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Cited by 44Schizophrenia research and treatmentAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Effect of spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats

Thaakur, S. R., Jyothi, B.·2007·Journal of Neural Transmission
DOI 10.1007/s00702-007-0744-2
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Abstract

Haloperidol is a widely used neuroleptic drug for the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. The use of haloperidol is limited by extrapyramidal movement disorders such as Parkinsonism, akathesia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD). Treatment with haloperidol increases oxyradicals which are implicated in TD. Spirulina is widely used as nutritional supplement rich in proteins and antioxidants. The present study is proposed to study the effect of spirulina on haloperidol induced TD and oxidative stress by studying TD, various enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. Haloperidol 1 mg/kg/i.p was used to induce vacuous chewing movements in rats. Spirulina maxima suspended in 1% between 80 at a dose of 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg were administered by gavage along with haloperidol from 21st day to 49th day of treatment. Spirulina supplementation at a dose of 180 mg/kg significantly improved enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and decreased the tardive dyskinesia induced by haloperidol. In conclusion, the results of present investigation suggest that spirulina decreases haloperidol induced oxidative stress and TD by many mechanisms as it is cocktail of antioxidants. On chronic use it may inhibit haloperidol induced reduced expression of DNA thereby increases the expression of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and protects against oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration and TD.

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  • In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that antioxidant components of Spirulina, such as phycocyanin, activate the antioxidant enzyme systems of CAT, SOD and GPx.

    “activating the antioxidant enzyme systems of CAT, SOD and GPx [120].”

    From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [120]

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Authors
Thaakur, S. R., & Jyothi, B.
Affiliations
Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (IN)
Venue
Journal of Neural Transmission
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-05-26
Volume
114
Issue
9
Pages
1217-1225
ISSN
  • 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-1463
DOI
10.1007/s00702-007-0744-2
OpenAlex
W2059182484
Cited by
44
References
108
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
Spirulina maxima, haloperidol, tardive dyskinesia, oxidative stress, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, vacuous chewing movements, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms
Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced, Haloperidol, Male, Lipid Peroxidation, Rats, Wistar, Oxidative Stress, Rats, Spirulina

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