Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,047

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of age, gender, and education

Zhang, Mingyuan, Katzman, Robert, Salmon, David, Jin, Hua, Cai, Guojun, Wang, Zhengyu, Qu, Guangya, Grant, Igor, Yu, Elena, Levy, Paul, Klauber, Melville R., Liu, William T.·1990·Annals of Neurology
DOI 10.1002/ana.410270412
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We report the prevalence rates for dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) obtained from a probability sample survey of 5,055 noninstitutionalized older persons in Shanghai, China. A two‐stage procedure was used for case finding and case identification. A Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination was used to determine cases of possible dementia. Three different cutoff points on this mental status test were used depending on the respondent's level of education. Clinical evaluations, based on functional assessments and psychiatric inverview, medical and neurological examinations, three standardized mental status tests, and a selected group of psychometric tests, were made in the second stage of the study to ascertain the clinical diagnoses of dementia and AD utilizing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, edition 3 and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria, respectively. The prevalence rate of dementia in persons 65 years and older was 4.6%. Clinically diagnosed AD accounted for 65% of the subjects with dementia. These findings indicate that the prevalence of dementia in Shanghai is very much higher than figures published earlier for China and Japan, and at the lower part of the range of values reported for community residents in the United States and other Western countries, but less than half of that reported in the recently published survey of the elderly in East Boston. Increasing age, gender (female), and low education are each highly significant and independent risk factors for dementia. One hypothesis to explain the increased prevalence in elderly women who had received no formal education invokes the possibility of an effect of early deprivation, perhaps lowering brain %reserve,% allowing the symptoms of dementia to appear at an earlier date during disease progression.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/ana.410270412

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 31

  1. Mortimer JA, 1981, The epidemiology of dementia, 3
  2. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10598.x · DOI
  3. 10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30884-0 · DOI
  4. Mortimer JA, 1983, Alzheimer disease, 144
  5. Chen XS, 1987, A psychiatric epidemiological survey on elderly in Beijing city, Chung Hua Shen Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih, 20, 145
  6. Kuang PG, 1984, A sampling survey of geriatric mental disturbances at Wuhan in 1981, Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih, 5, 95
  7. Yang JS, 1988, A survey of physical and mental health among 1229 elderly over 65, Chinese J Neurol Syst Mental Dis (Zhonggua Shenjing Jingshen Jiking Zazhi, in Chinese), 14, 85
  8. Li G, 1988, The test of MMSE in urban community elderly, Chinese J Mental Health (Zhonghua Shenjing Jingshenke Zazhi, in Chinese), 2, 13
  9. 10.1093/ije/17.4.931-a · DOI
  10. 10.1093/geronj/44.3.S97 · DOI
  11. QuGY RenFM YaoCD et al.Data collection in Shanghai survey of the elderly. Paper presented at the Asia–U.S. Conference on Social Services and Aging Policy August 7–11 1988 Pensacola FL
  12. 10.1016/0895-4356(88)90034-0 · DOI · Paper page
  13. 10.1016/0021-9681(86)90019-6 · DOI
  14. ZhangMY QuGY WangZY et al.The CMMSE and its validity. Paper presented at the Asia–U.S. Conference on Social Service and Aging Policy Aug 7–111988 Pensacola FL
  15. Fuld PA, 1978, Alzheimer's disease: senile dementia and related disorders. Aging, 185
  16. 10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.471 · DOI
  17. Fuld PA, 1981, The Fuld Object‐Memory Evaluation
  18. 10.1080/01688638708410764 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Wechsler D, 1974, Manual: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised (WISC‐R)
  20. Gong YX, 1982, Manual of Modified Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS‐RC) (in Chinese)
  21. 10.1093/geronj/37.3.323 · DOI
  22. 1980, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  23. 10.1212/WNL.34.7.939 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Hachinski V, 1978, Alzheimer's disease: Senile dementia and related disorders. Aging, 97
  25. Levy P, 1980, Sampling for health professionals
  26. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00012.x · DOI
  27. Essen‐Möller E, 1956, Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population, Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand, 31, 1
  28. Helgason T, 1973, Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of Psychiatry, Mexico, 1971, 350
  29. 10.1192/bjp.110.465.146 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Larsson T, 1963, Senile dementia: a clinical, sociomedical and genetic study, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 39, 1
  31. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1963.tb07863.x · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Zhang, M., Katzman, R., Salmon, D., Jin, H., Cai, G., Wang, Z., Qu, G., Grant, I., Yu, E., Levy, P., Klauber, M. R., & Liu, W. T.
Venue
Annals of Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1990-04
Volume
27
Issue
4
Pages
428-437
ISSN
  • 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-8249
DOI
10.1002/ana.410270412
OpenAlex
W2063951693
Cited by
1,047
References
3
FWCI
19.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5304 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.