Concise review: MSC-derived exosomes for cell-free therapy
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is undergoing extensive evaluation as a cellular therapy in human clinical trials. Because MSCs are easily isolated and amenable to culture expansion in vitro there is a natural desire to test MSCs in many diverse clinical indications. This is exemplified by the rapidly expanding literature base that includes many in vivo animal models. More recently, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles (MV), are being examined for their role in MSC-based cellular therapy. These vesicles are involved in cell-to-cell communication, cell signaling, and altering cell or tissue metabolism at short or long distances in the body. The exosomes and MVs can influence tissue responses to injury, infection, and disease. MSC-derived exosomes have a content that includes cytokines and growth factors, signaling lipids, mRNAs, and regulatory miRNAs. To the extent that MSC exosomes can be used for cell-free regenerative medicine, much will depend on the quality, reproducibility, and potency of their production, in the same manner that these parameters dictate the development of cell-based MSC therapies. However, the MSC exosome's contents are not static, but rather a product of the MSC tissue origin, its activities and the immediate intercellular neighbors of the MSCs. As such, the exosome content produced by MSCs appears to be altered when MSCs are cultured with tumor cells or in the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Therefore, careful attention to detail in producing MSC exosomes may provide a new therapeutic paradigm for cell-free MSC-based therapies with decreased risk. Stem Cells 2017;35:851-858.
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The anti-inflammatory potential of MSC-Exos relies on the effects of MSC-sourced bioactive molecules which efficiently modulated immune responses and promoted tissue repair and regeneration.
“The anti-inflammatory potential of MSC-Exos was shown to rely on the effects of MSC-sourced bioactive molecules (lipids, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunoregulatory proteins, trophic and growth factors, and microRNAs) which efficiently modulated immune responses and promoted tissue repair and regeneration [78].”
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- Authors
- Phinney, D. G., & Pittenger, M. F.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- b Longevity Therapeutics, Inc, La Jolla, California, USA
- Corresponding author
- Phinney, Donald G.
- Venue
- Stem Cells
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-03-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 851-858
- ISSN
- 1066-5099 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-4918
- OpenAlex
- W2605484523
- Cited by
- 1,834
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 189 · 2025: 198 · 2024: 224 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 251 · 2021: 263 · 2020: 244 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 33 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Stem Cells (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, microvesicles, cell-free therapy, tumor microenvironment, cell-to-cell communication, microRNA, cytokines and growth factors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Wound Healing, Paracrine Communication, Stem Cell Niche, Exosomes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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