Growing Up Wired: Social Networking Sites and Adolescent Psychosocial Development
Open accessAbstract
Since the advent of social networking site (SNS) technologies, adolescents' use of these technologies has expanded and is now a primary way of communicating with and acquiring information about others in their social network. Overall, adolescents and young adults' stated motivations for using SNSs are quite similar to more traditional forms of communication-to stay in touch with friends, make plans, get to know people better, and present oneself to others. We begin with a summary of theories that describe the role of SNSs in adolescents' interpersonal relationships, as well as common methodologies used in this field of research thus far. Then, with the social changes that occur throughout adolescence as a backdrop, we address the ways in which SNSs intersect with key tasks of adolescent psychosocial development, specifically peer affiliation and friendship quality, as well as identity development. Evidence suggests that SNSs differentially relate to adolescents' social connectivity and identity development, with sociability, self-esteem, and nature of SNS feedback as important potential moderators. We synthesize current findings, highlight unanswered questions, and recommend both methodological and theoretical directions for future research.
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Higher social media usage, along with developmental vulnerabilities, in adolescents and young adults has been proposed to explain the higher association with worse mental health outcomes compared to adults.
“Higher social media usage, along with developmental vulnerabilities, in adolescents and young adults has been proposed to explain the higher association with worse mental health outcomes compared to adults [57,58].”
From Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
The Introduction describes extensive SNS use among adolescents and young adults, and its theories section discusses how excessive use may contribute to depressive symptoms, particularly alongside limited offline social connections or poor social skills. The paper does not establish that their association with worse mental health outcomes is stronger than adults’, or propose those factors as an explanation for that age-group difference. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSocial media provides near constant opportunities for interaction, particularly through mobile technologies.
“As adolescents are striving for more frequent connections with peers, social media provides near constant opportunities for interaction, particularly via mobile technologies (Spies Shapiro and Margolin 2013).”
From Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships (2018) · cites this paper as Spies Shapiro and Margolin 2013
Only very recently, the focus has shifted toward younger population groups.
“Only very recently, the focus has shifted toward younger population groups [22-26].”
From Internet use and access, behavior, cyberbullying, and grooming: Results of an investigative whole city survey of adolescents (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Spies Shapiro, L. A., & Margolin, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- ORCID
- Margolin, Gayla
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2013-05-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-18
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC3795955
- OpenAlex
- W2051770943
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH087029)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD046807)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social networking sites, adolescents, psychosocial development, peer affiliation, friendship quality, identity construction, self-esteem, sociability, social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, online communication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Psychology, Adolescent, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Self Concept, Internet, Friends, Adolescent Development, Social Networking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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