The Wnt code: cnidarians signal the way

The Wnt Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease

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Secreted antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway

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Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis

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A Second Canon

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Wntless, a Conserved Membrane Protein Dedicated to the Secretion of Wnt Proteins from Signaling Cells

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WNT signalling molecules act in axis formation in the diploblastic metazoan Hydra

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Unexpected complexity of the Wnt gene family in a sea anemone

Kusserow, A., Pang, K., Sturm, C., Hrouda, M., Lentfer, J., Schmidt, H. A., Technau, U., von Haeseler, A., Hobmayer, B., Martindale, M. Q., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03158 · Cited by 599 · see citing works

Secretion of Wnt Ligands Requires Evi, a Conserved Transmembrane Protein

Bartscherer, K., Pelte, N., Ingelfinger, D., & Boutros, M. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.009 · Cited by 580 · see citing works

Maternal Wnt11 Activates the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Required for Axis Formation in Xenopus Embryos

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The genesis and evolution of homeobox gene clusters

García‐Fernàndez, J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1723 · Cited by 478 · see citing works

The ParaHox gene cluster is an evolutionary sister of the Hox gene cluster

Brooke, N. M., Garcia-Fernàndez, J., & Holland, P. W. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31933 · Cited by 468 · see citing works

Secreted Frizzled‐related proteins: searching for relationships and patterns

Jones, S. E., & Jomary, C. (2002) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.10136 · Cited by 427 · see citing works

Evolution of Key Cell Signaling and Adhesion Protein Families Predates Animal Origins

King, N., Hittinger, C. T., & Carroll, S. B. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083853 · Cited by 424 · see citing works

Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: <i>Hox</i> and <i>Dpp</i> Expression in a Sea Anemone

Finnerty, J. R., Pang, K., Burton, P., Paulson, D., & Martindale, M. Q. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091946 · Cited by 407 · see citing works

Investigating the origins of triploblasty: `mesodermal' gene expression in a diploblastic animal, the sea anemone <i>Nematostella vectensis</i> (phylum, Cnidaria; class, Anthozoa)

Martindale, M. Q., Pang, K., & Finnerty, J. R. (2004) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.01119 · Cited by 396 · see citing works

The Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 gene is a downstream target of β-catenin/TCF and is downregulated in human colon cancer

González‐Sancho, J. M., Aguilera, Ó., García, J. M., Pendás-Franco, N., Peña, C., Cal, S., de Herreros, A. G., Bonilla, F., & Múñoz, A. (2004) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208303 · Cited by 366 · see citing works

Epigenetic inactivation of the Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 (DKK-1) gene in human colorectal cancer

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Maintenance of ancestral complexity and non-metazoan genes in two basal cnidarians

Technau, U., Rudd, S., Maxwell, P., Gordon, P. M. K., Saina, M., Grasso, L. C., Hayward, D. C., Sensen, C. W., Saint, R., Holstein, T. W., et al. (2005) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2005.09.007 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/lRP6 signaling

Mao, B., & Niehrs, C. (2003) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(02)01106-x · Cited by 325 · see citing works

An ancient role for nuclear β-catenin in the evolution of axial polarity and germ layer segregation

Wikramanayake, A. H., Hong, M., Lee, P. N., Pang, K., Byrum, C. A., Bince, J. M., Xu, R., & Martindale, M. Q. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02113 · Cited by 324 · see citing works

The Cambrian “explosion”: Slow-fuse or megatonnage?

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Transgenic Hydra allow in vivo tracking of individual stem cells during morphogenesis

Wittlieb, J., Khalturin, K., Lohmann, J. U., Anton‐Erxleben, F., & Bosch, T. C. G. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510163103 · Cited by 298 · see citing works

The Culture, Sexual and Asexual Reproduction, and Growth of the Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

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Formation of the head organizer in hydra involves the canonical Wnt pathway.

Broun, M., Gee, L., Reinhardt, B., & Bode, H. R. (2005) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.01848 · Cited by 287 · see citing works

The production of new hydranths in Hydra by the insertion of small grafts

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Ancient origin of the Hox gene cluster

Ferrier, D. E. K., & Holland, P. W. H. (2001) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/35047605 · Cited by 260 · see citing works

CKI, there's more than one: casein kinase I family members in Wnt and Hedgehog signalingPreprint

Price, M. A. (2006) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1394306 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Cnidarians: An evolutionarily conserved model system for regeneration?

Holstein, T. W., Hobmayer, E., & Technau, U. (2003) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.10227 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Rising starlet: the starlet sea anemone,Nematostella vectensis

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Origin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm

Technau, U., & Scholz, C. B. (2003) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.14756329 · Cited by 208 · see citing works

HyBra1, a Brachyury homologue, acts during head formation in Hydra

Technau, U., & Bode, H. R. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.5.999 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Minimal ProtoHox cluster inferred from bilaterian and cnidarian Hox complements

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Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China

Chen, J.-Y., Oliveri, P., Li, C.-W., Zhou, G.-Q., Gao, F., Hagadorn, J. W., Peterson, K. J., & Davidson, E. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4457 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

A WNT of things to come: Evolution of Wnt signaling and polarity in cnidarians

LEE, P., PANG, K., Matus, D. Q., & Martindale, M. Q. (2006) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.05.002 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

An ancient Wnt-Dickkopf antagonism inHydra

Guder, C., Pinho, S., Nacak, T. G., Schmidt, H. A., Hobmayer, B., Niehrs, C., & Holstein, T. W. (2006) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.02265 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Asymmetric expression of the BMP antagonists chordin and gremlin in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: Implications for the evolution of axial patterning

Rentzsch, F., Anton, R., Saina, M., Hammerschmidt, M., Holstein, T. W., & Technau, U. (2006) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.003 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China

Chen, J.-Y., Oliveri, P., Gao, F., Dornbos, S. Q., Li, C.-W., Bottjer, D. J., & Davidson, E. H. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0714 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

Analysis of forkhead and snail expression reveals epithelial–mesenchymal transitions during embryonic and larval development of Nematostella vectensis

Fritzenwanker, J. H., Saina, M., & Technau, U. (2004) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.014 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

A three-tiered mechanism for regulation of planar cell polarity

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Genomic inventory and expression of Sox and Fox genes in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis

Magie, C. R., Pang, K., & Martindale, M. Q. (2005) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-005-0022-y · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Parameters of self-organization in Hydra aggregates

Technau, U., von Laue, C. C., Rentzsch, F., Luft, S., Hobmayer, B., Bode, H. R., & Holstein, T. W. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.22.12127 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Conservation of Brachyury, Mef2, and Snail in the Myogenic Lineage of Jellyfish: A Connection to the Mesoderm of Bilateria

Spring, J., Yanze, N., Jösch, C., Middel, A. M., Winninger, B., & Schmid, V. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0616 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

Kremen proteins interact with Dickkopf1 to regulate anteroposterior CNS patterning

Davidson, G. R., Mao, B., Barrantes, I. D. B., & Niehrs, C. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.00154 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

<i>vasa</i> and <i>nanos</i> expression patterns in a sea anemone and the evolution of bilaterian germ cell specification mechanisms

Extavour, C. G., Pang, K., Matus, D. Q., & Martindale, M. Q. (2005) · Evolution &amp; Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2005.05023.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works

The ancestral role of Brachyury: expression of NemBra1 in the basal cnidarian Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa)

Scholz, C. B., & Technau, U. (2003) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-002-0272-x · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Hox, ParaHox, ProtoHox: facts and guesses

García‐Fernàndez, J. (2004) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800621 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Selection for genes encoding secreted proteins and receptors.

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Dorso/Ventral Genes Are Asymmetrically Expressed and Involved in Germ-Layer Demarcation during Cnidarian Gastrulation

Matus, D. Q., Thomsen, G. H., & Martindale, M. Q. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.052 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Characterization of the head organizer in hydra

Broun, M., & Bode, H. R. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.4.875 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Cnidarians and ancestral genetic complexity in the animal kingdom

Miller, D. J., Ball, E. E., & Technau, U. (2005) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2005.08.002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Axial Patterning and Diversification in the Cnidaria Predate the Hox System

Kamm, K., Schierwater, B., Jakob, W., Dellaporta, S. L., & Miller, D. J. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.036 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Phylogenetic Analysis of the Wnt Gene Family

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Totipotent migratory stem cells in a hydroid

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The Mesoderm Specification Factor Twist in the Life Cycle of Jellyfish

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Wnts and wing: Wnt signaling in vertebrate limb development and musculoskeletal morphogenesis

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Planar Polarity Is Positively Regulated by Casein Kinase Iɛ in Drosophila

Strutt, H. L., Price, M. A., & Strutt, D. I. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.041 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Wnt signaling in hydroid development: Formation of the primary body axis in embryogenesis and its subsequent patterning

Plickert, G., Jacoby, V., Uri Frank, A., Müller, W. A., & Mokady, O. (2006) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.043 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Dickkopf related genes are components of the positional value gradient in Hydra

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Heads or Tails? Amphioxus and the Evolution of Anterior–Posterior Patterning in Deuterostomes

Holland, L. Z. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0503 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

An evolutionary conserved role of Wnt signaling in stem cell fate decision

Teo, R., Möhrlen, F., Plickert, G., Müller, W. A., & Uri Frank, A. (2005) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.10.009 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

A Dickkopf-3-related gene is expressed in differentiating nematocytes in the basal metazoan Hydra

Fedders, H., Augustin, R., & Bosch, T. C. G. (2004) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-003-0378-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Pattern Formation in Hydra vulgaris Is Controlled by Lithium-Sensitive Processes

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Identification and characterization of the epithelial polarity receptor ”Frizzled” in Hydra vulgaris

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snail expression during embryonic development of the coral Acropora: blurring the diploblast/triploblast divide?

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Characterization and Developmental Expression of the Amphioxus Homolog of Notch (AmphiNotch): Evolutionary Conservation of Multiple Expression Domains in Amphioxus and Vertebrates

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Identification of a Hydra homologue of the β-catenin/plakoglobin/armadillo gene family

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Xenopus XsalF: anterior neuroectodermal specification by attenuating cellular responsiveness to Wnt signaling.

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The evolution of multicellularity and early animal genomes

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nanos expression at the embryonic posterior pole and the medusa phase in the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea

Torras, R., Yanze, N., Schmid, V. J., & González‐Crespo, S. (2004) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2004.04044.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 has a proapoptotic function in Hydra gametogenesis

Rentzsch, F., Hobmayer, B., & Holstein, T. W. (2004) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.10.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Expression of developmental genes during early embryogenesis of Hydra

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Patterning a multi-headed mutant in Hydractinia: enhancement of head formation and its phenotypic normalization.

Müller, W. A., Teo, R., & Möhrlen, F. (2004) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.15005569 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

A WNTer wonderland in Snowbird

He, X., & Axelrod, J. D. (2006) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.02452 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Posterior expression of nanos orthologs during embryonic and larval development of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis

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Axis Formation— β-Catenin Catches a Wnt

Jessen, J. R., & Solnica‐Krezel, L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.03.005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The Ups and Downs of a Sea Anemone

Holland, P. W. H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099829 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Trembley’s polyps go transgenic

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Untersuchungen zur dualen Funktion von beta-Catenin im Wnt-Signalweg und der Cadherin-vermittelten Zelladhäsion bei Hydra

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Towards an integrated view of Wnt signaling in development

van Amerongen, R., & Nusse, R. (2009) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.033910 · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works

Frizzled and LRP5/6 Receptors for Wnt/ -Catenin SignalingPreprint

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Comparative Aspects of Animal Regeneration

Brockes, J. P., & Kumar, A. (2008) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175336 · Cited by 491 · see citing works

Apoptotic Cells Provide an Unexpected Source of Wnt3 Signaling to Drive Hydra Head Regeneration

Chera, S., Ghila, L., Dobretz, K., Wenger, Y., Bauer, C., Buzgariu, W. C., Martinou, J., & Galliot, B. (2009) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.07.014 · Cited by 418 · see citing works

Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 as Therapeutic Targets in Bone Diseases

Ke, H. Z., Richards, W. G., Li, X., & Ominsky, M. S. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1060 · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Evo-Devo: Variations on Ancestral Themes

Robertis, E. M. D. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.003 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

Multiple Wnts are involved in Hydra organizer formation and regeneration

Lengfeld, T., Watanabe, H., Simakov, O., Lindgens, D., Gee, L., Law, L. Y., Schmidt, H. A., Özbek, S., Bode, H. R., & Holstein, T. W. (2009) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.02.004 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

On growth and form: a Cartesian coordinate system of Wnt and BMP signaling specifies bilaterian body axes

Niehrs, C. (2010) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.039651 · Cited by 283 · see citing works

The Analysis of Eight Transcriptomes from All Poriferan Classes Reveals Surprising Genetic Complexity in Sponges

Riesgo, A., Farrar, N., Windsor, P. J., Giribet, G., & Leys, S. P. (2014) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msu057 · Cited by 266 · see citing works

Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Cnidaria

Technau, U., & Steele, R. E. (2011) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.048959 · Cited by 274 · see citing works

Alternative Wnt Pathways and ReceptorsPreprint

van Amerongen, R. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a007914 · Cited by 220 · see citing works

The Evolution of the Wnt PathwayPreprint

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Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system

Watanabe, H., Fujisawa, T., & Holstein, T. W. (2009) · Development, Growth &amp; Differentiation · doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01103.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Secreted Frizzled-related proteins enhance the diffusion of Wnt ligands and expand their signalling range

Mii, Y., & Taira, M. (2009) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.032524 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

Conservation, loss, and redeployment of Wnt ligands in protostomes: implications for understanding the evolution of segment formation

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Origins of neurogenesis, a cnidarian view

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A maternally localised Wnt ligand required for axial patterning in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica

Momose, T., Derelle, R., & Houliston, E. (2008) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.021543 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Wnt/β-Catenin and noncanonical Wnt signaling interact in tissue evagination in the simple eumetazoan Hydra

Philipp, I., Aufschnaiter, R., Özbek, S., Pontasch, S., Jenewein, M., Watanabe, H., Rentzsch, F., Holstein, T. W., & Hobmayer, B. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812847106 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

Elevated Temperature Affects Development, Survivorship, and Settlement of the Elkhorn Coral, Acropora palmata (Lamarck 1816)

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Medusozoan genomes inform the evolution of the jellyfish body plan

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Pre-bilaterian origin of the blastoporal axial organizer

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WLS Retrograde Transport to the Endoplasmic Reticulum during Wnt Secretion

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