The DOI matches its Crossref record; 192 of the 195 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 115 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships
Open accessAbstract
Investigators have long recognized that adolescents’ peer experiences provide a crucial context for the acquisition of developmental competencies, as well as potential risks for a range of adjustment difficulties. However, recent years have seen an exponential increase in adolescents’ adoption of social media tools, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of adolescent peer interactions. Although research has begun to examine social media use among adolescents, researchers have lacked a unifying framework for understanding the impact of social media on adolescents’ peer experiences. This paper represents Part 1 of a two-part theoretical review, in which we offer a transformation framework to integrate interdisciplinary social media scholarship and guide future work on social media use and peer relations from a theory-driven perspective. We draw on prior conceptualizations of social media as a distinct interpersonal context and apply this understanding to adolescents’ peer experiences, outlining features of social media with particular relevance to adolescent peer relations. We argue that social media transforms adolescent peer relationships in five key ways: by changing the frequency or immediacy of experiences, amplifying experiences and demands, altering the qualitative nature of interactions, facilitating new opportunities for compensatory behaviors, and creating entirely novel behaviors. We offer an illustration of the transformation framework applied to adolescents’ dyadic friendship processes (i.e., experiences typically occurring between two individuals), reviewing existing evidence and offering theoretical implications. Overall, the transformation framework represents a departure from the prevailing approaches of prior peer relations work and a new model for understanding peer relations in the social media context.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 115 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“publicness can also occur in such forums as group text messaging threads, where one can simultaneously communicate with groups of 10–20 friends or more”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Publicness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As compared to children, adolescents spend significantly more time with peers, experience more frequent peer-based stressors, and exhibit heightened emotional reactivity to peer stress (Brown and Larson 2009; Rudolph 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As compared to children, adolescents spend significantly more time with peers, experience more frequent peer-based stressors, and exhibit heightened emotional reactivity to peer stress (Brown and Larson 2009; Rudolph 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, it incorporates aspects of a dyadic social system, in which individuals interact directly with others known in their immediate social network.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIn the paper
“Social media also may activate the biological systems that are responsible for adolescents’ heightened sensitivity to social feedback and rewards (Sherman et al. 2016)”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sherman et al. 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“As adolescents are striving for more frequent connections with peers, social media provides near constant opportunities for interaction, particularly via mobile technologies (Spies Shapiro and Margolin 2013).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Spies Shapiro and Margolin 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“We draw on McFarland and Ployhart’s (2015) contextual framework to argue that the features of social media, which differentiate it from traditional interpersonal environments, come together to create a distinct social context.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McFarland and Ployhart 2015 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“by changing the frequency or immediacy of experiences”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“creating entirely novel behaviors”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“social media has now become a critical part of the social fabric that makes up adolescents’ lives (Lenhart 2015a; Rideout 2015).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lenhart 2015a
- Not checked yetcites Rideout 2015
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 44
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“text-based communication offers fewer interpersonal cues (i.e., no facial expression, tone of voice, or gestures), while sending a photograph of one’s self to a friend may offer some cues (facial expression), but not others (voice).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The act of picking up one’s phone and sending a text message, for example, requires far less effort than driving to a friend’s house to talk, as does messaging a stranger online versus going to a party to meet someone new.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Certain social media applications, such as Instagram and Snapchat, have such “filter” mechanisms built in to allow for easy or automatic application to one’s photographs.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quantifiable indicators are commonplace within social media tools—for example, many social networking sites display numbers of “likes,” “retweets,” “views,” or “shares.” Numbers of friends and followers are displayed across many sites as well.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“such content can easily be captured and copied by peers through screenshots or photographs”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Snapchat tracks the number of messages sent between each user and designates the individual with whom a user shares the most messages as his/her “number one best friend.””
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for sites like Instagram and Pinterest, very few functionalities are provided apart from photograph and video displays”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The app displays various “emojis” next to individuals’ usernames to indicate, for example, whether two individuals have the same “number one best friend,” or whether one sends more messages than are reciprocated.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when users have sent messages to each other for consecutive days, a “streak” score appears next to the user’s name to indicate the consecutive number of days.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each user receives a Snapchat “score” reflecting the number of posts they have sent and received.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, quantifiability allows for the ability to count numbers of text messages shared and times at which those text messages were sent.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quantifiability of social media can even be seen in displays of times at which certain content was posted, thus allowing users to determine the length of time that passed for an individual to accrue a given number of likes or comments.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, social media must be placed within an historical context.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Certainly, social media may be considered an environmental context, one that is external to the individual; however, the specific system within which it is situated may be less clear.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Social media likely also rests, however, within larger meso-, macro-, and exosystems.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we discuss the role of social media in transforming adolescents’ dyadic peer interactions—or those experiences traditionally occurring between two individuals—including communication processes, relationship quality, friendship support, and problematic interpersonal behaviors.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we identify features of social media with particular relevance to adolescent peer relationships and suggest that these features exist on a continuum within any given social media tool.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction to the Transformation Framework
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Social media use has become nearly ubiquitous among adolescents (Lenhart 2015a).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lenhart 2015a
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
““cues-filtered-out” theories (Culnan and Markus 1987) suggest that computer-mediated communication channels provide fewer interpersonal, nonverbal “cues” and synchronicity, thus impacting social interactions that typically rely on those communicative features.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Culnan and Markus 1987
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On certain sites, like Snapchat, adolescents may exchange so many photographs each day that scholars have suggested a newly found legitimacy for “photographic communication,” or the use of self-photographs to convey expression, tone, or emotions within conversation (Waddell 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Waddell 2016 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, social media allows adolescents to engage in selective self-presentation, posting certain photographs and text that reflect their burgeoning identities, gaining feedback from their peers on such presentations, and engaging in social comparison with the self-presentations of their peers (Subrahmanyam and Šmahel 2011; Valkenburg and Peter 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Over many decades, substantial research has documented the profound impacts of peer interactions, friendships, and status for adolescent development and well-being (Choukas-Bradley and Prinstein 2014; Rubin et al. 2015; Steinberg and Morris 2001).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Choukas-Bradley and Prinstein 2014
- Not checked yetcites Rubin et al. 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Steinberg and Morris 2001
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“adolescents are acutely attuned to their own and their peers’ physical appearance and tend to engage in high levels of appearance-based social comparison (de Vries et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Vries et al. 2016 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it becomes increasingly difficult to characterize social media’s overall influence as either “harmful” or “helpful.””
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“This may be especially appealing as youth reach adolescence, when peer interactions become increasingly desired, frequent, and central to one’s sense of self (Hartup 1996).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hartup 1996
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“communication and social support processes may be perceived as less “rich,” and victimization experienced as more harsh, within the online environments due to cue absence and asynchronicity.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the domain of peer victimization may be transformed through opportunities to digitally alter and spread privately shared content, and peer status may be transformed through novel opportunities to accumulate “likes” and “followers.””
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Combined with publicness, the availability of a given social media tool allows for “scalability,” or the potential for content to become highly visible, for example, through forwarding of messages or videos that quickly “go viral” (boyd 2010).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites boyd 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The degree to which a given social media tool exhibits each feature varies considerably across tools, including different platforms (e.g., Facebook, Snapchat) and their various potential functionalities (e.g., posting a public photograph, sending a private message).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A second social media feature that has not been highlighted in prior theoretical frameworks is visualness.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adolescents’ social lives are increasingly embedded in this context, and the transformation framework aims to integrate prior work and guide future investigations to better understand this phenomenon.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > A Transformation Framework of Adolescent Peer Relations and Social Media
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we consider permanence to be a broad, encompassing feature of social media that is a necessary condition for these important processes described in prior discussions of social media”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is likely to be considerable overlap within these broad categories of transformation.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“current social media tools often encourage connections with known others, with the degree of connection with offline friends varying between sites (Boyd and Ellison 2008; Ellison and Boyd 2013)”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Boyd and Ellison 2008
- Not checked yetcites Ellison and Boyd 2013
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Preliminary studies suggest that adolescents are highly aware of and influenced by these quantifiable metrics (Chua and Chang 2016; Sherman et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chua and Chang 2016
- Not checked yetcites Sherman et al. 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to asynchronicity, adolescents may participate in multiple conversations with peers simultaneously and engage in careful, selective self-presentation within messages and photographs.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Asynchronicity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We suggest that, overall, social media tends to show higher levels of each of these features compared to traditional face-to-face contexts.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We thus propose that each feature can be considered on a continuum for a given social media tool, with each specific social media tool potentially having high levels of some of these features and low levels of others (see Fig. 2).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The lack of physical presence required of communication via social media often precludes interpersonal cues such as vocal tone, physical touch, gestures, and facial expression, and reduces the number of ways that information can be expressed, or “symbol sets” (Dennis et al. 2008).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dennis et al. 2008 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In experimental work, adolescents have shown increased activity in reward-related brain regions, and subsequently greater risk-taking, when in the presence of peers (Chein et al. 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chein et al. 2011 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may have particular relevance for adolescents, who may be more likely to post or share content impulsively or without consideration of the long-term consequences of permanently available content.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The asynchronicity and cue absence of the social media environment may transform friendship processes by altering the qualitative nature of specific communication processes (e.g., interpretation of information, conflict resolution, problem solving), as well as the quality of relationships and social support more generally.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the Qualitative Nature of Friendship Processes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the permanent accessibility of content allows for the abilities to search for (“searchability”; boyd 2010), retrieve (“retrievability”; Peter and Valkenburg 2013), and replicate (“replicability”; boyd 2010) that content.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites boyd 2010
- Not checked yetcites Peter and Valkenburg 2013
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The concept of “disembodied users,” or adolescents’ sense that certain communication cues are missing, has also been proposed (Subrahmanyam and Šmahel 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Subrahmanyam and Šmahel 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such studies, for example, may show discriminant associations between each of these experiences and putative predictors and outcomes, or between corresponding online and offline behaviors.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We thus consider the speed with which adolescents can access and share content to be a consequence of availability, rather than a feature in itself.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As young people enter adolescence, changes across cognitive, biological, and social domains allow for increased intimacy, reciprocity, and support within friendships, with important implications for adjustment through the lifespan (Berndt 1982).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berndt 1982
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The offline peer relations literature provides the appropriate baseline constructs against which social media transformations can be identified.
In the paper
“media synchronicity theory (Dennis et al. 2008) has suggested that the capabilities of a given media platform (e.g., transmission velocity, rehearsability) should be matched to the needs of a social situation in order to optimize communication performance.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dennis et al. 2008 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as nearly limitless possibilities exist for the ways in which adolescents can use social media tools”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Keipi and Oksanen (2014) suggest a continuum of anonymity, ranging from full anonymity to face-to-face interaction, with pseudonymity (e.g., interaction through avatars) and visual anonymity (interactions without physical characteristics or cues) falling in between.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Keipi and Oksanen (2014) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Friendships provide an important developmental context for adolescents’ social and emotional growth (Newcomb and Bagwell 1995).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Newcomb and Bagwell 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The offline peer relations literature provides the appropriate baseline constructs against which social media transformations can be identified.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“permanence results in opportunities to reexamine previously shared content (“reprocessability”; Dennis et al. 2008), as well as to check or verify information (“verifiability”; McFarland and Ployhart 2015).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the displacement hypothesis (Kraut et al. 1998) was first proposed in the early days of the Internet. This hypothesis suggested that the quality of individuals’ offline relationships would suffer as a result of Internet use because high-quality offline relationships would be replaced with time spent in low-quality online interactions.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kraut et al. 1998 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the features of social media may create opportunities for traditionally “dyadic” behaviors to occur within larger group settings.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted that many of the ways in which social media may transform peer experiences are likely to vary based on adolescents’ age.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of quantifiable status indicators (e.g., “likes”) on the experience of friendship, for example, may differ greatly from early to late adolescence or early adulthood.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is likely that a clear pattern of developmental differences in social media’s effect on friendships will emerge once more research has accumulated.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
In the paper
“Scholars have begun to suggest that the “quantifiable” nature of social media interactions may have a significant impact on adolescents’ peer experiences online (Sherman et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sherman et al. 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Valkenburg and Peter (2011), for example, differentiating between “source anonymity,” in which the communicator is entirely unknown, and “audiovisual anonymity,” in which visual or auditory cues may be lacking or reduced.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Valkenburg and Peter (2011) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“a stimulation hypothesis has been proposed, with evidence accumulating to suggest that adolescents’ friendship quality will be enhanced as the availability of social media allows for more time spent communicating with existing friends (Valkenburg and Peter 2007b, 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Valkenburg and Peter 2007b, 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Adolescents primarily use social media to communicate with existing friends.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The asynchronicity, or time lapse between aspects of a conversation, has long been considered an important aspect of cues-filtered-out approaches to media-based communication (Culnan and Markus 1987) and has been frequently highlighted within the psychology and media effects literature (McFarland and Ployhart 2015; Valkenburg and Peter 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Asynchronicity
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The literature suggests that these processes may be transformed in a number of ways including: changing the qualitative nature of friendship experiences to be less rich or, alternatively, more comfortable; increasing the frequency and immediacy of support provision; creating new opportunities for compensatory friendship behaviors and online exclusive friendships, as well as for novel “relationship”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The features of social media (cue absence, asynchronicity, publicness, permanence, availability) are the primary features that transform peer relations.
In the paper
“scholars have described the potential for “cue management” online, or adolescents’ ability to choose which cues (visual, textual, auditory, video) are presented (Peter and Valkenburg 2013).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Peter and Valkenburg 2013
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in many cases, the amplification of experiences may be caused by increasing frequency of behaviors or opportunities for new behaviors; similarly, opportunities for new behaviors may result in changes in the qualitative nature of experiences.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These transformed peer experiences, then, may be alternatively beneficial, detrimental, both, or neither to adolescents.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Xu et al. (2016) found that media multitasking negatively impacted social success (i.e., number of close friends and feelings of connectedness) during synchronous communication (face-to-face conversations, phone conversations, and video chat), but not during asynchronous communication (e-mail and text messaging).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Amplified Expectations and Demands Within Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Xu et al. 2016
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Finally, the visualness of social media may allow these behaviors to occur in novel, nonverbal ways—for example, posting frequent photographs with the expectation of friends’ comments as a means of reassurance-seeking—and this visualness may heighten the focus on appearance-based reassurance-seeking and validation (Perloff 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Perloff 2014 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, these processes may be amplified among younger adolescents, for whom the social self-concept is less well developed (Byrne and Shavelson 1996), thus potentially creating more uncertainty within peer relationships.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Amplified Expectations and Demands Within Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Byrne and Shavelson 1996
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These experiences, which are likely exacerbated due to the availability, publicness, and permanence of social media, may occur within adolescents’ friendships as well.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Amplified Expectations and Demands Within Friendships
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although this study examined communication within romantic relationships specifically, one might expect similar processes to occur within adolescents’ non-romantic friendships, as well.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although research directly examining this phenomenon is limited, one focus group study with college students suggests that “relationship displays” are a critical aspect of social media use, with such displays serving a variety of functions, including enhancement of self-image (i.e., by showcasing connections with others), as well as providing public “proof” of associations with friends (Manago et”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Manago et al. 2008 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these features also may impact adolescents’ sense of comfort in online communication.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“social media’s publicness allows adolescents to access a wide network of peers, with social media’s availability ensuring that peers may be available at almost any time of day, from any location.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Increased Frequency and Immediacy of Communication
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One new experience created by social media is the quantifiable, public categorization of relationships into “top friends” or “best friends” lists, which may create the potential for jealousy and “drama” (Marwick and Boyd 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Marwick and Boyd 2014 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, in a qualitative study describing adolescents’ use of the social media app Snapchat, young people noted that they may feel jealous if they are not at the top of their romantic partner’s “best friends list,” i.e., the top three friends with whom a user exchanges “snaps” (Vaterlaus et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vaterlaus et al. 2016
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may indicate that online support-seeking represents a more maladaptive, less active coping strategy.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Applying these results to adolescent friendships, we might expect media tools with greater cue absence to result in less effective conflict resolution.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Communication Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The experience of having friends whom an individual has not met in-person is clearly a phenomenon specific to the social media context, facilitated by social media’s features.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Compensatory Friendship Behaviors
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that these longitudinal studies do not control for offline behavior, precluding conclusions regarding the unique role of social media communication in contributing to friendship quality and initiation.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the public nature of social media tools may create the need for adolescents to “prove” or “display” their friendships to others in the peer network—with this expectation amplified by the quantifiability of social media metrics.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are a number of ways in which these interpersonal behaviors may be transformed in the context of social media, including by amplifying the intensity of these experiences, as well as increasing their frequency and immediacy.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The availability, publicness, and permanence of social media also may increase the frequency and immediacy of receiving social support, which may enhance friendship quality.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Increased Frequency and Immediacy of Communication
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Co-rumination refers to an excessive discussion of problems and focus on negative feelings occurring within a dyadic relationship and, when examined in offline contexts, has shown associations with greater internalizing symptoms (Rose 2002).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rose 2002 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It has become clear that any comprehensive understanding of adolescent development requires a consideration of the role of social media.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One study suggests that co-rumination may be concurrently positively associated with frequency of text messaging and social networking site use, perhaps indicating that social media may provide a convenient vehicle through which young people can engage in co-rumination (Davila et al. 2012).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davila et al. 2012 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the positive association between co-rumination via cell phone and co-rumination in face-to-face settings was moderate, indicating that these are related but distinct constructs.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Murdock et al. 2015
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, it is likely that the unique features of the social media environment, such as publicness and quantifiability, necessitate a fundamental shift in our understanding of group-based peer processes and behavior.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adolescents’ peer relationships may take on a number of forms—from dyadic relationships, to cliques, to larger social networks—and social media offers unique opportunities for each to occur, transforming them in different ways.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, as previously discussed, the cue absence inherent to social media may make adolescents more comfortable disclosing feelings of distress, perhaps amplifying the process of co-rumination.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, we suggest that social media may transform the frequency and immediacy of contact and support within friendships, alter the quality of communication processes, amplify communication demands, and create opportunities for online exclusive friendships.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No comprehensive or unifying framework exists for understanding how social media transforms traditional adolescent peer relations constructs.
“research on adolescent peer relationships has lacked a unifying framework for understanding the mechanisms by which social media may impact traditional peer relations constructs.”
“no comprehensive framework has yet been offered for understanding the ways in which traditional adolescent peer relations constructs are transformed in the context of social media.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The features of social media (the channel or medium) can be analytically separated from the messages and receivers of communication, and this separation is useful for understanding social media's impact on peer relations.
“our goal is to present features of social media that characterize the “channel” or “medium” of social media itself, rather than the sources, messages, or receivers of communications via social media.”
“we consider these outcomes to be separate from the features of the media itself.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
“in many cases, we draw on studies of adults or college students.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The offline peer relations literature provides the appropriate baseline constructs against which social media transformations can be identified.
“we offer a model for understanding the ways in which the features of social media reshape traditional peer relations constructs, such as peer status, peer influence, friendship, and peer victimization.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The features of social media are the primary drivers of the transformation of peer experiences, rather than user characteristics or content.
“We propose that this distinct context transforms adolescents’ peer experiences in important ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents primarily use social media to communicate with existing friends.
“Although adolescents primarily use social media to communicate with existing friends, evidence suggests that many adolescents do develop “online exclusive” relationships”
The paper relies on this without support.
The features of social media (cue absence, asynchronicity, publicness, permanence, availability) are the primary features that transform peer relations.
“The asynchronicity and cue absence of the social media environment may transform friendship processes”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents increasingly use social media while engaged in other conversations.
“This is problematic, given adolescents’ increasing tendency to engage with social media while engaged in other conversations; in fact, a study of college students found that 93.1% of young people had used text messaging while speaking to someone else in-person (Harrison and Gilmore 2012).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from adult and college student studies about social media and relationships can be generalized to adolescents.
“Experimental studies with adults have found that the mere presence of a mobile phone in the room during a conversation can result in lower feelings of relationship quality, particularly when the conversation is about a meaningful topic (Przybylski and Weinstein 2013)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The seven identified features of social media are the most relevant for understanding adolescent peer relations.
“It identifies seven unique features with particular relevance to adolescent peer relations processes, which differentiate social media from traditional, in-person contexts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Social media is a primary way adolescents engage with peers.
“However, as adolescents increasingly turn to social media as a primary means of engaging with peers, the peer relations field has lacked a unifying framework through which to examine the implications of this phenomenon.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The peer relations field lacks a unifying framework for examining social media's implications.
“However, as adolescents increasingly turn to social media as a primary means of engaging with peers, the peer relations field has lacked a unifying framework through which to examine the implications of this phenomenon.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nesi et al. (2018a, 2018b) challenged preconceptions that online interactions mirror offline ones and proposed that “the social media context transforms adolescents’ peer experiences” (Nesi et al., 2018a, p. 268).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Availability is a key affordance when considering proximal processes occurring in virtual microsystems, as it allows people to connect with others who may otherwise be unavailable to them (boyd, 2010; Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, this feature is more pronounced in virtual microsystems, although the degree of asychnronicity varies depending on the digital platform (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Their “transformation framework” identifies key features and affordances of social media platforms that alter peer interactions and relationships in adolescence.”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In virtual microsystems, group interactions are not limited to a geographical location and individuals can communicate and interact with a much wider audience (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nesi et al. (2018a) elucidated cue absence as a transformative feature of social media contexts.”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition to audiovisual clues, identity is also a cue in interpersonal interactions (Nesi et al., 2018a), ranging from interactions with known persons, to source anonymity (i.e., personal identity is totally obscured; Valkenburg & Peter, 2011).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“this feature presents a striking contrast to physical microsystems, given that content (including photos and videos) can be shared verbatim instantly across wide distances (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In virtual microsystems, content (text, images, video, or audio) can be copied exactly as it was originally expressed. Termed replicability (boyd, 2008), this feature presents a striking contrast to physical microsystems, given that content (including photos and videos) can be shared verbatim instantly across wide distances (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Unlike in physical microsystems, where typically a combination of verbal and non-verbal cues informs interactions, interpersonal cues in virtual microsystems may be more limited.”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In our theoretical transformation framework, Nesi et al., (2018a, 2018b) synthesize and build on affordances identified in prior literature to describe seven features of social media: visualness, quantifiability, availability, publicness, permanence, asynchronicity, and cue absence (Nesi et al., 2018a, 2018b) .”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Youth are often the experts when it comes to information technology, and this can upend traditional hierarchies in homes and schools—providing opportunities for parents and teachers to learn from adolescents and further support their development as agentic and capable individuals (Barron et al., 2009; Bond, 2014; Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“However, peer popularity is a key aspect of identity development and sense of self in adolescence, and receipt of feedback to social media content may therefore still be an important contributor to well-being and peer connectedness for this age group [27].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Consistent with a ‘poor-get-richer’ effect, those with reduced social resources offline – not only due to social awkwardness or anxiety but also loneliness or geographical barriers to offline interaction – find online support particularly beneficial [17, 27].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674028845 · Cited by 26,084
Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003 · Cited by 17,875 · cited 1×
“The answer to this question is one that scholars have wrestled with for over a decade (Kaplan and Haenlein 2010; Obar and Wildman 2015).”
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
Levine, S., & McLuhan, M. (1964) · American Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2711172 · Cited by 12,221
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868
The Ecology of Human Development
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1981) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv26071r6 · Cited by 8,168
Parenting style as context: An integrative model.
Darling, N. E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 · Cited by 5,331
The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
Sullivan, H. S., Perry, H. S., Gawel, M. L., & Cohen, M. D. M. B. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315014029 · Cited by 5,280
Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction
WALTHER, J. B. (1996) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365096023001001 · Cited by 4,798
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 195 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Walther, J. B. (2011). Theories of computer-mediated communication and interpersonal relations. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), The handbook of interpersonal communication (4th ed., pp. 443–479). Washington, DC: Sage.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 712
Theoretical Foundations of Social Media Uses and Effects
Valkenburg, P. M. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108976237.004 · Cited by 42
Choukas‐Bradley, S., Kilic, Z., Stout, C. D., & Roberts, S. R. (2023) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2023.03.007 · Cited by 36
Self-citationMindfulness-based interventions for adolescents: time to consider telehealth.
Chadi, N., Weisbaum, E., Vo, D. X., & Ahola Kohut, S. (2020) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0302 · Cited by 34
Mishna, F., Birze, A., & Greenblatt, A. (2022) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00126-w · Cited by 45
Cole, D. A., Nick, E. A., & Pulliam, K. A. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.012 · Cited by 36
Bowker, J. C., & Weingarten, J. P. (2022) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.04.005 · Cited by 33
MacKenzie, M. D., Scott, H., Reid, K., & Gardani, M. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101626 · Cited by 32
Adolescents’ Characteristics and Peer Relationships in Class: A Population Study
Cavicchiolo, E., Lucidi, F., Diotaiuti, P., Chirico, A., Galli, F., Manganelli, S., D’Amico, M., Albarello, F., Girelli, L., Cozzolino, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19158907 · Cited by 40
Angelini, F., & Gini, G. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12256 · Cited by 47
Scott, R. A., Stuart, J., & Barber, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075211029384 · Cited by 37
Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., Maheux, A. J., Roberts, S. R., Sanzari, C. M., Widman, L., & Prinstein, M. J. (2021) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000342 · Cited by 30
Self-citationExploring the “Social” in Social Media: Adolescent Relatedness—Thwarted and Supported
West, M., Rice, S., & Vella‐Brodrick, D. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/07435584211062158 · Cited by 45
Tibber, M. S., & Silver, E. (2022) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x22000034 · Cited by 39
Hamilton, J. L., Dalack, M. N., Boyd, S. I., Jorgensen, S. L., Dreier, M. J., Sarna, J., & Brent, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13996 · Cited by 35
Santos‐Corrada, M., Flecha-Ortiz, J. A., & López, E. (2020) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-12-2017-0236 · Cited by 33
Yang, C., Pham, T., Ariati, J., Smith, C. M., & Foster, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01442-y · Cited by 37
Huang, H. Y., Li, H., & Hsu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22824 · Cited by 37
Hamilton, J. L., Hutchinson, E., Evankovich, M. R., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13611 · Cited by 41
Konings, F., Sumter, S. R., & Vandenbosch, L. (2023) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-023-10065-3 · Cited by 41
Yeo, G., Loo, G., Oon, M., Pang, R., & Ho, D. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/43956 · Cited by 37
Butler, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340605 · Cited by 40
Daniels, A., Pillion, M., Rullo, B., Mikulcic, J., Whittall, H., Bartel, K., Kahn, M., Gradisar, M., & Bauducco, S. V. (2023) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac047 · Cited by 30
Cole, D. A., Nick, E. A., Varga, G., Smith, D. K., Zelkowitz, R. L., Ford, M. A., & Lédeczi, Á. (2019) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0035 · Cited by 29
Browsing Different Instagram Profiles and Associations With Psychological Well-Being
Burnell, K., George, M. J., & Underwood, M. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2020.585518 · Cited by 25
Choukas-Bradley, S., Maheux, A. J., Roberts, S. R., Hutchinson, E. A., Lu, C., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2022.2039255 · Cited by 28
Self-citationGuo, J., & Chai, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1509636 · Cited by 31
Ye, J., Wang, Z., & Hai, J. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/30898 · Cited by 29
Body, image, and digital technology in adolescence and contemporary youth culture
Demaria, F., Pontillo, M., Vincenzo, C. D., Bellantoni, D., Pretelli, I., & Vicari, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1445098 · Cited by 42
Studying Peers in Research on Social Withdrawal: Why Broader Assessments of Peers are Needed
Bowker, J. C., & White, H. I. (2021) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12404 · Cited by 31
Wong, J., Yi, P. X., Quek, F. Y. X., Lua, V. Y. Q., Majeed, N. M., & Hartanto, A. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04092-w · Cited by 27
Siebers, T., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J. L., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03844-y · Cited by 24
Schulz, S., Nelemans, S. A., Hadiwijaya, H., Klimstra, T. A., Crocetti, E., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2022) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13849 · Cited by 39
Adolescent digital emotion regulation
Hollenstein, T., & Faulkner, K. (2024) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.13009 · Cited by 51
Escobar-Viera, C. G., Shensa, A., Sidani, J., Primack, B., & Marshal, M. P. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/23520 · Cited by 24
Bahmani, T., Naseri, N. S., & Fariborzi, E. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02667-7 · Cited by 26
Who benefits most from using social media, the socially rich or the socially poor?
Pouwels, J. L., Keijsers, L., & Odgers, C. L. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101351 · Cited by 26
Digital stress within early adolescents’ friendships – A focus group study from Belgium
Groote, D. D., & Ouytsel, J. V. (2022) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2022.101877 · Cited by 26
Binning, K. R., Cook, J. E., Greenaway, V. P., Garcia, J., Apfel, N., Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12461 · Cited by 25
Marciano, L., Jindal, S., & Viswanath, K. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-066142 · Cited by 25
Introduction to Special Issue: Adolescent and Emerging Adult Development in an Age of Social Media
Davis, K. S., Charmaraman, L., & Weinstein, E. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558419886392 · Cited by 28
Seong, E., Noh, G., Lee, K. H., Lee, J.-S., Kim, S., Seo, D. G., Yoo, J. H., Hwang, H., Choi, C.-H., Han, D. H., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691438 · Cited by 24
Maksniemi, E., Hietajärvi, L., Ketonen, E. E., Lonka, K., Puukko, K., & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2022) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12033 · Cited by 25
Online support seeking, co-rumination, and mental health in adolescent girls
Mackenzie, E., McMaugh, A., Van Bergen, P., & Parada, R. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1040636 · Cited by 24
Meisel, S. N., Nesi, J. L., Janssen, T., & Jackson, K. M. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14935 · Cited by 27
Self-citationThe Effects of Social Media Consumption on Adolescent Psychological Well-Being
Fumagalli, E., Shrum, L. J., & Lowrey, T. M. (2023) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/728739 · Cited by 24
Al-Jbouri, E., Volk, A. A., Spadafora, N., & Andrews, N. C. Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Developmental Psychology · doi:10.3389/fdpys.2024.1419756 · Cited by 36
Holt, K. M., Holt, T. J., Cale, J., Brewer, R., & Goldsmith, A. J. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106952 · Cited by 27
Moroney, E., Lee, S. S., Ebbert, A. M., & Luthar, S. S. (2022) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045221108834 · Cited by 26
Widman, L. M., Maheux, A. J., Craig, E., Evans-Paulson, R., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2022) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2022.2099787 · Cited by 23
Self-citationCingel, D. P., Lauricella, A. R., Taylor, L. B., Stevens, H., Coyne, S. M., & Wartella, E. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276737 · Cited by 25
Social media use in the context of the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework
Carter, M. C., Cingel, D. P., Ruiz, J. B., & Wartella, E. A. (2022) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqac038 · Cited by 27
Hooper, R., Guest, E., Ramsey‐Wade, C. E., & Slater, A. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101702 · Cited by 33
The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control on Cyberbully/Victim Status in Adolescents
Özdemir, E. Z., & Bektaş, M. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.004 · Cited by 23
Digital media-related precursors to psychiatric hospitalization among youth.
Nesi, J., Burke, T. A., Caltabiano, A., Spirito, A., & Wolff, J. C. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.013 · Cited by 21
Self-citationCascading bidirectional influences of digital media use and mental health in adolescence
Flannery, J. S., Maza, M. T., Kilic, Z., & Telzer, E. H. (2023) · Advances in Child Development and Behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.10.003 · Cited by 23
“Ur a freakin goddess!”: Examining appearance commentary on Instagram.
Burnell, K., George, M. J., Kurup, A. R., & Underwood, M. K. (2021) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000341 · Cited by 22
Wang, J., & Wang, S. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15050665 · Cited by 26
Garrett, S. L., Burnell, K., Armstrong‐Carter, E., Prinstein, M. J., & Telzer, E. H. (2023) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12871 · Cited by 21
Self-citationAngelini, F., Gini, G., Marino, C., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1222907 · Cited by 21
Positive Youth Development in the Digital Age: Expanding PYD to Include Digital Settings
Ross, K. M., & Tolan, P. H. (2021) · Springer series on child and family studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70262-5_35 · Cited by 21
Kaufman, T. M. L., Laninga‐Wijnen, L., & Lodder, G. M. A. (2022) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13772 · Cited by 21
Scott, R. A., Stuart, J., & Barber, B. L. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2021.0250 · Cited by 21
Digital social multitasking (DSMT), digital stress, and socioemotional wellbeing among adolescents
Yang, C., Smith, C. M., Pham, T., & Ariati, J. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2023-1-6 · Cited by 24
Resnik, F., & Bellmore, A. D. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0953-z · Cited by 26
The other side of the screen: The impact of perspective‐taking on adolescents’ online communication
Bowman‐Smith, C. K., Sosa‐Hernandez, L., & Nilsen, E. S. (2021) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.08.006 · Cited by 26
Adolescents and Trust in Online Social Interactions: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Colí, E., Paciello, M., Lamponi, E., Calella, R., & Falcone, R. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10081408 · Cited by 20
The effects of social media restriction: Meta-analytic evidence from randomized controlled trials
Burnell, K., Meter, D. J., Andrade, F. C., Slocum, A., & George, M. J. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100459 · Cited by 30
Loneliness in adolescence: prevalence, developmental contexts, and interventions
Verity, L., Burke, L., & Qualter, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1696981 · Cited by 25
Quiroz, S. I., Ha, T., & Anderson, S. F. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108111 · Cited by 21
Distinct Modalities of Electronic Communication and School Adjustment
Schwartz, D., Kelleghan, A. R., Malamut, S. T., Mali, L. V., Ryjova, Y., Hopmeyer, A., & Luo, T. J. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01061-8 · Cited by 20
Determining the Religious Coping Styles of Adolescents in Turkey During COVID-19
Kadiroğlu, T., Güdücü Tüfekci, F., & Kara, A. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01410-7 · Cited by 19
Sawyer, J.-L., Mishna, F., Bouffet, É., Saini, M., & Shaul, R. Z. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-021-00764-x · Cited by 23
Maheux, A. J., Roberts, S. R., Nesi, J. L., Widman, L. M., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.002 · Cited by 29
Self-citationScott, R. A., Stuart, J., Barber, B. L., O'Donnell, K. J., & O'Donnell, A. W. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2022-2-10 · Cited by 18
Digital White Racial Socialization: Social Media and the Case of Whiteness
Frey, W. R., Ward, L. M., Weiss, A., & Cogburn, C. D. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12775 · Cited by 23
Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Hawes, T., Scott, R. A., Campbell, T., & Webb, H. J. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107569 · Cited by 24
Adolescents' motivation to use social network sites from a psychological needs perspective
Wong, S. L., & McLellan, R. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12276 · Cited by 24
A diary study investigating the differential impacts of Instagram content on youths’ body image
Glaser, H. C., Jansma, S. R., & Scholten, H. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-02960-3 · Cited by 24
Social media interventions to improve well-being
Skeggs, A., & Orben, A. C. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02167-9 · Cited by 26
Social Media Addiction and Personality: A Review of Research
Шейнов, В. П. (2021) · Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика · doi:10.22363/2313-1683-2021-18-3-607-630 · Cited by 25
Dorčić, T. M., Smojver‐Ažić, S., Božić, I., & Malkoč, I. (2023) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.9885 · Cited by 29
Old Strategies, New Environments: Reinforcement Learning on Social Media
Turner, G., Ferguson, A. M., Katiyar, T., Palminteri, S., & Orben, A. C. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.12.012 · Cited by 35
Stehr, P. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107568 · Cited by 17
Steele, R. G., Khetawat, D., Christofferson, J. L., & Hall, J. A. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-022-10013-9 · Cited by 17
Youth’s Experiences of Cyber Violence in Intimate Relationships: A Matter of Love and Trust
Fernet, M., Hébert, M., Brodeur, G., Guyon, R., & Lapierre, A. (2023) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2023.2167678 · Cited by 20
Negative comments and social media: How cognitive biases relate to body image concerns
Dent, E., & Martin, A. K. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.008 · Cited by 22
Adolescent coping and social media use moderated anxiety change during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Myruski, S., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., & Buss, K. A. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12267 · Cited by 21
Luo, D., Cai, X., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Xu, J. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05692-5 · Cited by 22
Habito, M., Morgan, A., & Vaughan, C. (2021) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2021.1877825 · Cited by 19
Tibbs, M., Deschênes, S., van der Velden, P., & Fitzgerald, A. (2025) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02093-5 · Cited by 16
Liu, S., Zeng, Z., Qi, Q., Yang, Q., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s460393 · Cited by 21
The Analysis of Fine Arts Students' Social Media Awareness Levels Related to Appearance
Öztürk, M. Ü., & Öztürk, M. S. (2022) · International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology · doi:10.46328/ijemst.2559 · Cited by 19
Huang, Y., & Chui, H. T. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-01954-3 · Cited by 28
Social uncertainty in the digital world
Ferguson, A. M., Turner, G., & Orben, A. C. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.005 · Cited by 16
Maheux, A. J., Laurenceau, J., Roberts, S. R., Nesi, J. L., Widman, L. M., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-01998-5 · Cited by 21
Self-citationCollecting text messages from college students: Evaluating a novel methodology
Hussong, A. M., Jensen, M. R., Morgan, S. G., & Poteat, J. (2020) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12466 · Cited by 16
Peer experiences via social media
Nesi, J. L., Dredge, R., Maheux, A. J., Roberts, S. R., Fox, K. A., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00046-7 · Cited by 27
Self-citationBlackwell, C. K., Mansolf, M. A., Rose, T., Pila, S., Cella, D. F., Cohen, A., Leve, L. D., McGrath, M., Neiderhiser, J. M., Urquhart, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.12.003 · Cited by 19
Nagata, J. M., Shim, J. E., Balasubramanian, P., Leong, A. W., Smith-Russack, Z., Shao, I. Y., Al-Shoaibi, A. A. A., Helmer, C. K., Ganson, K. T., Testa, A. M., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2025.101002 · Cited by 28
Developing a Peer Relationship Scale for Adolescents: a validity and reliability study
Aydoğdu, F. (2021) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2021.109461 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nesi, Jacqueline
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2018-04-07
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-294
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC6435354
- OpenAlex
- W2795982475
- Semantic Scholar
- d2abc643cce06d3ba0050307351dc6d1e606d332
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 157 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 14.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DGE-1144081)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH85505)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD055342)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social media use, transformation framework, peer relationships, interpersonal context, compensatory behavior, adolescent development, peer adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Peer Group, Friends, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
