The impact of junk foods on the adolescent brain
Abstract
Adolescence is a significant period of physical, social, and emotional development, and is characterized by prominent neurobiological changes in the brain. The maturational processes that occur in brain regions responsible for cognitive control and reward seeking may underpin excessive consumption of palatable high fat and high sugar “junk” foods during adolescence. Recent studies have highlighted the negative impact of these foods on brain function, resulting in cognitive impairments and altered reward processing. The increased neuroplasticity during adolescence may render the brain vulnerable to the negative effects of these foods on cognition and behavior. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which junk food diets influence neurodevelopment during adolescence. Diet can lead to alterations in dopamine‐mediated reward signaling, and inhibitory neurotransmission controlled by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), two major neurotransmitter systems that are under construction across adolescence. We propose that poor dietary choices may derail the normal adolescent maturation process and influence neurodevelopmental trajectories, which can predispose individuals to dysregulated eating and impulsive behaviors.
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Findings from human cohorts point to the importance of adequate nutrition and diet quality for adolescent brain and mental health.
“Findings from human cohorts point to the importance of adequate nutrition and diet quality for adolescent brain and mental health (291, 292).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [291]
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Nyaradi, A., Li, J., Hickling, S., Foster, J. K., Jacques, A., Ambrosini, G. L., & Oddy, W. H. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042961 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Wong, A., Dogra, V. R., & Reichelt, A. C. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.029 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationHammerslag, L. R., Waldman, A. J., & Gulley, J. M. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wakabayashi, C., Numakawa, T., Ooshima, Y., et al. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4068-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Andersen (2000) · doi:10.1002/1098-2396(200008)37:2
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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health
Berding, K., Vlckova, K., Marx, W., Schellekens, H., Stanton, C., Clarke, G., Jacka, F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2021) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa181 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Reichelt, A. C., Loughman, A., Bernard, A., Raipuria, M., Abbott, K. N., Dachtler, J., Van, T. T. H., & Moore, R. J. (2020) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2018.1537169 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Reichelt, A. C., & Rank, M. M.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Reichelt, Amy C.
- Venue
- Birth Defects Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 1649-1658
- ISSN
- 2472-1727 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2777650050
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Birth Defects Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (DE140101071)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- junk food, adolescent brain, brain development, high-fat high-sugar diet, cognitive control, reward processing, dopamine, GABA, inhibitory neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, dysregulated eating, impulsive behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Diet, Eating, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Adolescent Development
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