Cited by 236Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorRegulation of Appetite and ObesityEating Disorders and Behaviors

Adaptations in brain reward circuitry underlie palatable food cravings and anxiety induced by high-fat diet withdrawal

Sharma, S, Fernandes, M F, Fulton, S·2013·International Journal of Obesity

Abstract

Objective To identify the emotional and motivational processes that reinstate palatable food intake following removal of high-fat diet (HFD) and associated neuroadaptations tied to neurochemical and behavioural changes underlying dopaminergic function.Methods Adult male C57Bl6 mice were placed on a HFD (58% kcal fat) or ingredient-matched, low-fat diet (LFD; 11% kcal fat) for 6 weeks. At the end of diet-regimen mice were either maintained on their respective diets, or HFD and LFD were replaced with normal chow (withdrawal). Effort-based operant responding for sucrose and high-fat food rewards was measured along with basal and stress-induced corticosterone levels and anxiety (elevated-plus maze). Protein levels for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), corticosterone releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF-R1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phospho-CREB (pCREB) and ΔFosB (truncated splice variant of FosB) were assessed in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) via western immunoblotting.Results Six weeks of HFD resulting in significant weight gain elicited sucrose anhedonia, anxiety-like behaviour and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) hypersensitivity to stress. Withdrawal from HFD but not LFD-potentiated anxiety and basal corticosterone levels and enhanced motivation for sucrose and high-fat food rewards. Chronic high-fat feeding reduced CRF-R1 and increased BDNF and pCREB protein levels in the amygdala and reduced TH and increased ΔFosB protein in NAc and VTA. Heightened palatable food reward in mice withdrawn from HFD coincided with increased BDNF protein levels in NAc and decreased TH and pCREB expression in the amygdala.Conclusion Anhedonia, anxiety and sensitivity to stressors develops during the course of HFD and may have a key role in a vicious cycle that perpetuates high-fat feeding and the development of obesity. Removal of HFD enhances stress responses and heightens vulnerability for palatable foods by increasing food-motivated behaviour. Lasting changes in dopamine and plasticity-related signals in reward circuitry may promote negative emotional states, overeating and palatable food relapse.

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Crossref · 10.1038/ijo.2012.197

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  • Prolonged high-fat diet heightens stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses in rodents.

    “To this end, rodent research has revealed that prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) elicits metabolic dysfunction and increases anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], heightens stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses [37,38], and triggers neurobehavioral deficits associated with blunted mesolimbic dopamine function [39][40][41].”

    From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [37]

  • In the absence of obesity development, saturated high-fat diets can still potentiate HPA reactivity and feedback and suppress behavioral responses to rewards in rodents.

    “However, in the absence of obesity development, these diets can still potentiate HPA reactivity [37] and feedback [38] and suppress behavioral responses to rewards [41].”

    From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Prolonged saturated high-fat feeding that does not lead to significant adipose deposition fails to stimulate anxiety-like behaviors in rodents.

    “The importance of excessive adipose mass to emotional deficits in obesity is highlighted by rodent studies showing that prolonged saturated high-fat feeding that does not lead to significant adipose deposition fails to stimulate anxiety-like behaviors [37,38].”

    From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Sharma, S., Fernandes, M. F., & Fulton, S.
Affiliations
Université de Montréal (CA)
Corresponding author
Fulton, S
Venue
International Journal of Obesity
Published
2012-12-11
Volume
37
Issue
9
Pages
1183-1191
ISSN
  • 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5497
OpenAlex
W1969236009
Cited by
231
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8
FWCI
4.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Keywords
food reward, anhedonia, anxiety, stress sensitivity, corticosterone, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, CREB, ΔFosB, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, obesity, overeating, relapse
MeSH terms
CRF Receptor, Type 1, Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Neuronal Plasticity, Obesity, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Reward, Stress, Psychological, Sucrose, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Blotting, Western, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Mice, Diet, High-Fat

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