Problem-solving therapy for adult depression: An updated meta-analysis

Cuijpers, Pim; de Wit, Leonore; Kleiboer, Annet; Karyotaki, Eirini; Ebert, David D.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.11.006

Cited by 134Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesProblem Solving Skills Development

Problem-solving therapy for adult depression: An updated meta-analysis

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Cuijpers, Pim, de Wit, Leonore, Kleiboer, Annet, Karyotaki, Eirini, Ebert, David D.·2018·European Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.11.006

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Abstract

Background: Problem-solving therapy (PST) is one of the best examined types of psychotherapy for adult depression. No recent meta-analysis has examined the effects of PST compared to control groups or to other treatments. We wanted to verify whether PST is effective, whether effects are comparable to those of other treatments, and whether we could identify the possible sources of high heterogeneity that was found in earlier meta-analyses. Methods: We conducted systematic searches in bibliographical databases, including PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and the Cochrane database of randomized trials. Results: We included 30 randomized controlled trials on PST (with 3530 patients), in which PST was compared to control conditions, with other therapies, and with pharmacotherapy. We could compare these 30 trials on PST also with 259 trials on other psychotherapies for adult depression. The effect size of PST versus control groups was g = 0.79 (0.57–1.01) with very high heterogeneity (I 2= 84; 95% CI: 77–88). The effect size from the 9 studies with low risk of bias was g = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22–0.46) with low heterogeneity (I 2= 32; 95% CI: 0–68), which is comparable to the effects of other psychotherapies. PST was a little more effective than other therapies in direct comparisons, but that may be explained by the considerable number of studies with researcher allegiance towards PST. In meta-regression analyses of all controlled studies, no significant difference between PST and other therapies was found. Conclusion: PST is probably an effective treatment for depression, with effect sizes that are small, but comparable to those found for other psychological treatments of depression.

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PST has demonstrated efficacy in treating depression and anxiety.
“PST also has demonstrated efficacy in treating depression [39] and anxiety [40].”
From Mental health needs among patients experiencing extended antepartum hospitalization: A qualitative study (2026) · cites this paper as [39]

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A Survivor's Journey: Preliminary efficacy of an online problem‐solving therapy for survivors of pediatric brain tumor
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Testing the Analytical Rumination Hypothesis: Exploring the Longitudinal Effects of Problem Solving Analysis on Depression
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A task-sharing intervention for prepartum common mental disorders: Feasibility, acceptability and responses in a South African sample
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Problem-solving therapy for major depressive disorders in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial
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Problem-Solving Education to Prevent Depression Among Low-Income Mothers
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Feasibility and Acceptability of Bright IDEAS-Young Adults: A Problem-Solving Skills Training Intervention
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Effect of Problem-solving Treatment on Self-reported Disability Among Veterans With Gulf War Illness
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The effects of modified problem-solving therapy on depression, coping, and self-efficacy in elderly nursing home residents
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Social and emotional well-being intervention to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression among Ukrainian refugees resettled in Massachusetts
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Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Therapy in Improving Patient Mental Health, Function, Quality of Life, and Mortality Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review
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Military Health Provider Training and Evaluation of a Problem-Solving Intervention to Reduce Distress and Enhance Readiness Among Service Members
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Blended Psychotherapy: Treatment Concept and Case Report for the Integration of Internet- and Mobile-Based Interventions into Brief Psychotherapy of Depressive Disorders
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New ways to cope with depression—study protocol for a randomized controlled mixed methods trial of bouldering psychotherapy (BPT) and mental model therapy (MMT)
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A self-guided and monitored digital problem-solving intervention for patients with symptoms of depression or anxiety on the waiting list for treatment in routine psychiatric care: feasibility study
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Efficacy of a Web-Based Stress Management Intervention for Beginning Teachers on Reducing Stress and Mechanisms of Change: Randomized Controlled Trial
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Feasibility and acceptability of ‘low-intensity mental health support via a telehealth-enabled network’ for adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the LISTEN pilot study
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A Public Health Framework for Preventing Mental Disorders in the Context of Pandemics
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Applied Resiliency and Suicide Prevention: A Strengths-Based, Risk-Reduction Framework
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Atypical Interpersonal Problem-Solving and Resting-state Functional Connectivity in Adolescents with Maltreatment Experience
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Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of a culturally adapted nonspecialist delivery Problem-Solving Therapy: Friendship Bench Intervention for perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone
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Effects of Problem Solving Therapy in Substance Use Disorder in Adolescents
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Effectiveness of a Web- and Mobile-Guided Psychological Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Turkey: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Common Factors of Psychotherapy in Inpatients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
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Moderators of Outcome in Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression in Primary Care
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Predictors of problem-solving skills among emergency medical services staff in Iran: A cross-sectional correlational study
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Recent Advances in Multimodal Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Late-Life Depression
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Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetlerinde İnternet Tabanlı Müdahaleler: Bir Gözden Geçirme
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Evaluation of the Friendship Bench’ Circle Kubatana Tose (CKT): an add-on support group intervention – a mixed-methods pilot interventional cohort study protocol
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Reducing depression among mothers in a residential treatment setting: building evidence for the PST4PPD intervention
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Practical and Emotional Problems Reported by Users of a Self-guided Digital Problem-solving Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis
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Helping a Patient With a Pre-Existing Mental Health Condition Cope With Depression and COVID-19 Using the Neuman Systems Model: A Single Intrinsic Case Study
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Functional limitations and suicidal ideation: Independent, interactive, and cumulative associations in a nationally representative sample
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Psychological Treatment for Depressive Disorder
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Negative Problem Orientation is Associated with Mental Health Outcomes for Veterans Enrolled in Problem-Solving Training
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Berücksichtigung von Komorbiditäten in der Wirksamkeitsforschung zu Depressionsbehandlungen – ein narratives Review
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Effortful control moderates relationships between worry and symptoms of depression and anxious arousal
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Mental health needs among patients experiencing extended antepartum hospitalization: A qualitative study
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“PST also has demonstrated efficacy in treating depression [39] and anxiety [40].”
Designing Electronic Problem-Solving Training for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: Mixed Methods, Community-Based, Participatory Research Case Study
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Implementation of a fully virtual enterprise-wide clinical evidence-based suicide prevention program in the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs: the suicide prevention 2.0 clinical telehealth initiative
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Working Memory, Rumination, and Autobiographical Memory Specificity Impairment
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Protocol of a Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial of Bright IDEAS-Young Adults: Problem-Solving Skills Training to Reduce Distress among Young Adults with Cancer
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Challenges and Lessons Learned Tailoring a Behavioral Intervention for Stroke Survivor–Care Partner Dyads
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Emotion-Centered Problem-Solving Therapy
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Finding My Way from clinical trial to open access dissemination: comparison of uptake, adherence, and psychosocial outcomes of an online program for cancer-related distress
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Digital cognitive behavioural psychoeducation as a free, mass intervention that can involve all school psychologists offi ces in Poland
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Blended Psychotherapy – verzahnte Psychotherapie: Behandlungskonzept und Fallbericht zur Integration von Internet- und Mobil-basierten Interventionen in die Kurzzeittherapie von depressiven Störungen
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Authors: Cuijpers, P., de Wit, L., Kleiboer, A., Karyotaki, E., & Ebert, D. D.
Affiliations: Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
Corresponding author: Cuijpers, Pim
ORCID: Cuijpers, Pim
Kleiboer, Annet
Karyotaki, Eirini
Ebert, David D.
Venue: European Psychiatry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2018
Volume: 48
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-37
ISSN: 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
1778-3585
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.11.006
OpenAlex: W2783308789
Cited by: 134
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 6
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 730 d)
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Problem Solving Skills Development
Keywords: problem-solving therapy, adult depression, psychotherapy effectiveness, treatment effect heterogeneity, researcher bias, meta-regression
MeSH terms: Adult, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Problem Solving, Psychotherapy, Treatment Outcome

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Problem-solving therapy for adult depression: An updated meta-analysis

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