The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammation after trauma: Microglial activation and traumatic brain injury
Abstract
Objective: Patient outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly variable. The underlying pathophysiology of this is poorly understood, but inflammation is potentially an important factor. Microglia orchestrate many aspects of this response. Their activation can be studied in vivo using the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [11C](R)PK11195 (PK). In this study, we investigate whether an inflammatory response to TBI persists, and whether this response relates to structural brain abnormalities and cognitive function. Methods: Ten patients, studied at least 11 months after moderate to severe TBI, underwent PK PET and structural magnetic resonance imaging (including diffusion tensor imaging). PK binding potentials were calculated in and around the site of focal brain damage, and in selected distant and subcortical brain regions. Standardized neuropsychological tests were administered. Results: PK binding was significantly raised in the thalami, putamen, occipital cortices, and posterior limb of the internal capsules after TBI. There was no increase in PK binding at the original site of focal brain injury. High PK binding in the thalamus was associated with more severe cognitive impairment, although binding was not correlated with either the time since the injury or the extent of structural brain damage. Interpretation: We demonstrate that increased microglial activation can be present up to 17 years after TBI. This suggests that TBI triggers a chronic inflammatory response particularly in subcortical regions. This highlights the importance of considering the response to TBI as evolving over time and suggests interventions may be beneficial for longer intervals after trauma than previously assumed. ANN NEUROL 2011;
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“and imaging studies showing increased binding of PK-[11C](R)PK11195 ligand, expressed by activated microglia, between 11 months and 17 years post-injury (86).”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [86]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, TBIs and head traumas are associated with neuroinflammation, which can persist for decades following the initial incident [51,52,53].”
From Head Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Population-Based Study from the National ALS Registry (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“Since the impacts of a severe head injury can be sustained for years after the incident, the effects of a head injury received at a younger age may not appear until later stages of life [51,52,53].”
From Head Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Population-Based Study from the National ALS Registry (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“In human patients, increased microglial activation is even detectable by PET scan 17 years after the primary injury [114].”
From Untangling senescent and damage‐associated microglia in the aging and diseased brain (2023) · cites this paper as [114]
Citations
Cites
Microglia: Intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain
Gehrmann, J., Matsumoto, Y., & Kreutzberg, G. W. (1995) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)00015-h · Cited by 1,111
A population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuries
Annegers, J. F., Hauser, W. A., Coan, S. P., & Rocca, W. A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801013380104 · Cited by 1,090
Systemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration
Perry, V. H., Cunningham, C., & Holmes, C. (2007) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2015 · Cited by 1,027
Automatic anatomical brain MRI segmentation combining label propagation and decision fusion
Heckemann, R. A., Hajnal, J. V., Aljabar, P., Rueckert, D., & Hammers, A. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.061 · Cited by 880
Self-citationBal-Price, A., & Brown, G. C. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-17-06480.2001 · Cited by 686
White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury
Kinnunen, K. M., Greenwood, R., Powell, J. H., Leech, R., Hawkins, P. C. T., Bonnelle, V., Patel, M. C., Counsell, S. J., & Sharp, D. J. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq347 · Cited by 685
Self-citationUpdate of Neuropathology and Neurological Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury
Povlishock, J. T., & Katz, D. I. (2005) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00001199-200501000-00008 · Cited by 676
The Mayo Classification System for Traumatic Brain Injury Severity
Malec, J. F., Brown, A. W., Leibson, C. L., Flaada, J. T., Mandrekar, J. N., Diehl, N. N., & Perkins, P. K. (2007) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0245 · Cited by 673
Essential protective roles of reactive astrocytes in traumatic brain injury
Myer, D. J. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl165 · Cited by 637
Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study
Guo, Z., Cupples, L. A., Kurz, A., Auerbach, S. H., Volicer, L., Chui, H., Green, R. C., Sadovnick, A. D., Duara, R., DeCarli, C., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.6.1316 · Cited by 506
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., Khoury, J. E., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., Jacobs, A. H., Wyss-Coray, T., Vitorica, J., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)70016-5 · Cited by 6,226
Self-citationNeuroinflammation: The Devil Is in the Details
DiSabato, D. J., Quan, N., & Godbout, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13607 · Cited by 1,640
The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
Simon, D. W., McGeachy, M. J., Bayır, H., Clark, R. S. B., Loane, D. J., & Kochanek, P. M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.13 · Cited by 1,190
Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury
Johnson, V. E., Stewart, J. E., Begbie, F. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., Smith, D. H., & Stewart, W. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws322 · Cited by 1,045
Predicting Age Using Neuroimaging: Innovative Brain Ageing Biomarkers
Cole, J. H., & Franke, K. (2017) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.001 · Cited by 939
Microglia in the TBI brain: The good, the bad, and the dysregulated
Loane, D. J., & Kumar, A. (2015) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.08.018 · Cited by 846
Neuroimmunology of Traumatic Brain Injury: Time for a Paradigm Shift
Jassam, Y. N., Izzy, S., Whalen, M., McGavern, D. B., & El Khoury, J. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.010 · Cited by 799
Chronic neuropathologies of single and repetitive TBI: substrates of dementia?
Smith, D. H., Johnson, V. E., & Stewart, W. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.29 · Cited by 699
Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention
Kumar, A., & Loane, D. J. (2012) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.008 · Cited by 710
Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Sharp, D. J., Scott, G., & Leech, R. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.15 · Cited by 657
Self-citationChhor, V., Charpentier, T. L., Lebon, S., Oré, M. V., Lara‐Celador, I., Josserand, J., Degos, V., Jacotot, E. D., Hagberg, H., Sävman, K., et al. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.02.005 · Cited by 676
The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury
Wilson, L., Stewart, W., Dams-O'Connor, K., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Horton, L., Menon, D. K., & Polinder, S. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30279-x · Cited by 607
Bramlett, H. M., & Dietrich, W. D. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3352 · Cited by 590
Dagher, N. N., Najafi, A. R., Kayala, K. M. N., Elmore, M. R. P., White, T. E., Medeiros, R., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0366-9 · Cited by 505
Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system: Symphony of glial cells
Yang, Q., & Zhou, J. (2018) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23571 · Cited by 539
Loane, D. J., Kumar, A., Stoica, B. A., Cabatbat, R., & Faden, A. I. (2014) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000021 · Cited by 498
Microglial Activation in Traumatic Brain Injury
Donat, C. K., Scott, G., Gentleman, S., & Sastre, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00208 · Cited by 512
Self-citationChronic impact of traumatic brain injury on outcome and quality of life: a narrative review
Stocchetti, N., & Zanier, E. R. (2016) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1318-1 · Cited by 500
An Inflammation-Centric View of Neurological Disease: Beyond the Neuron
Skaper, S. D., Facci, L., Zusso, M., & Giusti, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00072 · Cited by 477
Prediction of brain age suggests accelerated atrophy after traumatic brain injury
Cole, J. H., Leech, R., Sharp, D. J., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2015) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24367 · Cited by 439
Self-citationTraumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disorder
Brett, B. L., Gardner, R. C., Godbout, J. P., Dams-O’Connor, K., & Keene, C. D. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.025 · Cited by 454
Henderson, T. A., & Morries, L. D. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s78182 · Cited by 432
Norden, D. M., Muccigrosso, M. M., & Godbout, J. P. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.028 · Cited by 413
Drug delivery to the central nervous system
Nance, E. A., Pun, S. H., Saigal, R., & Sellers, D. L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00394-w · Cited by 442
Huang, S., Ge, X., Yu, J., Han, Z., Yin, Z., Li, Y., Chen, F., Wang, H., Zhang, J., & Lei, P. (2018) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700673r · Cited by 388
Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease: The Cerebrovascular Link
Ramos‐Cejudo, J., Wısnıewskı, T., Marmar, C. R., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., de Leon, M. J., & Fossati, S. (2018) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.021 · Cited by 406
Witcher, K. G., Bray, C. E., Chunchai, T., Zhao, F., O'Neil, S. M., Gordillo, A. J., Campbell, W. A., McKim, D. B., Liu, X., Dziabis, J. E., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2469-20.2020 · Cited by 387
Tertiary mechanisms of brain damage: a new hope for treatment of cerebral palsy?
Fleiss, B., & Gressèns, P. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70058-3 · Cited by 380
Graham, N., & Sharp, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-317557 · Cited by 357
Self-citationHenry, R. J., Ritzel, R. M., Barrett, J. P., Doran, S. J., Jiao, Y., Leach, J. B., Szeto, G. L., Wu, J., Stoica, B. A., Faden, A. I., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2402-19.2020 · Cited by 344
Microglial/Macrophage Polarization Dynamics following Traumatic Brain Injury
Kumar, A., Alvarez-Croda, D.-M., Stoica, B. A., Faden, A. I., & Loane, D. J. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4268 · Cited by 339
Traumatic Axonal Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Opportunities
Hill, C. S., Coleman, M. P., & Menon, D. K. (2016) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.002 · Cited by 327
Devanney, N. A., Stewart, A. N., & Gensel, J. C. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113310 · Cited by 316
Rice, R. A., Spangenberg, E. E., Yamate-Morgan, H., Lee, R. J., Arora, R. P. S., Hernandez, M. X., Tenner, A. J., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0336-15.2015 · Cited by 270
Cellular infiltration in traumatic brain injury
Alam, A., Thelin, E. P., Tajsic, T., Khan, D. Z., Khellaf, A., Patani, R., & Helmy, A. E. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-02005-x · Cited by 309
Progressive inflammation‐mediated neurodegeneration after traumatic brain or spinal cord injury
Faden, A. I., Wu, J., Stoica, B. A., & Loane, D. J. (2015) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13179 · Cited by 299
The Versatile Tanycyte: A Hypothalamic Integrator of Reproduction and Energy Metabolism
Prévot, V., Dehouck, B., Sharif, A., Ciofi, P., Giacobini, P., & Clasadonte, J. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00235 · Cited by 299
Microglia Activation as a Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury
Hernandez‐Ontiveros, D. G., Tajiri, N., Acosta, S., Giunta, B. N., Tan, J., & Borlongan, C. V. (2013) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00030 · Cited by 292
Sariaslan, A., Sharp, D. J., D’Onofrio, B. M., Larsson, H., & Fazel, S. (2016) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002103 · Cited by 262
“Detailed clinical studies on representative paediatric populations are needed to extend recent advances in the understanding of adult TBI pathophysiology, as this will inform the nature of key drivers for poor long-term outcome [61,62].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMolecular mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Walker, K. R., & Tesco, G. (2013) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00029 · Cited by 265
Hay, J. R., Johnson, V. E., Young, A. M. H., Smith, D. H., & Stewart, W. B., Jr. (2015) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000261 · Cited by 275
Emerging Roles for the Immune System in Traumatic Brain Injury
McKee, C. A., & Lukens, J. R. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00556 · Cited by 277
Neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury: relationship to neuroimaging findings
Bigler, E. D., & Maxwell, W. L. (2012) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-011-9145-0 · Cited by 311
Shao, F., Wang, X., Wu, H., Wu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.825086 · Cited by 250
Wu, J., Zhao, Z., Sabirzhanov, B. E., Stoica, B. A., Kumar, A., Luo, T., Skovira, J. W., & Faden, A. I. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5110-13.2014 · Cited by 251
Faden, A. I., & Loane, D. J. (2015) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-014-0319-5 · Cited by 245
PET imaging of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders
Kreisl, W. C., Kim, M.-J., Coughlin, J. M., Henter, I. D., Owen, D. R., & Innis, R. B. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30346-x · Cited by 254
Fenn, A. M., Gensel, J. C., Huang, Y., Popovich, P. G., Lifshitz, J., & Godbout, J. P. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.014 · Cited by 283
Neuroinflammation and brain atrophy in former NFL players: An in vivo multimodal imaging pilot study
Coughlin, J. M., Wang, Y., Munro, C. A., Ma, S., Chen, Y., Chen, S., Airan, R. D., Kim, P. K., Adams, A. V., Garcia, C., et al. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.019 · Cited by 244
Xiong, Y., Mahmood, A., & Chopp, M. (2018) · Chinese Journal of Traumatology · doi:10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.02.003 · Cited by 253
The methodology of TSPO imaging with positron emission tomography
Turkheimer, F. E., Rizzo, G., Bloomfield, P. S., Howes, O., Zanotti-Fregonara, P., Bertoldo, A., & Veronese, M. (2015) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20150058 · Cited by 238
Self-citationMorganti, J. M., Jopson, T. D., Liu, S., Riparip, L.-K., Guandique, C. K., Gupta, N., Ferguson, A. R., & Rosi, S. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2405-14.2015 · Cited by 253
A Review of the Effectiveness of Neuroimaging Modalities for the Detection of Traumatic Brain Injury
Amyot, F., Arciniegas, D. B., Brazaitis, M. P., Curley, K. C., Diaz-Arrastia, R. R., Gandjbakhche, A., Herscovitch, P., Hinds, S. R., Manley, G. T., Pacifico, A. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3306 · Cited by 240
Elmore, M. R. P., Lee, R. J., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122912 · Cited by 228
Microglial repopulation resolves inflammation and promotes brain recovery after injury: RICE et al.
Rice, R. A., Pham, J., Lee, R. J., Najafi, A. R., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23135 · Cited by 228
Minocycline reduces chronic microglial activation after brain trauma but increases neurodegeneration
Scott, G., Zetterberg, H., Jolly, A., Cole, J. H., Simoni, S. D., Jenkins, P. O., Feeney, C., Owen, D. R., Lingford-Hughes, A. R., Howes, O. D., et al. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx339 · Cited by 228
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of Glutamate Toxicity in Parkinson’s Disease
Wang, J., Wang, F., Mai, D., & Qu, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.585584 · Cited by 236
Priming the Inflammatory Pump of the CNS after Traumatic Brain Injury
Witcher, K. G., Eiferman, D. S., & Godbout, J. P. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.08.002 · Cited by 234
Morganti-Kossmann, M. C., Semple, B. D., Hellewell, S. C., Bye, N., & Ziebell, J. M. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1944-6 · Cited by 227
Glushakova, O. Y., Johnson, D., & Hayes, R. L. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3080 · Cited by 223
Kumar, A., Barrett, J. P., Alvarez-Croda, D.-M., Stoica, B. A., Faden, A. I., & Loane, D. J. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.158 · Cited by 213
Qin, J., Ma, Z., Chen, X., & Shu, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1103416 · Cited by 243
Li, Y., Ritzel, R. M., Khan, N., Cao, T., He, J., Lei, Z., Matyas, J. J., Sabirzhanov, B. E., Liu, S., Li, H., et al. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.49199 · Cited by 214
The neuroinflammatory response in humans after traumatic brain injury
Smith, C., Gentleman, S. M., Leclercq, P. D., Murray, L. S., Griffin, W. S. T., Graham, D. I., & Nicoll, J. A. R. (2012) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12008 · Cited by 213
Self-citationPathophysiogenesis of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Is Prevention of Damage Antiepileptogenic?
Curia, G., Lucchi, C., Vinet, J., Gualtieri, F., Marinelli, C., Torsello, A., Costantino, L., & Biagini, G. (2014) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867320666131119152201 · Cited by 216
Ryan, N. S., Keihaninejad, S., Shakespeare, T. J., Lehmann, M., Crutch, S. J., Malone, I. B., Thornton, J. S., Mancini, L., Hyare, H., Yousry, T., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt065 · Cited by 205
Traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, and neurodegeneration
Bigler, E. D. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00395 · Cited by 210
Graham, N., Zimmerman, K. A., Moro, F., Heslegrave, A., Maillard, S. A., Bernini, A., Miroz, J., Donat, C. K., Lopez, M. Y., Bourke, N., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abg9922 · Cited by 198
Self-citationPET Imaging of Inflammation Biomarkers
Wu, C., Li, F., Niu, G., & Chen, X. S. (2013) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.6592 · Cited by 204
Sundman, M., Chen, N., Subbian, V., & Chou, Y. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.009 · Cited by 204
Concussion is confusing us all
Sharp, D. J., & Jenkins, P. O. (2015) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/practneurol-2015-001087 · Cited by 195
Self-citationAcosta, S. A., Tajiri, N., Shinozuka, K., Ishikawa, H., Grimmig, B. A., Diamond, D. M., Sanberg, P. R., Bickford, P. C., Kaneko, Y., & Borlongan, C. V. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053376 · Cited by 201
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Neuropathological Legacy of Traumatic Brain Injury
Hay, J. R., Johnson, V. E., Smith, D. H., & Stewart, W. B., Jr. (2016) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044116 · Cited by 202
Repetitive Head Impacts and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
McKee, A. C., Alosco, M. L., & Huber, B. R. (2016) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.05.009 · Cited by 207
Traumatic brain injury induces macrophage subsets in the brain
Hsieh, C. L., Kim, C. C., Ryba, B. E., Niemi, E. C., Bando, J. K., Locksley, R. M., Liu, J., Nakamura, M. C., & Seaman, W. E. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201243084 · Cited by 185
Long-lasting blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
van Vliet, E. A., Ndode‐Ekane, X. E., Lehto, L. J., Gorter, J. A., Andrade, P., Aronica, E., Gröhn, O. H. J., & Pitkänen, A. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105080 · Cited by 181
Dissemination of brain inflammation in traumatic brain injury
Shi, K., Zhang, J., Dong, J., & Shi, F. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-019-0213-5 · Cited by 187
Population based study on patients with traumatic brain injury suggests increased risk of dementia
Wang, H.-K., Lin, S.-H., Sung, P.-S., Wu, M.-H., Hung, K.-W., Wang, L.-C., Huang, C.-Y., Lu, K., Chen, H.-J., & Tsai, K.-J. (2012) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302633 · Cited by 179
Late exercise reduces neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Piao, C.-S., Stoica, B. A., Wu, J., Sabirzhanov, B. E., Zhao, Z., Cabatbat, R. M., Loane, D. J., & Faden, A. I. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.017 · Cited by 178
Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update
Krivanek, T. J., Gale, S. A., McFeeley, B. M., Nicastri, C. M., & Daffner, K. R. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201462 · Cited by 189
Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review
Goldman, L. V., Siddiqui, E. M., Khan, A., Jahan, S., Rehman, M. U., Mehan, S., Sharma, R. K., Budkin, S., Kumar, S. N., Sahu, A., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092167 · Cited by 205
Byrnes, K. R., Loane, D. J., Stoica, B. A., Zhang, J., & Faden, A. I. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-43 · Cited by 175
Robust whole-brain segmentation: Application to traumatic brain injury
Ledig, C., Heckemann, R. A., Hammers, A., López‐Azor, J. C., Newcombe, V., Makropoulos, A., Lötjönen, J. M. P., Menon, D. K., & Rueckert, D. (2014) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2014.12.003 · Cited by 175
Self-citationBiological links between traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease
Delic, V., Beck, K. D., Pang, K. C. H., & Citron, B. A. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-020-00924-7 · Cited by 165
Kumar, R. G., Diamond, M. L., Boles, J. A., Berger, R. P., Tisherman, S. A., Kochanek, P. M., & Wagner, A. K. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.021 · Cited by 163
Spatial patterns of progressive brain volume loss after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury
Cole, J. H., Jolly, A., Simoni, S. D., Bourke, N., Patel, M. C., Scott, G., & Sharp, D. J. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx354 · Cited by 176
Self-citationCai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Yao, J., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-022-00862-y · Cited by 166
Coughlin, J. M., Wang, Y., Minn, I., Bienko, N., Ambinder, E. B., Xu, X., Peters, M. E., Dougherty, J. W., Vranešić, M., Koo, S. M., et al. (2016) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3764 · Cited by 168
Xiao, L., Wei, F., Zhou, Y., Anderson, G. J., Frazer, D. M., Lim, Y. C., Liu, T., & Xiao, Y. (2019) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04216 · Cited by 160
Yin, Z., Han, Z., Hu, T., Zhang, S., Ge, X., Huang, S., Wang, L., Yu, J., Li, W., Wang, Y., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.004 · Cited by 171
Lipids in the intensive care unit: Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group
Calder, P. C., Adolph, M., Deutz, N. E., Grau, T., Innes, J. K., Klek, S., Lev, S., Mayer, K., Michael-Titus, A. T., Pradelli, L., et al. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.032 · Cited by 158
Hegdekar, N., Sarkar, C., Bustos, S., Ritzel, R. M., Hanscom, M., Ravishankar, P., Philkana, D., Wu, J., Loane, D. J., & Lipinski, M. M. (2023) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2023.2167689 · Cited by 164
In vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia
Pasternak, O., Kubicki, M. R., & Shenton, M. E. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.034 · Cited by 156
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in disorders of the developing brain
Moretti, R., Pansiot, J., Bettati, D., Strazielle, N., Ghersi‐Egea, J., Damante, G., Fleiss, B., Titomanlio, L., & Gressèns, P. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00040 · Cited by 165
Witcher, K. G., Bray, C. E., Dziabis, J. E., McKim, D. B., Benner, B. N., Rowe, R. K., Kokiko‐Cochran, O. N., Popovich, P. G., Lifshitz, J., Eiferman, D. S., et al. (2018) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23523 · Cited by 153
The immunological response to traumatic brain injury
Needham, E., Helmy, A. E., Zanier, E. R., Jones, J., Coles, A. J., & Menon, D. K. (2019) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.005 · Cited by 161
Dysregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in microglia: shaping chronic neuroinflammation
Chu, E., Mychasiuk, R., Hibbs, M. L., & Semple, B. D. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02325-6 · Cited by 152
Role of Microvascular Disruption in Brain Damage from Traumatic Brain Injury
Logsdon, A. F., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Turner, R. C., Huber, J. D., Rosen, C. L., & Simpkins, J. W. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140057 · Cited by 174
Investigating white matter injury after mild traumatic brain injury
Sharp, D. J., & Ham, T. E. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32834cd523 · Cited by 153
Self-citationInflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury
Postolache, T. T., Wadhawan, A., Can, A., Lowry, C. A., Woodbury, M., Makkar, H., Hoisington, A. J., Scott, A. J., Potocki, E., Benros, M. E., et al. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-191150 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramlackhansingh, A. F., Brooks, D. J., Greenwood, R. J., Bose, S. K., Turkheimer, F. E., Kinnunen, K. M., Gentleman, S., Heckemann, R. A., Gunanayagam, K., Gelosa, G., & Sharp, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sharp, David J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-06-27
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 374-383
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2096019298
- Cited by
- 999
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 28.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Imperial College Healthcare Charity
- Dunhill Medical Trust
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, [11C]PK11195 PET, thalamus, cognitive impairment, subcortical structures, diffusion tensor imaging, structural brain abnormalities
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amnesia, Brain Injuries, Cognition Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Inflammation, Isoquinolines, Macrophage Activation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Thalamus, Wechsler Scales, Glasgow Coma Scale, Cluster Analysis, Microglia, Positron-Emission Tomography, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
