When ignorance is bliss: explicit instruction and the efficacy of CBM-A for anxiety
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Effects of explicit instructions in one- or two-session ABM training in nonclinical participants may not generalise to multi-session ABM training in clinically anxious individuals.
“It is helpful to distinguish between their effects in one-or twosession ABM training in nonclinical participants, versus multi-session ABM training in clinically anxious individuals, because the former may not generalise to the latter [87].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [87]
Cites
Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1 · Cited by 3,721 · see citing works
Attentional bias in emotional disorders
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.1.15 · Cited by 3,152 · see citing works
Self-citationAttentional bias in emotional disorders.
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. R. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.95.1.15 · Cited by 2,553 · see citing works
Self-citationManual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (form Y) : "self-evaluation questionnaire"
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 2,352 · see citing works
Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 · Cited by 2,100 · see citing works
Self-citationMacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.1.107 · Cited by 1,334 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…participants who were mid-range with respect to dispositional anxiety, in keeping with our intention of closely replicating the original design of MacLeod et al. (2002), where this approach to participant selection was adopted to avoid the prospect of ceiling or floor effects compromising the…”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationReliability Generalization of Scores on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Barnes, L. L. B., Harp, D., & Jung, W. S. (2002) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164402062004005 · Cited by 947 · see citing works
The role of instruction in learning to read: Preventing reading failure in at-risk children.
Foorman, B. R., Francis, D. J., Fletcher, J. M., Schatschneider, C. W., & Mehta, P. D. (1998) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.90.1.37 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Hakamata, Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.021 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
On the Relationship between Task Performance and Associated Verbalizable Knowledge
Berry, D. C., & Broadbent, D. E. (1984) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748408402156 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Cognitive Bias Modification Approaches to Anxiety
MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Self-citationNotes on the use of data transformations
Osborne, J. W. (2020) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/4vng-5608 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI (Form Y) ("Self-Evaluation Questionnaire")
Spielberger, C. D. (1983) · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Attention training for generalized social anxiety disorder
Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., Buckner, J. D., & Timpano, K. R. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013643 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder
Amir, N., Beard, C., Burns, M., & Bomyea, J. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012589 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Attention training in individuals with generalized social phobia: A randomized controlled trial.
Amir, N., Beard, C., Taylor, C. T., Klumpp, H., Elias, J. A., Burns, M. N., & Chen, X. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016685 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Amir, N., Weber, G., Beard, C., Bomyea, J., & Taylor, C. T. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013445 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
MacLeod, C., & Hagan, R. (1992) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90138-7 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of attention bias modification using threat and appetitive stimuli: a meta-analytic review
Beard, C., Sawyer, A. T., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.01.002 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video based perceptual training?
Farrow, D., & Abernethy, B. (2002) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410252925143 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Kaltenthaler, E., Sutcliffe, P., Parry, G., Beverley, C., Rees, A., & Ferriter, M. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002607 · Cited by 267 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Given the evidence that the efficacy of therapeutic interventions often can be augmented by improving patient acceptability (Kaltenthaler et al. 2008), such patient feedback invites the development of CBM-A approaches that explicitly communicate the attentional training rationale, and actively…”
BackgroundWhither cognitive bias modification research? Commentary on the special section articles.
MacLeod, C., Koster, E. H. W., & Fox, E. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014878 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationLateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias
Browning, M., Holmes, E. A., Murphy, S. E., Goodwin, G. M., & Harmer, C. J. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.031 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Cognitive bias modification for anxiety: current evidence and future directions
Beard, C. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.194 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial
Eldar, S., Apter, A., Lotan, D., Edgar, K. P., Naim, R., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060886 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Carlbring, P., Apelstrand, M., Sehlin, H., Amir, N., Rousseau, A., Hofmann, S. G., & Andersson, G. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-66 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Dandeneau, S., & Baldwin, M. W. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.4.584.40306 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Neural plasticity in response to attention training in anxiety
Eldar, S., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990766 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Heeren, A., Reese, H. E., McNally, R. J., & Philippot, P. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.10.005 · Cited by 198 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A number of studies have subsequently confirmed the reliability of this finding, using the same incidental learning approach within the laboratory setting (e.g. Amir et al. 2008; Hazen et al. 2009; Heeren et al. 2012).”
ResultThe Relative Effectiveness of Various Instructional Approaches in Developing Anticipation Skill.
Smeeton, N. J., Williams, A. M., Hodges, N. J., & Ward, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.11.2.98 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Utility and validity of the STAI with anxiety disorder patients
Oei, T. P. S., Evans, L., & Crook, G. M. (1990) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1990.tb00906.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Plasticity in attention: implications for stress response in children
Eldar, S., Ricon, T., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.012 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Gleason, D. (1997) · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Attentional retraining: A randomized clinical trial for pathological worry
Hazen, R. A., Vasey, M. W., & Schmidt, N. B. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.07.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Najmi, S., & Amir, N. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017549 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Automaticity in anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder
Teachman, B. A., Joormann, J., Steinman, S. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.004 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The Eriksen flanker effect revisited
Sanders, A. F., & Lamers, J. M. (2002) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(01)00048-8 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Manikandan, S. (2010) · Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics · doi:10.4103/0976-500x.72373 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Heeren, A., Lievens, L., & Philippot, P. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Implicit versus Explicit Learning Processes in a Probabilistic, Continuous Fine-Motor Catching Task
Green, T. D., & Flowers, J. H. (1991) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1991.9942040 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Rapee, R. M., MacLeod, C., Carpenter, L., Gaston, J. E., Frei, J., Peters, L., & Baillie, A. J. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.01.005 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationJulian, K., Beard, C., Schmidt, N. B., Powers, M. B., & Smits, J. A. J. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.015 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The effect of attention modification with explicit vs. minimal instructions on worry
Krebs, G., Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.10.009 · Cited by 79 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…previous research has directly instructed CBM-A recipients to actively practice the target pattern of attentional selectivity, one previous study by Krebs et al. (2010) has informed recipients of the training contingency, without instructing them to actively practice a specified pattern of…”
BackgroundAmir, N., & Taylor, C. T. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.12.008 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Colin, M., Lih, Y. S., Elizabeth, M. R., & Lynlee, W. C. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193023 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Implicit and explicit control of motor actions: Revisiting some early evidence
Mullen, R., Hardy, L., & Oldham, A. R. H. (2006) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712606x114336 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Always Look on the Bright Side of Life: The Attentional Basis of Positive Affectivity
Grafton, B., Ang, C., & MacLeod, C. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1842 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationAttentional retraining procedures: Manipulating early or late components of attentional bias?
Koster, E. H. W., Baert, S., Bockstaele, M., & De Raedt, R. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018424 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Haeffel, G. J., Rozek, D. C., Hames, J. L., & Technow, J. R. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9379-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The course of the auditory threshold in the presence of a tonal background.
Wever, E. G., & Truman, S. R. (1928) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0070690 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The attentional bias modification approach to anxiety intervention
MacLeod, C., & Clarke, P. J. F. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614560749 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention bias modification for social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Heeren, A., Mogoașe, C., Philippot, P., & McNally, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.001 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Mogg, K., Waters, A. M., & Bradley, B. P. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617696359 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Reliability, validity and sensitivity of a computerized visual analog scale measuring state anxiety
Abend, R., Dan, O., Maoz, K., Raz, S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.06.004 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.01.001 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Boffo, M., Zerhouni, O., Gronau, Q. F., van Beek, R. J. J., Nikolaou, K., Marsman, M., & Wiers, R. W. (2019) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9386-4 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Gaze-contingent music reward therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Lazarov, A., Pine, D. S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16080894 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
MacLeod, C., & Grafton, B. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.005 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
de Voogd, E. L., Wiers, R. W., Prins, P. J. M., de Jong, P. J., Boendermaker, W. J., Zwitser, R. J., & Salemink, E. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.018 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
De Voogd, E. L., Wiers, R. W., & Salemink, E. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.02.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
van der Baan, H. S., Collot D'Escury-Koenigs, D. A. L., & Wiers, D. R. W. (2024) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101916 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grafton, B., Mackintosh, B., Vujic, T., & MacLeod, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University of Essex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Grafton, Ben
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2013-09-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172-188
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- OpenAlex
- W2045641867
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 7.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autoritatea Natională pentru Cercetare Stiintifică
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- cognitive bias modification, attentional bias modification, anxiety, explicit instruction, selective attention, negative information, stress response, treatment efficacy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
