The DOI matches its Crossref record; 192 of the 195 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 115 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships
Open accessAbstract
Investigators have long recognized that adolescents’ peer experiences provide a crucial context for the acquisition of developmental competencies, as well as potential risks for a range of adjustment difficulties. However, recent years have seen an exponential increase in adolescents’ adoption of social media tools, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of adolescent peer interactions. Although research has begun to examine social media use among adolescents, researchers have lacked a unifying framework for understanding the impact of social media on adolescents’ peer experiences. This paper represents Part 1 of a two-part theoretical review, in which we offer a transformation framework to integrate interdisciplinary social media scholarship and guide future work on social media use and peer relations from a theory-driven perspective. We draw on prior conceptualizations of social media as a distinct interpersonal context and apply this understanding to adolescents’ peer experiences, outlining features of social media with particular relevance to adolescent peer relations. We argue that social media transforms adolescent peer relationships in five key ways: by changing the frequency or immediacy of experiences, amplifying experiences and demands, altering the qualitative nature of interactions, facilitating new opportunities for compensatory behaviors, and creating entirely novel behaviors. We offer an illustration of the transformation framework applied to adolescents’ dyadic friendship processes (i.e., experiences typically occurring between two individuals), reviewing existing evidence and offering theoretical implications. Overall, the transformation framework represents a departure from the prevailing approaches of prior peer relations work and a new model for understanding peer relations in the social media context.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 115 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“publicness can also occur in such forums as group text messaging threads, where one can simultaneously communicate with groups of 10–20 friends or more”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Publicness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As compared to children, adolescents spend significantly more time with peers, experience more frequent peer-based stressors, and exhibit heightened emotional reactivity to peer stress (Brown and Larson 2009; Rudolph 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As compared to children, adolescents spend significantly more time with peers, experience more frequent peer-based stressors, and exhibit heightened emotional reactivity to peer stress (Brown and Larson 2009; Rudolph 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, it incorporates aspects of a dyadic social system, in which individuals interact directly with others known in their immediate social network.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIn the paper
“Social media also may activate the biological systems that are responsible for adolescents’ heightened sensitivity to social feedback and rewards (Sherman et al. 2016)”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sherman et al. 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“As adolescents are striving for more frequent connections with peers, social media provides near constant opportunities for interaction, particularly via mobile technologies (Spies Shapiro and Margolin 2013).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Spies Shapiro and Margolin 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“We draw on McFarland and Ployhart’s (2015) contextual framework to argue that the features of social media, which differentiate it from traditional interpersonal environments, come together to create a distinct social context.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McFarland and Ployhart 2015 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“by changing the frequency or immediacy of experiences”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“creating entirely novel behaviors”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“social media has now become a critical part of the social fabric that makes up adolescents’ lives (Lenhart 2015a; Rideout 2015).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lenhart 2015a
- Not checked yetcites Rideout 2015
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 44
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“text-based communication offers fewer interpersonal cues (i.e., no facial expression, tone of voice, or gestures), while sending a photograph of one’s self to a friend may offer some cues (facial expression), but not others (voice).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The act of picking up one’s phone and sending a text message, for example, requires far less effort than driving to a friend’s house to talk, as does messaging a stranger online versus going to a party to meet someone new.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Certain social media applications, such as Instagram and Snapchat, have such “filter” mechanisms built in to allow for easy or automatic application to one’s photographs.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quantifiable indicators are commonplace within social media tools—for example, many social networking sites display numbers of “likes,” “retweets,” “views,” or “shares.” Numbers of friends and followers are displayed across many sites as well.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“such content can easily be captured and copied by peers through screenshots or photographs”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Snapchat tracks the number of messages sent between each user and designates the individual with whom a user shares the most messages as his/her “number one best friend.””
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for sites like Instagram and Pinterest, very few functionalities are provided apart from photograph and video displays”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The app displays various “emojis” next to individuals’ usernames to indicate, for example, whether two individuals have the same “number one best friend,” or whether one sends more messages than are reciprocated.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when users have sent messages to each other for consecutive days, a “streak” score appears next to the user’s name to indicate the consecutive number of days.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each user receives a Snapchat “score” reflecting the number of posts they have sent and received.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, quantifiability allows for the ability to count numbers of text messages shared and times at which those text messages were sent.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quantifiability of social media can even be seen in displays of times at which certain content was posted, thus allowing users to determine the length of time that passed for an individual to accrue a given number of likes or comments.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, social media must be placed within an historical context.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Certainly, social media may be considered an environmental context, one that is external to the individual; however, the specific system within which it is situated may be less clear.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Social media likely also rests, however, within larger meso-, macro-, and exosystems.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > The Role of Ecological Contexts in Shaping Adolescent Behavior: Social Media as a New Interpersonal Context
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we discuss the role of social media in transforming adolescents’ dyadic peer interactions—or those experiences traditionally occurring between two individuals—including communication processes, relationship quality, friendship support, and problematic interpersonal behaviors.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we identify features of social media with particular relevance to adolescent peer relationships and suggest that these features exist on a continuum within any given social media tool.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction to the Transformation Framework
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Social media use has become nearly ubiquitous among adolescents (Lenhart 2015a).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lenhart 2015a
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
““cues-filtered-out” theories (Culnan and Markus 1987) suggest that computer-mediated communication channels provide fewer interpersonal, nonverbal “cues” and synchronicity, thus impacting social interactions that typically rely on those communicative features.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Culnan and Markus 1987
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On certain sites, like Snapchat, adolescents may exchange so many photographs each day that scholars have suggested a newly found legitimacy for “photographic communication,” or the use of self-photographs to convey expression, tone, or emotions within conversation (Waddell 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Waddell 2016 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, social media allows adolescents to engage in selective self-presentation, posting certain photographs and text that reflect their burgeoning identities, gaining feedback from their peers on such presentations, and engaging in social comparison with the self-presentations of their peers (Subrahmanyam and Šmahel 2011; Valkenburg and Peter 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Over many decades, substantial research has documented the profound impacts of peer interactions, friendships, and status for adolescent development and well-being (Choukas-Bradley and Prinstein 2014; Rubin et al. 2015; Steinberg and Morris 2001).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Choukas-Bradley and Prinstein 2014
- Not checked yetcites Rubin et al. 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Steinberg and Morris 2001
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“adolescents are acutely attuned to their own and their peers’ physical appearance and tend to engage in high levels of appearance-based social comparison (de Vries et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Vries et al. 2016 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it becomes increasingly difficult to characterize social media’s overall influence as either “harmful” or “helpful.””
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“This may be especially appealing as youth reach adolescence, when peer interactions become increasingly desired, frequent, and central to one’s sense of self (Hartup 1996).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hartup 1996
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“communication and social support processes may be perceived as less “rich,” and victimization experienced as more harsh, within the online environments due to cue absence and asynchronicity.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the domain of peer victimization may be transformed through opportunities to digitally alter and spread privately shared content, and peer status may be transformed through novel opportunities to accumulate “likes” and “followers.””
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Combined with publicness, the availability of a given social media tool allows for “scalability,” or the potential for content to become highly visible, for example, through forwarding of messages or videos that quickly “go viral” (boyd 2010).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites boyd 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The degree to which a given social media tool exhibits each feature varies considerably across tools, including different platforms (e.g., Facebook, Snapchat) and their various potential functionalities (e.g., posting a public photograph, sending a private message).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A second social media feature that has not been highlighted in prior theoretical frameworks is visualness.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Visualness
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adolescents’ social lives are increasingly embedded in this context, and the transformation framework aims to integrate prior work and guide future investigations to better understand this phenomenon.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > A Transformation Framework of Adolescent Peer Relations and Social Media
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we consider permanence to be a broad, encompassing feature of social media that is a necessary condition for these important processes described in prior discussions of social media”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is likely to be considerable overlap within these broad categories of transformation.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“current social media tools often encourage connections with known others, with the degree of connection with offline friends varying between sites (Boyd and Ellison 2008; Ellison and Boyd 2013)”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Boyd and Ellison 2008
- Not checked yetcites Ellison and Boyd 2013
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Preliminary studies suggest that adolescents are highly aware of and influenced by these quantifiable metrics (Chua and Chang 2016; Sherman et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chua and Chang 2016
- Not checked yetcites Sherman et al. 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to asynchronicity, adolescents may participate in multiple conversations with peers simultaneously and engage in careful, selective self-presentation within messages and photographs.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Asynchronicity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We suggest that, overall, social media tends to show higher levels of each of these features compared to traditional face-to-face contexts.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We thus propose that each feature can be considered on a continuum for a given social media tool, with each specific social media tool potentially having high levels of some of these features and low levels of others (see Fig. 2).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The lack of physical presence required of communication via social media often precludes interpersonal cues such as vocal tone, physical touch, gestures, and facial expression, and reduces the number of ways that information can be expressed, or “symbol sets” (Dennis et al. 2008).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dennis et al. 2008 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In experimental work, adolescents have shown increased activity in reward-related brain regions, and subsequently greater risk-taking, when in the presence of peers (Chein et al. 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Adolescent Development and the Draw of Social Media
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chein et al. 2011 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may have particular relevance for adolescents, who may be more likely to post or share content impulsively or without consideration of the long-term consequences of permanently available content.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The asynchronicity and cue absence of the social media environment may transform friendship processes by altering the qualitative nature of specific communication processes (e.g., interpretation of information, conflict resolution, problem solving), as well as the quality of relationships and social support more generally.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the Qualitative Nature of Friendship Processes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the permanent accessibility of content allows for the abilities to search for (“searchability”; boyd 2010), retrieve (“retrievability”; Peter and Valkenburg 2013), and replicate (“replicability”; boyd 2010) that content.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites boyd 2010
- Not checked yetcites Peter and Valkenburg 2013
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The concept of “disembodied users,” or adolescents’ sense that certain communication cues are missing, has also been proposed (Subrahmanyam and Šmahel 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Subrahmanyam and Šmahel 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such studies, for example, may show discriminant associations between each of these experiences and putative predictors and outcomes, or between corresponding online and offline behaviors.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We thus consider the speed with which adolescents can access and share content to be a consequence of availability, rather than a feature in itself.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Availability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As young people enter adolescence, changes across cognitive, biological, and social domains allow for increased intimacy, reciprocity, and support within friendships, with important implications for adjustment through the lifespan (Berndt 1982).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berndt 1982
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The offline peer relations literature provides the appropriate baseline constructs against which social media transformations can be identified.
In the paper
“media synchronicity theory (Dennis et al. 2008) has suggested that the capabilities of a given media platform (e.g., transmission velocity, rehearsability) should be matched to the needs of a social situation in order to optimize communication performance.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dennis et al. 2008 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as nearly limitless possibilities exist for the ways in which adolescents can use social media tools”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Keipi and Oksanen (2014) suggest a continuum of anonymity, ranging from full anonymity to face-to-face interaction, with pseudonymity (e.g., interaction through avatars) and visual anonymity (interactions without physical characteristics or cues) falling in between.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Keipi and Oksanen (2014) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Friendships provide an important developmental context for adolescents’ social and emotional growth (Newcomb and Bagwell 1995).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Newcomb and Bagwell 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The offline peer relations literature provides the appropriate baseline constructs against which social media transformations can be identified.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“permanence results in opportunities to reexamine previously shared content (“reprocessability”; Dennis et al. 2008), as well as to check or verify information (“verifiability”; McFarland and Ployhart 2015).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Permanence
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the displacement hypothesis (Kraut et al. 1998) was first proposed in the early days of the Internet. This hypothesis suggested that the quality of individuals’ offline relationships would suffer as a result of Internet use because high-quality offline relationships would be replaced with time spent in low-quality online interactions.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kraut et al. 1998 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the features of social media may create opportunities for traditionally “dyadic” behaviors to occur within larger group settings.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted that many of the ways in which social media may transform peer experiences are likely to vary based on adolescents’ age.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of quantifiable status indicators (e.g., “likes”) on the experience of friendship, for example, may differ greatly from early to late adolescence or early adulthood.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is likely that a clear pattern of developmental differences in social media’s effect on friendships will emerge once more research has accumulated.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Application of the Transformation Framework: Adolescent Friendship Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
In the paper
“Scholars have begun to suggest that the “quantifiable” nature of social media interactions may have a significant impact on adolescents’ peer experiences online (Sherman et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Quantifiability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sherman et al. 2016 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Valkenburg and Peter (2011), for example, differentiating between “source anonymity,” in which the communicator is entirely unknown, and “audiovisual anonymity,” in which visual or auditory cues may be lacking or reduced.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Valkenburg and Peter (2011) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“a stimulation hypothesis has been proposed, with evidence accumulating to suggest that adolescents’ friendship quality will be enhanced as the availability of social media allows for more time spent communicating with existing friends (Valkenburg and Peter 2007b, 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Valkenburg and Peter 2007b, 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Adolescents primarily use social media to communicate with existing friends.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The asynchronicity, or time lapse between aspects of a conversation, has long been considered an important aspect of cues-filtered-out approaches to media-based communication (Culnan and Markus 1987) and has been frequently highlighted within the psychology and media effects literature (McFarland and Ployhart 2015; Valkenburg and Peter 2011).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Asynchronicity
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The literature suggests that these processes may be transformed in a number of ways including: changing the qualitative nature of friendship experiences to be less rich or, alternatively, more comfortable; increasing the frequency and immediacy of support provision; creating new opportunities for compensatory friendship behaviors and online exclusive friendships, as well as for novel “relationship”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The features of social media (cue absence, asynchronicity, publicness, permanence, availability) are the primary features that transform peer relations.
In the paper
“scholars have described the potential for “cue management” online, or adolescents’ ability to choose which cues (visual, textual, auditory, video) are presented (Peter and Valkenburg 2013).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Features of the Social Media Context > Cue Absence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Peter and Valkenburg 2013
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in many cases, the amplification of experiences may be caused by increasing frequency of behaviors or opportunities for new behaviors; similarly, opportunities for new behaviors may result in changes in the qualitative nature of experiences.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These transformed peer experiences, then, may be alternatively beneficial, detrimental, both, or neither to adolescents.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Toward a Transformation Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Xu et al. (2016) found that media multitasking negatively impacted social success (i.e., number of close friends and feelings of connectedness) during synchronous communication (face-to-face conversations, phone conversations, and video chat), but not during asynchronous communication (e-mail and text messaging).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Amplified Expectations and Demands Within Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Xu et al. 2016
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Finally, the visualness of social media may allow these behaviors to occur in novel, nonverbal ways—for example, posting frequent photographs with the expectation of friends’ comments as a means of reassurance-seeking—and this visualness may heighten the focus on appearance-based reassurance-seeking and validation (Perloff 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Perloff 2014 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, these processes may be amplified among younger adolescents, for whom the social self-concept is less well developed (Byrne and Shavelson 1996), thus potentially creating more uncertainty within peer relationships.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Amplified Expectations and Demands Within Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Byrne and Shavelson 1996
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These experiences, which are likely exacerbated due to the availability, publicness, and permanence of social media, may occur within adolescents’ friendships as well.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Amplified Expectations and Demands Within Friendships
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although this study examined communication within romantic relationships specifically, one might expect similar processes to occur within adolescents’ non-romantic friendships, as well.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although research directly examining this phenomenon is limited, one focus group study with college students suggests that “relationship displays” are a critical aspect of social media use, with such displays serving a variety of functions, including enhancement of self-image (i.e., by showcasing connections with others), as well as providing public “proof” of associations with friends (Manago et”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Manago et al. 2008 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these features also may impact adolescents’ sense of comfort in online communication.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“social media’s publicness allows adolescents to access a wide network of peers, with social media’s availability ensuring that peers may be available at almost any time of day, from any location.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Increased Frequency and Immediacy of Communication
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One new experience created by social media is the quantifiable, public categorization of relationships into “top friends” or “best friends” lists, which may create the potential for jealousy and “drama” (Marwick and Boyd 2014).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Marwick and Boyd 2014 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, in a qualitative study describing adolescents’ use of the social media app Snapchat, young people noted that they may feel jealous if they are not at the top of their romantic partner’s “best friends list,” i.e., the top three friends with whom a user exchanges “snaps” (Vaterlaus et al. 2016).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vaterlaus et al. 2016
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may indicate that online support-seeking represents a more maladaptive, less active coping strategy.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Applying these results to adolescent friendships, we might expect media tools with greater cue absence to result in less effective conflict resolution.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Communication Processes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The experience of having friends whom an individual has not met in-person is clearly a phenomenon specific to the social media context, facilitated by social media’s features.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Compensatory Friendship Behaviors
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that these longitudinal studies do not control for offline behavior, precluding conclusions regarding the unique role of social media communication in contributing to friendship quality and initiation.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Altered Quality of Relationships and Social Support
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the public nature of social media tools may create the need for adolescents to “prove” or “display” their friendships to others in the peer network—with this expectation amplified by the quantifiability of social media metrics.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > New Opportunities: Novel Experiences Increase Friendship Demands
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are a number of ways in which these interpersonal behaviors may be transformed in the context of social media, including by amplifying the intensity of these experiences, as well as increasing their frequency and immediacy.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The availability, publicness, and permanence of social media also may increase the frequency and immediacy of receiving social support, which may enhance friendship quality.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Increased Frequency and Immediacy of Communication
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Co-rumination refers to an excessive discussion of problems and focus on negative feelings occurring within a dyadic relationship and, when examined in offline contexts, has shown associations with greater internalizing symptoms (Rose 2002).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rose 2002 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It has become clear that any comprehensive understanding of adolescent development requires a consideration of the role of social media.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One study suggests that co-rumination may be concurrently positively associated with frequency of text messaging and social networking site use, perhaps indicating that social media may provide a convenient vehicle through which young people can engage in co-rumination (Davila et al. 2012).”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davila et al. 2012 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the positive association between co-rumination via cell phone and co-rumination in face-to-face settings was moderate, indicating that these are related but distinct constructs.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Murdock et al. 2015
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, it is likely that the unique features of the social media environment, such as publicness and quantifiability, necessitate a fundamental shift in our understanding of group-based peer processes and behavior.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adolescents’ peer relationships may take on a number of forms—from dyadic relationships, to cliques, to larger social networks—and social media offers unique opportunities for each to occur, transforming them in different ways.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, as previously discussed, the cue absence inherent to social media may make adolescents more comfortable disclosing feelings of distress, perhaps amplifying the process of co-rumination.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Overview of Friendships in the Social Media Context > Transformation of the “Dark Sides” of Friendships
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, we suggest that social media may transform the frequency and immediacy of contact and support within friendships, alter the quality of communication processes, amplify communication demands, and create opportunities for online exclusive friendships.”
§ Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No comprehensive or unifying framework exists for understanding how social media transforms traditional adolescent peer relations constructs.
“research on adolescent peer relationships has lacked a unifying framework for understanding the mechanisms by which social media may impact traditional peer relations constructs.”
“no comprehensive framework has yet been offered for understanding the ways in which traditional adolescent peer relations constructs are transformed in the context of social media.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The features of social media (the channel or medium) can be analytically separated from the messages and receivers of communication, and this separation is useful for understanding social media's impact on peer relations.
“our goal is to present features of social media that characterize the “channel” or “medium” of social media itself, rather than the sources, messages, or receivers of communications via social media.”
“we consider these outcomes to be separate from the features of the media itself.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from studies of adults and college students can provide preliminary evidence about processes that occur in adolescence.
“in many cases, we draw on studies of adults or college students.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The offline peer relations literature provides the appropriate baseline constructs against which social media transformations can be identified.
“we offer a model for understanding the ways in which the features of social media reshape traditional peer relations constructs, such as peer status, peer influence, friendship, and peer victimization.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The features of social media are the primary drivers of the transformation of peer experiences, rather than user characteristics or content.
“We propose that this distinct context transforms adolescents’ peer experiences in important ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents primarily use social media to communicate with existing friends.
“Although adolescents primarily use social media to communicate with existing friends, evidence suggests that many adolescents do develop “online exclusive” relationships”
The paper relies on this without support.
The features of social media (cue absence, asynchronicity, publicness, permanence, availability) are the primary features that transform peer relations.
“The asynchronicity and cue absence of the social media environment may transform friendship processes”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents increasingly use social media while engaged in other conversations.
“This is problematic, given adolescents’ increasing tendency to engage with social media while engaged in other conversations; in fact, a study of college students found that 93.1% of young people had used text messaging while speaking to someone else in-person (Harrison and Gilmore 2012).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from adult and college student studies about social media and relationships can be generalized to adolescents.
“Experimental studies with adults have found that the mere presence of a mobile phone in the room during a conversation can result in lower feelings of relationship quality, particularly when the conversation is about a meaningful topic (Przybylski and Weinstein 2013)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The seven identified features of social media are the most relevant for understanding adolescent peer relations.
“It identifies seven unique features with particular relevance to adolescent peer relations processes, which differentiate social media from traditional, in-person contexts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Social media is a primary way adolescents engage with peers.
“However, as adolescents increasingly turn to social media as a primary means of engaging with peers, the peer relations field has lacked a unifying framework through which to examine the implications of this phenomenon.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The peer relations field lacks a unifying framework for examining social media's implications.
“However, as adolescents increasingly turn to social media as a primary means of engaging with peers, the peer relations field has lacked a unifying framework through which to examine the implications of this phenomenon.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nesi et al. (2018a, 2018b) challenged preconceptions that online interactions mirror offline ones and proposed that “the social media context transforms adolescents’ peer experiences” (Nesi et al., 2018a, p. 268).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Availability is a key affordance when considering proximal processes occurring in virtual microsystems, as it allows people to connect with others who may otherwise be unavailable to them (boyd, 2010; Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, this feature is more pronounced in virtual microsystems, although the degree of asychnronicity varies depending on the digital platform (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Their “transformation framework” identifies key features and affordances of social media platforms that alter peer interactions and relationships in adolescence.”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In virtual microsystems, group interactions are not limited to a geographical location and individuals can communicate and interact with a much wider audience (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nesi et al. (2018a) elucidated cue absence as a transformative feature of social media contexts.”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition to audiovisual clues, identity is also a cue in interpersonal interactions (Nesi et al., 2018a), ranging from interactions with known persons, to source anonymity (i.e., personal identity is totally obscured; Valkenburg & Peter, 2011).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“this feature presents a striking contrast to physical microsystems, given that content (including photos and videos) can be shared verbatim instantly across wide distances (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In virtual microsystems, content (text, images, video, or audio) can be copied exactly as it was originally expressed. Termed replicability (boyd, 2008), this feature presents a striking contrast to physical microsystems, given that content (including photos and videos) can be shared verbatim instantly across wide distances (Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Unlike in physical microsystems, where typically a combination of verbal and non-verbal cues informs interactions, interpersonal cues in virtual microsystems may be more limited.”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In our theoretical transformation framework, Nesi et al., (2018a, 2018b) synthesize and build on affordances identified in prior literature to describe seven features of social media: visualness, quantifiability, availability, publicness, permanence, asynchronicity, and cue absence (Nesi et al., 2018a, 2018b) .”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Youth are often the experts when it comes to information technology, and this can upend traditional hierarchies in homes and schools—providing opportunities for parents and teachers to learn from adolescents and further support their development as agentic and capable individuals (Barron et al., 2009; Bond, 2014; Nesi et al., 2018a).”
From Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. (2023) · cites this paper as Nesi et al., 2018a
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“However, peer popularity is a key aspect of identity development and sense of self in adolescence, and receipt of feedback to social media content may therefore still be an important contributor to well-being and peer connectedness for this age group [27].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Consistent with a ‘poor-get-richer’ effect, those with reduced social resources offline – not only due to social awkwardness or anxiety but also loneliness or geographical barriers to offline interaction – find online support particularly beneficial [17, 27].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674028845 · Cited by 26,084
Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003 · Cited by 17,875 · cited 1×
“The answer to this question is one that scholars have wrestled with for over a decade (Kaplan and Haenlein 2010; Obar and Wildman 2015).”
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
Levine, S., & McLuhan, M. (1964) · American Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2711172 · Cited by 12,221
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868
The Ecology of Human Development
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1981) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv26071r6 · Cited by 8,168
Parenting style as context: An integrative model.
Darling, N. E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 · Cited by 5,331
The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
Sullivan, H. S., Perry, H. S., Gawel, M. L., & Cohen, M. D. M. B. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315014029 · Cited by 5,280
Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction
WALTHER, J. B. (1996) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365096023001001 · Cited by 4,798
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,793
I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience
Marwick, A. E., & boyd, D. (2011) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444810365313 · Cited by 4,612
A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking
Steinberg, L. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002 · Cited by 3,644
Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309 · Cited by 3,550
The social psychology of telecommunications
Gray, G. (1977) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/0308-5961(77)90016-7 · Cited by 3,486
THE INTERPERSONAL THEORY OF PSYCHIATRY
&NA; (1954) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-195407000-00064 · Cited by 2,915
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83 · Cited by 2,517
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
McLuhan, M., & Gordon, W. T. (1964) · Saber7 UCAB · Cited by 2,325
The structure and function of communication in society
Lasswell, H. D. (2007) · Cited by 2,238
The media and modernity: a social theory of the media
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0106 · Cited by 2,174
Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications
(2010) · A Networked Self · doi:10.4324/9780203876527-8 · Cited by 1,724 · cited 9×
“For example, the permanent accessibility of content allows for the abilities to search for (“searchability”; boyd 2010), retrieve (“retrievability”; Peter and Valkenburg 2013), and replicate (“replicability”; boyd 2010) that content.”
InfluentialAdolescent Brain Development: A Period of Vulnerabilities and Opportunities. Keynote Address
DAHL, R. E. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.001 · Cited by 1,667
It's complicated: the social lives of networked teens
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-7042 · Cited by 1,607
The Vicissitudes of Autonomy in Early Adolescence
Steinberg, L. D., & Silverberg, S. B. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00250.x · Cited by 1,590
Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the Internet for Personality and Social Psychology
McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0401_6 · Cited by 1,588
The Company They Keep: Friendships and Their Developmental Significance
Hartup, W. W. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01714.x · Cited by 1,569
Elkind, D. (1967) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1127100 · Cited by 1,551
The Vicissitudes of Autonomy in Early Adolescence
Steinberg, L., & Silverberg, S. B. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130361 · Cited by 1,523
Media, Tasks, and Communication Processes: A Theory of Media Synchronicity1
Dennis, A. R., Fuller, R. M., & Valacich, J. S. (2008) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148857 · Cited by 1,511
Social networks and Internet connectivity effects
Haythornthwaite, C. (2005) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180500146185 · Cited by 1,434
Why Youth Heart Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social LifePreprint
boyd, D. (2017) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/22hq2 · Cited by 1,408
The Company they keep: friendship in childhood and adolescence
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-1227 · Cited by 1,351
Adolescent Development in Interpersonal and Societal Contexts
Smetana, J. G., Campione-Barr, N., & Metzger, A. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190124 · Cited by 1,264
A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence.
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.6 · Cited by 1,243
Peer Relationships in Adolescence
Brown, B. B., & Larson, J. (2009) · Handbook of Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002004 · Cited by 1,208
Handbook of Organizational Communication: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Jablin, F. M., Putnam, L. L., Roberts, K. H., & Porter, L. W. (1987) · Sage eBooks · Cited by 1,183
Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain’s reward circuitry
Chein, J., Albert, D., O’Brien, L., Uckert, K., & Steinberg, L. (2011) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01035.x · Cited by 1,180 · cited 1×
“In experimental work, adolescents have shown increased activity in reward-related brain regions, and subsequently greater risk-taking, when in the presence of peers (Chein et al. 2011).”
Co–Rumination in the Friendships of Girls and Boys
Rose, A. J. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00509 · Cited by 1,172
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.020 · Cited by 1,087
Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review
Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.001 · Cited by 1,067
The transactional model of development: How children and contexts shape each other.
Sameroff, A. J. (2009) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11877-000 · Cited by 1,023
Sociality Through Social Network Sites
Ellison, N. B., & boyd, D. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0008 · Cited by 1,021
The Teenage Brain: Sensitivity to Social Evaluation
Somerville, L. H. (2013) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721413476512 · Cited by 1,011
Perloff, R. M. (2014) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6 · Cited by 913
More than Myth: The Developmental Significance of Romantic Relationships During Adolescence
Collins, W. A. (2003) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/1532-7795.1301001 · Cited by 902
Sameroff, A. J. (2009) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11877-001 · Cited by 895
The Company They Keep: Friendships and Their Developmental Significance
Hartup, W. W. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131681 · Cited by 875
Preadolescents' and adolescents' online communication and their closeness to friends.
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267 · Cited by 870
Children's friendship relations: A meta-analytic review.
Newcomb, A. F., & Bagwell, C. L. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.306 · Cited by 869
Peer Relationships, Child Development, and Adjustment: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Parker, J. G., Rubin, K. H., Erath, S. A., Wojslawowicz, J. C., & Buskirk, A. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch12 · Cited by 844
Problematic use of the mobile phone: A literature review and a pathways model
Billieux, J. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340012803520522 · Cited by 794
Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World?
Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617713052 · Cited by 783 · cited 1×
“Using these hypotheses as a guide, prior reviews have highlighted the positive and negative consequences of social media for intimacy, friendship, loneliness, and relationship quality, typically within broader reviews of adolescent social media use and well-being (Amichai-Hamburger et al. 2013; Nowland et al. 2017; Pe…”
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00368.x · Cited by 776 · cited 7×
“However, the benefits of online exclusive friendships for socially isolated adolescents are not clear, with at least one study showing that lonely adolescents who talked online with strangers showed decreased wellbeing over time (Valkenburg and Peter 2007a).”
InfluentialFox, J., & Moreland, J. J. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083 · Cited by 763
Nesi, J., & Prinstein, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0020-0 · Cited by 758 · cited 3×
“Finally, a study with adolescents found that engagement in social comparison and feedback-seeking behaviors on social media was positively associated with depressive symptoms, over and above levels of excessive reassurance-seeking (Nesi and Prinstein 2015).”
Self-citationPrzybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2013) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407512453827 · Cited by 751 · cited 2×
“…the room during a conversation can result in lower feelings of relationship quality, particularly when the conversation is about a meaningful topic (Przybylski and Weinstein 2013), and that holding a mobile phone in one’s hand or placing it on the table during conversation results in lower…”
The Features and Effects of Friendship in Early Adolescence
Berndt, T. J. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130071 · Cited by 738
Self-presentation and gender on MySpace
Manago, A. M., Graham, M. B., Greenfield, P. M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.001 · Cited by 724
Developmental Changes in the Priority of Perceived Status in Childhood and Adolescence
LaFontana, K. M., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2010) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00522.x · Cited by 713
Cyberbullying: An overrated phenomenon?
Olweus, D. (2012) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.682358 · Cited by 705
Chua, T. H. H., & Chang, L. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.011 · Cited by 704 · cited 2×
“Preliminary studies suggest that adolescents are highly aware of and influenced by these quantifiable metrics (Chua and Chang 2016; Sherman et al.”
The process of communication:an introduction to theory and practice
Berlo, D. K. (1960) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 661
Manago, A. M., Taylor, T., & Greenfield, P. M. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026338 · Cited by 657 · cited 1×
“In general, studies with college students have found that those who perceive larger audiences for their posts on Facebook report higher perceived social support, with a primary function of public posts being “emotional disclosure” (Manago et al. 2012); in addition, college students who perceive greater levels of emoti…”
Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue
Obar, J. A., & Wildman, S. (2015) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.014 · Cited by 650
McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000065 · Cited by 643
Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616645673 · Cited by 627
Zywica, J., & Danowski, J. (2008) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01429.x · Cited by 625
Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. K. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12197 · Cited by 590
Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat
Bayer, J., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S. Y., & Falk, E. B. (2015) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2015.1084349 · Cited by 553
Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12162 · Cited by 552
Media effects: theory and research
Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Walther, J. B. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033608 · Cited by 536
Developmental Psychopathology: Reactions, Reflections, Projections
Cicchetti, D. (1993) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1006/drev.1993.1021 · Cited by 535
Handbook of interpersonal communication
Pettegrew, L. S. (1987) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(87)90318-2 · Cited by 524
Cross-cultural Roots of Minority Child Development
Greenfield, P. M., & Cocking, R. R. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315806884 · Cited by 520
Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism.
Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/a0033111 · Cited by 500
Friendship stability and change in childhood and adolescence
Poulin, F., & Chan, A. (2010) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2009.01.001 · Cited by 435
Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Bowker, J. C. (2015) · Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy405 · Cited by 430
Misra (2016) · doi:10.1177/0013916514539755 · Cited by 430
Egocentrism over e-mail: can we communicate as well as we think?
Kruger, J., Epley, N., Parker, J., & Ng, Z.-W. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.925 · Cited by 425
Subrahmanyam, K., Smahel, D., & Greenfield, P. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.395 · Cited by 423
Growing Up Wired: Social Networking Sites and Adolescent Psychosocial Development
Spies Shapiro, L. A., & Margolin, G. (2014) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0135-1 · Cited by 422
Social media: A contextual framework to guide research and practice.
McFarland, L. A., & Ployhart, R. E. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039244 · Cited by 414 · cited 23×
“Permanence refers to the extent to which content or messages remain accessible following an original interaction or post (McFarland and Ployhart 2015).”
InfluentialPea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., Rance, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., Nass, M., Simha, A., Stillerman, B., Yang, S., et al. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027030 · Cited by 375 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, in a cross-sectional study of preadolescent girls, those who engaged in higher levels of media multitasking showed lower levels of social success, including having fewer friends and feeling less accepted (Pea et al. 2012); frequency of face-to-face communication, on the other hand, was associated with hig…”
Individual Development from an Interactional Perspective : A Longitudinal Study
Magnusson, D. (2015) · Cited by 373
Why Communication Researchers Should Study the Internet: A Dialogue
Newhagen, J. E., & Rafaeli, S. (1996) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01458.x · Cited by 373
The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review
van der Schuur, W. A., Baumgartner, S. E., Sumter, S. R., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.035 · Cited by 370
On the Nature of Human Plasticity
Lerner, R. M. (1984) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511666988 · Cited by 365
On the Nature of Human Plasticity.
Hallpike, C. R., & Lerner, R. M. (1986) · Man · doi:10.2307/2802655 · Cited by 346
Schouten, A. P., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260701375686 · Cited by 328
Benefits and Costs of Social Media in Adolescence
Uhls, Y. T., Ellison, N. B., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2017) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1758e · Cited by 322
de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4 · Cited by 320
Person-context interaction theories
Magnusson, D., & Stattin, H. (1998) · Cited by 318
Jiang, Z. J., Heng, C. S., & Choi, B. C. F. (2013) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1120.0441 · Cited by 317
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2008) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650207313164 · Cited by 306
Developmental Science: Toward a Unified Framework
Magnusson, D., & Cairns, R. B. (1996) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571114.003 · Cited by 289
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01405.x · Cited by 286
Digital youth: the role of media in development
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-5768 · Cited by 279
Snapchat Elicits More Jealousy than Facebook: A Comparison of Snapchat and Facebook Use
Utz, S., Muscanell, N., & Khalid, C. (2015) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0479 · Cited by 278
Chen, W., & Lee, K.-H. (2013) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0272 · Cited by 275
Teens, technology and friendships
Lenhart, A., Smith, A. W., Anderson, M., Duggan, M., & Perrin, A. (2015) · Cited by 271
Vaterlaus, J. M., Barnett, K., Roche, C., & Young, J. A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.029 · Cited by 267
Prinstein, M. J., Borelli, J. L., Cheah, C. S. L., Simon, V. A., & Aikins, J. W. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.676 · Cited by 266
Self-citationHuss, J. M. (2017) · Cited by 265
Butzer, B., & Kuiper, N. A. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.017 · Cited by 263
Depressive symptomatology, youth Internet use, and online interactions: A national survey
Ybarra, M. L., ALEXANDER, C. S., & Mitchell, K. J. (2005) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.10.012 · Cited by 260
Hall, J. A., & Baym, N. K. (2011) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444811415047 · Cited by 258
Uhls, Y. T., Michikyan, M., Morris, J., Garcia, D., Small, G. W., Zgourou, E., & Greenfield, P. M. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.036 · Cited by 257
Subrahmanyam, K., & Smahel, D. (2011) · Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6278-2 · Cited by 257
Social Anxiety in Online and Real-Life Interaction and Their Associated Factors
Yen, J., Yen, C., Chen, C., Wang, P., Chang, Y.-H., & Ko, C. (2011) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0015 · Cited by 248
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.070 · Cited by 244
The Role of Electronic Communication Technology in Adolescent Dating Violence
Draucker, C. B., & Martsolf, D. S. (2010) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00235.x · Cited by 241
Davila, J., Hershenberg, R., Feinstein, B. A., Gorman, K., Bhatia, V., & Starr, L. R. (2012) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/a0027512 · Cited by 237
Byrne, B. M., & Shavelson, R. J. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.3.599 · Cited by 236
Changes in functions of three relations during adolescence.
Hunter, F. T., & Youniss, J. (1982) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.18.6.806 · Cited by 235
Can You Guess Who I Am? Real, Ideal, and False Self-Presentation on Facebook Among Emerging Adults
Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2015) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696814532442 · Cited by 234
Trepte, S., Dienlin, T., & Reinecke, L. (2014) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2013.838904 · Cited by 227
The effects of text, audio, video, and in-person communication on bonding between friends
Sherman, L. E., Michikyan, M., & Greenfield, P. M. (2013) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2013-2-3 · Cited by 217
Independence and Interdependence as Developmental Scripts
Greenfield, P. M. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315746555-1 · Cited by 201
Understanding the Role of Technology in Adolescent Dating and Dating Violence
Baker, C. K., & Carreño, P. K. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0196-5 · Cited by 193
Why Communication Researchers Should Study the Internet: A Dialogue
Newhagen, J. E., & Rafaeli, S. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.1996.tb00172.x · Cited by 188 · cited 1×
“Since the advent of early forms of computer-mediated communication, scholars have suggested that digital communication differs in important ways from face-to-face communication (Newhagen and Rafaeli 1996; Thompson 1995; Walther and Parks 2002).”
Madell, D. E., & Muncer, S. J. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9980 · Cited by 181
Tillema, T., Dijst, M., & Schwanen, T. (2010) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809353011 · Cited by 180
Gowen, K., Deschaine, M., Gruttadara, D., & Markey, D. (2012) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/35.3.2012.245.250 · Cited by 177
Friendships, Romantic Relationships, and Peer Relationships
Furman, W. C., & Rose, A. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy322 · Cited by 172
Smith, A. R., Hames, J. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.032 · Cited by 168
Developmental changes and gender differences in adolescents' perceptions of friendships
De Goede, I. H. A., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.002 · Cited by 166
Gender Differences in the Effects of Media Richness
Dennis, A. R., Kinney, S. T., & Hung, Y. C. (1999) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/104649649903000402 · Cited by 166
Internet Communication and Its Relation to Well-Being: Identifying Some Underlying Mechanisms
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260709336802 · Cited by 163
The developmental significance of children's friendship relations.
Newcomb, A. F., & Bagwell, C. L. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 160
Nesi, J. L., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1437733 · Cited by 155
Self-citation‘It's just drama’: teen perspectives on conflict and aggression in a networked era
Marwick, A., & boyd, D. (2014) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2014.901493 · Cited by 154
Peer Relations and Developmental Psychopathology
Prinstein, M. J., & Giletta, M. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy112 · Cited by 150
Self-citationKoutamanis, M., Vossen, H. G. M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.016 · Cited by 144
Underwood, M. K., & Ehrenreich, S. E. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040429 · Cited by 144
Friendship: An old concept with a new meaning?
Amichai‐Hamburger, Y., Kingsbury, M. K., & Schneider, B. H. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.025 · Cited by 141
The effect of informal social support: Face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication
Lewandowski, J., Rosenberg, B. D., Parks, M. J., & Siegel, J. T. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.03.008 · Cited by 136
Research Note: Individual Differences in Perceptions of Internet Communication
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2006) · European Journal of Communication · doi:10.1177/0267323105064046 · Cited by 131
Online behavior of youth who engage in self-harm provides clues for preventive intervention
Mitchell, K. J., & Ybarra, M. L. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.05.008 · Cited by 122
Borelli, J. L., & Prinstein, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-005-9010-y · Cited by 119
Self-citationThe extended ‘chilling’ effect of Facebook: The cold reality of ubiquitous social networking
Marder, B. L., Joinson, A., Shankar, A., & Houghton, D. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.097 · Cited by 116
Media multitasking and well-being of university students
Xu, S., Wang, Z., & David, P. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.040 · Cited by 114
Media and the well-being of children and adolescents
Jordan, A. B., & Römer, D. (2014) · Cited by 112
Love, B., Crook, B., Thompson, C. M., Zaitchik, S., Knapp, J., LeFebvre, L., Jones, B., Donovan-Kicken, E., Eargle, E., & Rechis, R. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0138 · Cited by 111
Hummel, A. C., & Smith, A. R. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22336 · Cited by 105 · cited 1×
“For example, Hummel and Smith (2015) found that college students who received negative comments after engaging in negative feedback-seeking (i.e., posting personally revealing “status updates,” or public posts containing negative content about one’s personal life) were more likely to report eating…”
The quality of online, offline, and mixed-mode friendships among users of a social networking site
Antheunis, M. L., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2012) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2012-3-6 · Cited by 101
Modin, B., Östberg, V., & Almquist, Y. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9462-6 · Cited by 94 · cited 1×
“Prior research suggests that adolescents’ peer experiences are prospectively associated with educational outcomes, mental health symptoms, addictive behaviors, and even physical health morbidity and mortality decades later (Allen et al. 2014; Almquist 2009; Almquist and Östberg 2013; Menting et al. 2016; Modin et al.…”
Instant Messaging on Campus: Use and Integration in University Students' Everyday Communication
Quan‐Haase, A. (2008) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972240701883955 · Cited by 93
U txt WHEN? College students’ social contexts of text messaging
Harrison, M. A., & Gilmore, A. L. (2012) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2012.05.003 · Cited by 89
Hot Versus Cool Behavioural Styles in Electronic Negotiations: The Impact of Communication Mode
Pesendorfer, E., & Koeszegi, S. T. (2006) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1007/s10726-006-9025-y · Cited by 88
Koutamanis, M., Vossen, H. G. M., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.033 · Cited by 86
Puberty as a Developmental Context of Risk for Psychopathology
Rudolph, K. D. (2014) · Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_17 · Cited by 85
Wright, K. B. (2012) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2012.695957 · Cited by 77
Almquist, Y. (2009) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2009.088377 · Cited by 74
‘I'M THERE, BUT I MIGHT NOT WANT TO TALK TO YOU’
Quan‐Haase, A., & Collins, J. L. (2008) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180801999043 · Cited by 69
Tang, F., Wang, X., & Norman, C. S. (2013) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2013.830335 · Cited by 65
Why do adolescents untag photos on Facebook?
Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Lonka, K., & Nieminen, M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.017 · Cited by 65
Keipi, T., & Oksanen, A. (2014) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2014.881988 · Cited by 64
Brief report: An online support intervention: Perceptions of adolescents with physical disabilities
Stewart, M., Barnfather, A., Magill‐Evans, J., Ray, L., & Letourneau, N. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.04.007 · Cited by 64
Peer Relationships and the Development of Psychopathology
Choukas‐Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_10 · Cited by 63
Self-citationThe interpersonal effects of Facebook reassurance seeking
Clerkin, E. M., Smith, A. R., & Hames, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.038 · Cited by 61
Child and Adolescent Use of Mobile Phones: An Unparalleled Complex Developmental Phenomenon
Yan, Z. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12821 · Cited by 59
Anandarajan, M., Zaman, M., Dai, Q., & Arinze, B. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2010.2046082 · Cited by 58
What Ever Happened to the “Cool” Kids? Long-Term Sequelae of Early Adolescent Pseudomature Behavior
Allen, J. P., Schad, M. M., Oudekerk, B., & Chango, J. (2014) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12250 · Cited by 58 · cited 1×
“Prior research suggests that adolescents’ peer experiences are prospectively associated with educational outcomes, mental health symptoms, addictive behaviors, and even physical health morbidity and mortality decades later (Allen et al. 2014; Almquist 2009; Almquist and Östberg 2013; Menting et al. 2016; Modin et al.…”
Electronic media use and suicidal ideation in Japanese adolescents
Katsumata, Y., Matsumoto, T., Kitani, M., & Takeshima, T. (2008) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01880.x · Cited by 57
Virtual worlds in development: Implications of social networking sites
Subrahmanyam, K., & Greenfield, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.004 · Cited by 56
Menting, B., van Lier, P. A. C., Koot, H. M., Pardini, D. A., & Loeber, R. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941500036x · Cited by 55
RU mad @ me? Social anxiety and interpretation of ambiguous text messages
Kingsbury, M., & Coplan, R. J. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.032 · Cited by 54
Beyond Viral: Interpersonal Communication in the Internet Age
Berger, J. (2013) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2013.842203 · Cited by 54
Young, Black, and Connected: Facebook Usage Among African American College Students
Lee, E. B. (2012) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/0021934711425044 · Cited by 54
Connecting offline social competence to online peer interactions.
Reich, S. M. (2016) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000111 · Cited by 54
Ledbetter, A. M. (2010) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407510376254 · Cited by 51
van Zalk, M. H. W., Zalk, N. V., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2013) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1895 · Cited by 50
Ranney, J. D., & Troop‐Gordon, W. (2012) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027698 · Cited by 49
Ming-yan, C. Y., & Lo, B. C. Y. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.09.001 · Cited by 47
Who Benefits From Chatting, and Why?
van Zalk, M. H. W., Branje, S., Denissen, J. J. A., van Aken, M. A. G., & Meeus, W. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211409053 · Cited by 43
E.Hawdon, J., & Ryan, J. (2012) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765612441096 · Cited by 41
Nesi, J. L., Widman, L. M., Choukas‐Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12274 · Cited by 39
Self-citationMikami, A. Y., Szwedo, D. E., Ahmad, S. I., Samuels, A. S., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000053 · Cited by 38
Waddell, T. F. (2016) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0677 · Cited by 38
Murdock, K. K., Gorman, S., & Robbins, M. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.10.010 · Cited by 37
Hwang, J. M., Cheong, P. H., & Feeley, T. H. (2009) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809341699 · Cited by 37
Miczo, N., Mariani, T., & Donahue, C. (2011) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2011.555322 · Cited by 36
Friendship Work on Facebook: Young Adults' Understandings and Practices of Friendship
Niland, P., Lyons, A. C., Goodwin, I., & Hutton, F. (2014) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2201 · Cited by 34
Cross-Cultural Roots of Minority Child Development
(2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315746555 · Cited by 30
Licoppe, C. (2012) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444812452410 · Cited by 27
The Effects Of Internet Communication On Adolescents' Psychological Development
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444361506.wbiems136 · Cited by 25
Computer‐mediated communication: synchronicity and compensatory effort
Münzer, S., & Borg, A. (2008) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1387 · Cited by 21
Almquist, Y. B., & Östberg, V. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04097.x · Cited by 17
Changes in technology use and adult attachment orientation from 2002 to 2012
Chopik, W. J., & Peterson, C. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.031 · Cited by 12
Connecting 'Round the Clock: Mobile Phones and Adolescents' Experiences of Intimacy
Weinstein, E., & Davis, K. S. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.ch076 · Cited by 11
Social Networking in Online and Offline Contexts
Levesque, R., Mikami, A., & Szwedo, D. E. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32132-5_283-2 · Cited by 9
Moreno, M., & Kota, R. (2014) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781071934197.n9 · Cited by 4
Social Networking in Online and Offline Contexts
Mikami, A. Y., & Szwedo, D. E. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_283 · Cited by 2
(1976)
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 195 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Walther, J. B. (2011). Theories of computer-mediated communication and interpersonal relations. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), The handbook of interpersonal communication (4th ed., pp. 443–479). Washington, DC: Sage.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Choukas-Bradley, S., Roberts, S. R., Maheux, A. J., & Nesi, J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ju92a · Cited by 331
Self-citationChoukas-Bradley, S., Roberts, S. R., Maheux, A. J., & Nesi, J. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00404-5 · Cited by 333
Self-citationTechnologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory.
Navarro, J. L., & Tudge, J. R. H. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02738-3 · Cited by 325
“1 3 Cue Absence Building upon cues-filtered-out theory (Culnan & Markus, 1987), Nesi et al. (2018a) elucidated cue absence as a transformative feature of social media contexts.”
BackgroundFabris, M. A., Marengo, D., Longobardi, C., & Settanni, M. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106364 · Cited by 287
The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review
Khalaf, A. M., Alubied, A. A., Khalaf, A. M., & Rifaey, A. A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.42990 · Cited by 252
Metadata
- Authors
- Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nesi, Jacqueline
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2018-04-07
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-294
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC6435354
- OpenAlex
- W2795982475
- Semantic Scholar
- d2abc643cce06d3ba0050307351dc6d1e606d332
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 157 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 14.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DGE-1144081)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH85505)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD055342)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social media use, transformation framework, peer relationships, interpersonal context, compensatory behavior, adolescent development, peer adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Peer Group, Friends, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
