Comorbidity of tic disorders & ADHD: Conceptual and methodological considerations
Abstract
Background The causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the common comorbidity of tic disorders and Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (TD + ADHD; about 50% of TD, about 20% of ADHD) still remain unclear. Studies with a 2 x 2 design comparing groups of children with TD, ADHD, TD + ADHD and healthy controls are in need and may disentangle the influences of TD versus ADHD in the case of comorbidity. Unfortunately, conceptual and methodological problems can restrain possible conclusions from these studies.Method A review of the literature on artifactual and non-artifactual models of comorbidity in general and specially for TD + ADHD was conducted.Results The first section describes various possible models of comorbidity and their corresponding hypotheses concerning expected patterns of findings comparing groups of children with TD, ADHD, TD + ADHD and healthy controls. In the second part research results concerning psychopathological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, structural and functional imaging, as well as genetic characteristics are summarized. In the third section possible conclusions and their limitations due to conceptual and methodological problems possibly contributing to the ambiguous results are discussed. Finally, future research strategies and the need for full causal models are outlined.Conclusion Some components of the etiological pathways of TD + ADHD may well be shared with the 'pure' conditions while others may be unique.
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ADHD and TD can be considered within the framework of an additive model.
“ADHD and TD can be considered within the framework of an additive model [14, 121].”
From European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD (2011) · cites this paper as [14]
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Rothenberger, A., & Banaschewski, T. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543807.022 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Treatment of Comorbid Attention-Deficit Disorder and Tourette’s Syndrome
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Rothenberger, A., Roessner, V., & Banaschewski, T. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x06009484 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
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the ESSTS Guidelines Group, Roessner, V., Plessen, K. J., Rothenberger, A., Ludolph, A. G., Rizzo, R., Skov, L., Strand, G., Stern, J. S., Termine, C., et al. (2011) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
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Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD
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European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD
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Germanò, E., Gagliano, A., & Curatolo, P. (2010) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2010.494748 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Bolea-Alamañac, B., Nutt, D. J., Adamou, M., Asherson, P., Bazire, S., Coghill, D., Heal, D., Müller, U., Nash, J., Santosh, P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881113519509 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Developmental comorbidity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Taurines, R., Schmitt, J., Renner, T., Conner, A. C., Warnke, A., & Romanos, M. (2010) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0040-0 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Uebel, H., Albrecht, B., Asherson, P., Börger, N. A., Butler, L., Chen, W., Christiansen, H., Heise, A., Kuntsi, J., Schäfer, U., et al. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02139.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental psychopathology of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – impact of ADHD
Roessner, V., Becker, A., Banaschewski, T., Freeman, R. D., Rothenberger, A., & Tourette Syndrome International Database Consortium (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-1004-6 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
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Rizzo, R., Gulisano, M., Calì, P. V., & Curatolo, P. (2013) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.01.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Rothenberger, A., Roessner, V., Banaschewski, T., & Leckman, J. F. (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-1001-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationGreimel, E., Wanderer, S., Rothenberger, A., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Konrad, K., & Roessner, V. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9493-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Banaschewski, T., Neale, B. M., Rothenberger, A., & Roessner, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Banaschewski, Tobias
- Venue
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Published
- 2007-05-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 5-14
- ISSN
- 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-165X
- OpenAlex
- W1550610883
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- tic disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, etiology, pathophysiology, neuropsychological findings, neurophysiological findings, genetic factors, children
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Models, Psychological, Tic Disorders, Comorbidity, Bias, Case-Control Studies
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