint
Grotzinger, A. D., Werme, J., Peyrot, W. J., Frei, O., de Leeuw, C. A., Bicks, L. K., Guo, Q., Margolis, M. P., Coombes, B. J., Batzler, A. J., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.25320574 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Colbert, S. M. C., Funkhouser, S. A., Johnson, E. C., Morrison, C. L., Hoeffer, C. A., Friedman, N. P., Ehringer, M. A., & Evans, L. M. (2021) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32874 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kappel, D., Schuch, J., Rovaris, D., da Silva, B. D., Cupertino, R., Winkler, C., Teche, S., Vitola, E., Karam, R., Rohde, L., et al. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.011 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic relationship between epilepsy and mental disorders: A comprehensive GWAS analysis
Abudusalamu, R., Maimaiti, A., Han, W., Wang, X., Jiao, T., Han, D., & Jiang, L. (2025) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110500 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Plasma Cell-Free DNA Methylomics of Bipolar Disorder With and Without Rapid Cycling
Ho, A. M., Winham, S. J., McCauley, B. M., Kundaković, M., Robertson, K. D., Sun, Z., Ördög, T., Webb, L. M., Frye, M. A., & Veldić, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.774037 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Thorpe, H. H. A., Cupertino, R. B., Pakala, S. R., Fontanillas, P., Jennings, M. V., Yang, J., Meredith, J. J., Greenwood, T. A., Bianchi, S. B., Vilar‐Ribó, L., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03356-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cheng, B., Du, Y., Wen, Y. F., Zhao, Y., He, A., Ding, M., Fan, Q., Li, P., Liu, L., Liang, X., et al. (2018) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.11.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Implementing Genomics in the Care of Neuropsychiatric Patients in Latin America
Forero, D. A., Urriago, H., López‐León, S., González‐Giraldo, Y., de Miranda, D. M., & Jovel, C. A. E. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811531-2.00005-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Antisocial personality disorder:Failure to balance excitation/inhibition?
Lesch, K., & Gorbunov, N. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110321 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trofimova, O., Iuliani, I., & Bergmann, S. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.09.26.24314454 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, M., Chen, X.-Z., Zhou, W.-Z., Zhou, N.-Y., Zhang, C., Yang, Y., Li, Q., Xin, M., Wu, Y., Qi, H.-B., et al. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725100718 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neurogenetics, Genome-Wide Association and Candidate Gene Studies
Haller, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46331-1_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Genetic, Pharmacogenetic, and Metabolomic Insights
Younes, S. N., Al‐Jurf, R., Hammuda, S., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Jurf, A., Ziyada, A., Abdulrouf, P. V., Qoronfleh, M. W., Samara, M. M., & Al-Dewik, N. I. E. (2022) · Nutritional neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9781-7_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Trofimova, O., Iuliani, I., & Bergmann, S. (2026) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70311
Li, Z., Morgan, L., Gong, T. M., Mula, M., & Espiridion, E. D. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.102747
Han, S., Toikumo, S., Colbert, S. M. C., Mullins, N., Hatoum, A. S., DiBlasi, E., Krueger, R. F., Kember, R. L., Shabalin, A. A., Kranzler, H. R., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9217629/v1
- Authors
- Mota, N. R., Rovaris, D. L., Kappel, D. B., Picon, F. A., Vitola, E. S., Salgado, C. A. I., Karam, R. G., Rohde, L. A., Grevet, E. H., & Bau, C. H. D.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (BR)
- ADHD Outpatient Program—Adult Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Corresponding author
- Bau, Claiton H. D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-18
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 433-444
- ISSN
- 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-485X
- OpenAlex
- W1500570688
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adult ADHD, CD56, ANKK1, DRD2, dopamine D2 receptor, genetic heterogeneity, haplotypes, functional polymorphisms, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, harm avoidance, persistence, personality traits, ADHD comorbidity, dopaminergic system
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review