Cited by 97Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology

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Zou, Peibin, Wu, Chongyun, Liu, Timon Cheng-Yi, Duan, Rui, Yang, Luodan·2023·Translational Neurodegeneration

Abstract

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the brain’s microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.

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  • Despite elevated myelin formation in AD mice, overall myelin levels are reduced, suggesting increased myelin regeneration is insufficient to counterbalance accelerated myelin degeneration.

    “Despite the elevated rate of myelin formation in AD mice, the overall myelin levels were reduced, suggesting the increased rate of myelin regeneration is insufficient to fully counterbalance the accelerated myelin degeneration”

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Authors
Zou, P., Wu, C., Liu, T. C.-Y., Duan, R., & Yang, L.
Affiliations
  • Louisiana State University (US)
  • South China Normal University (CN)
Corresponding author
Yang, Luodan
Venue
Translational Neurodegeneration
Published
2023-11-14
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
52-52
ISSN
2047-9158 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4388667039
Cited by
97
References
274
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 14
FWCI
3.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Translational Neurodegeneration (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971096, 32100918)
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M690060, 2022T150227)
  • Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research (GIAR) program (G03152021115804390)
  • Guangzhou Scientific Research Grant (SL2022B04J00013, SL2024A04J00578)
  • SCNU Young Faculty Development Program (22KJ04)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
oligodendrocyte precursor cells, Alzheimer's disease, myelination, phagocytosis, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid-beta, tau protein, OPC differentiation, myelin degeneration, neurodegeneration, cellular senescence
MeSH terms
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, Alzheimer Disease, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Oligodendroglia, Quality of Life

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