Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 315

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Traditional marijuana, high‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids: increasing risk for psychosis

Open access
Murray, Robin M., Quigley, Harriet, Quattrone, Diego, Englund, Amir, Di Forti, Marta·2016·World Psychiatry
DOI 10.1002/wps.20341
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic outcomes, and confirms a dose‐response relationship between the level of use and the risk of later psychosis. High‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids carry the greatest risk. Experimental administration of tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient of cannabis, induces transient psychosis in normal subjects, but this effect can be ameliorated by co‐administration of cannabidiol. This latter is a constituent of traditional hashish, but is largely absent from modern high‐potency forms of cannabis. Argument continues over the extent to which genetic predisposition is correlated to, or interacts with, cannabis use, and what proportion of psychosis could be prevented by minimizing heavy use. As yet, there is not convincing evidence that cannabis use increases risk of other psychiatric disorders, but there are no such doubts concerning its detrimental effect on cognitive function. All of the negative aspects are magnified if use starts in early adolescence. Irrespective of whether use of cannabis is decriminalized or legalized, the evidence that it is a component cause of psychosis is now sufficient for public health messages outlining the risk, especially of regular use of high‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/wps.20341

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 23 references

Research works printed but not linked: 140

  1. Room R., 2010, Cannabis policy: moving beyond stalemate
  2. 10.1111/add.12355 · DOI
  3. 10.1002/med.20135 · DOI
  4. 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143739 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90124-S · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.007 · DOI
  8. 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.04.008 · DOI
  9. 10.1038/npp.2012.8 · DOI
  10. 10.1097/00008877-200509000-00023 · DOI
  11. 10.1038/nrn2253 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.1038/npp.2010.222 · DOI
  13. 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.121178 · DOI
  14. 10.1016/0091-3057(78)90205-8 · DOI
  15. 10.1038/2261171b0 · DOI
  16. 10.1017/S0033291709005522 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.06.003 · DOI
  18. 10.1038/sj.npp.1301210 · DOI
  19. Schoeler T, 2013, The effect of cannabis use on memory function: an update, Subst Abuse Rehabil, 4, 11
  20. 10.1111/add.12703 · DOI · Paper page
  21. 10.1038/sj.npp.1301643 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1093/schbul/sbu098 · DOI
  23. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704327 · DOI · Paper page
  24. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.023 · DOI
  25. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707133 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1111/bph.12944 · DOI · Paper page
  27. 10.1016/0014-2999(74)90129-0 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1007/BF00432554 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.014 · DOI
  30. 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00201-X · DOI
  31. 10.1177/0269881112460109 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.1002/dta.1531 · DOI
  33. Hardwick S, 2008, Home Office cannabis potency study 2008
  34. 10.1080/13556210500123217 · DOI
  35. 10.1371/journal.pone.0070052 · DOI
  36. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004 · DOI · Paper page
  37. 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1007/s00213-013-3188-4 · DOI · Paper page
  39. 10.3109/15563650.2015.1110590 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1177/0269881115574493 · DOI
  41. 10.1002/wps.20174 · DOI · Paper page
  42. 10.1192/bjp.42.179.790 · doi:10.1192/bjp.42.179.790
  43. 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92620-1 · DOI · Paper page
  44. 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91853-1 · DOI
  45. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.005 · DOI
  46. 10.1017/S0033291711002078 · DOI
  47. 10.1093/aje/kwf043 · DOI · Paper page
  48. 10.1002/ajmg.10647 · DOI
  49. 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1212 · DOI · Paper page
  50. 10.1136/bmj.38267.664086.63 · DOI · Paper page
  51. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03760.x · DOI · Paper page
  52. 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.032 · DOI
  53. 10.1093/schbul/sbw003 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00117-5 · DOI · Paper page
  55. 10.1093/schbul/sbt181 · DOI · Paper page
  56. 10.1016/j.schres.2011.04.017 · DOI
  57. 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.056 · DOI
  58. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005 · DOI · Paper page
  59. 10.1002/hup.2312 · DOI
  60. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.001 · DOI
  61. 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.5 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Loberg EM, 2014, The cannabis pathway to non‐affective psychosis may reflect less neurobiological vulnerability, Front Psychiatry, 5, 159
  63. 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.051 · DOI
  64. 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.046 · DOI
  65. 10.2174/138161212802884753 · DOI
  66. 10.1007/s11920-015-0657-y · DOI
  67. 10.1038/525S14a · DOI
  68. 10.1038/npp.2015.251 · DOI
  69. 10.1007/s00127-015-1070-x · DOI
  70. 10.1017/S0033291715002494 · DOI
  71. 10.1017/S0033291706008440 · DOI · Paper page
  72. 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30005-0 · DOI
  73. 10.1016/0920-9964(94)00053-B · DOI
  74. 10.1038/mp.2014.51 · DOI · Paper page
  75. 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00108-X · DOI
  76. 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00177-7 · DOI
  77. 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.004 · DOI
  78. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.026 · DOI · Paper page
  79. 10.1177/0269881115609073 · DOI
  80. 10.1038/npp.2011.141 · DOI
  81. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.020 · DOI · Paper page
  82. 10.1038/tp.2015.219 · DOI
  83. 10.1093/schbul/sbv032 · DOI
  84. 10.1111/eip.12112 · DOI
  85. 10.1007/s00213-015-3915-0 · DOI
  86. 10.1073/pnas.1411228111 · DOI
  87. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.011 · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.011
  88. 10.1038/npp.2012.91 · DOI
  89. 10.1080/15504263.2011.570118 · DOI
  90. 10.1151/ASCP07414 · DOI · Paper page
  91. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.004 · DOI · Paper page
  92. 10.1017/CBO9780511544248.006 · DOI
  93. 10.1017/S0033291715001178 · DOI · Paper page
  94. 10.1007/s00127-015-1104-4 · DOI
  95. 10.1007/s001270170052 · DOI
  96. 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.037 · DOI
  97. 10.1186/1471-244X-14-136 · DOI · Paper page
  98. 10.1007/s00127-002-0541-z · DOI
  99. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.006 · DOI
  100. 10.1002/hup.1048 · DOI · Paper page
  101. 10.1186/1471-244X-12-112 · DOI
  102. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61162-3 · DOI · Paper page
  103. 10.1017/S0033291713001438 · DOI · Paper page
  104. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3229 · DOI · Paper page
  105. 10.1037/a0023076 · DOI
  106. 10.1037/adb0000110 · DOI
  107. 10.1037/0022-006X.68.1.19 · DOI · Paper page
  108. 10.1001/archpsyc.55.10.913 · DOI · Paper page
  109. 10.1093/aje/155.11.988 · DOI · Paper page
  110. Notzon DP, ADHD is highly prevalent in patients seeking treatment for cannabis use disorders, J Atten Disord
  111. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.012 · DOI
  112. 10.1007/s10802-011-9575-6 · DOI
  113. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2946-14.2015 · DOI
  114. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1131 · DOI · Paper page
  115. 10.1038/tp.2015.201 · DOI
  116. Demirakca T, 2011, Diminished gray matter in the hippocampus of cannabis users: possible protective effects of cannabidiol, Drug Alcohol Depend, 114, 242
  117. 10.1017/S0033291715002342 · DOI
  118. 10.1017/S0033291715001646 · DOI
  119. 10.1177/0269881115622241 · DOI
  120. 10.1073/pnas.1516648113 · DOI · Paper page
  121. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7841 · DOI
  122. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7850 · DOI
  123. 10.1037/a0029117 · DOI · Paper page
  124. 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00334-4 · DOI · Paper page
  125. Cerdá M, Persistent cannabis dependence and alcohol dependence represent risks for midlife economic and social problems: a longitudinal cohort study, Clin Psychol Sci
  126. 10.1111/add.12827 · DOI
  127. McGuireP.A double‐blind randomised placebo‐controlled parallel group trial of cannabidiol as adjunctive therapy in the first line treatment of schizophrenia or related psychotic disorder. Presented at the 5th Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference Florence April 2016.
  128. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000253187.66183.9c · DOI · Paper page
  129. 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.07.009 · DOI · Paper page
  130. 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312591 · DOI
  131. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000363 · DOI · Paper page
  132. Brust JC, 1992, Marijuana use and the risk of new onset seizures, Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 103, 176
  133. Gloss D, 2012, Cannabinoids for epilepsy, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6
  134. 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.037 · DOI · Paper page
  135. 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.043 · DOI · Paper page
  136. 10.1056/NEJMra1407304 · DOI
  137. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.001 · DOI · Paper page
  138. 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00386-7 · DOI
  139. 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00217-5 · DOI · Paper page
  140. 10.1371/journal.pone.0143562 · DOI

Cited by

See all 315

Metadata

Authors
Murray, R. M., Quigley, H., Quattrone, D., Englund, A., & Di Forti, M.
Venue
World Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-09-22
Volume
15
Issue
3
Pages
195-204
ISSN
  • 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
  • 2051-5545
DOI
10.1002/wps.20341
OpenAlex
W2522228901
Cited by
315
References
23
FWCI
30.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Traditional marijuana, high‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids: increasing risk for psychosis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/wps.20341
The paper
Murray, R. M., Quigley, H., Quattrone, D., Englund, A., & Di Forti, M. (2016). Traditional marijuana, high‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids: increasing risk for psychosis. World Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20341

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.